What happened to the Mu Bai Delta?

Bermuda Triangle (English: Bermuda Triangle; Also known as the devil's triangle; The sargasso sea, located in the North Atlantic, is a triangular sea area consisting of British Bermuda, American Puerto Rico and the southern tip of Florida. It is said that supernatural phenomena and events that violate physical laws often occur, covering an area of about 65,438+065,438+060,000 square kilometers (450,000 square miles). However, the so-called "mystery" of Bermuda Triangle has not been widely recognized by the scientific community.

It is said that many passing ships, planes and people will "mysteriously disappear" due to the extremely abnormal environment in the Bermuda Triangle, but the US Coast Guard, marine insurance companies and all walks of life are very dissatisfied with this. They cite the locations of shipwrecks around the world as statistics, and the number of missing ships and planes is even less than that of other busy areas. The insurance industry has also confirmed that the Bermuda Triangle is not a dangerous sea area. In the past decades, many so-called "mysteries" have been solved. According to many cutting-edge sciences and investigations on the origin of the incident, the mystery is only a long-term misunderstanding, misinformation and even exaggeration of the disappearance, and it is not as incredible as imagined.

Another sea area that is considered similar to this area is the Formosa Triangle (Dragon Triangle, Devil's Sea) near Japan and Taiwan Province Province.

history

First citation

E.V.W Jones first mentioned that the Bermuda Triangle disappeared in 1950. As the gossip of the Associated Press cable TV service, it is about the recently missing ship. Jones's report recorded the mysterious disappearance of ships and planes in this area and blamed the incident on the "Devil's Triangle". Subsequently, the author George X. Sander also reported this matter in 1952. In this paper, several incredible cases of fleet disappearance were summarized and published in Destiny magazine, but the word "Bermuda Triangle" was first used in an article by Vincent Gaddis until 1964 was published in Merchant Marine magazine.

Be questioned

Critics accuse Berlitz, the author of 1974 bestseller Bermuda Triangle, of exaggerating some mysterious disappearances (Berlitz did not give any explanation for supernatural phenomena at that time), and think that there are no more disappearances in Bermuda Triangle compared with other sea areas. Subsequently, Lloyd's Insurance Company of London also stated that the Bermuda Triangle is no longer the most dangerous sea area, and ships passing through this area have not filed any insurance claims, while the United States. There are fewer and fewer problems.

scientific research

Query on this statement

Lloyd's Marine Insurance Company of London has determined that Bermuda Triangle is no longer more dangerous than other sea areas and will not charge high-risk fees for entering and leaving the area. The archives of the United States Coast Guard also confirmed the company's inference.

Skeptics say that it will be more convincing to explain the supernatural phenomenon with the disappearance of a train between two stations. However, such a thing has never happened. In other words, the disappearance of ships and planes in the endless ocean without warning does not need supernatural explanation.

The program "Mysterious Bermuda" broadcast by National Geographic Channel pointed out: After the launch of1Oest satellite in 1999, compared with the data of magnetic field satellite 20 years ago, it was found that Bermuda's magnetic field weakened by about 6%, and the change rate was the fastest in the world, which may be related to the turbulence of mantle hot liquid. However, scientists do not think that this weakening of the magnetic field will affect the navigation system and even the extent of the crash.

Kush's research

Larry Kush is a librarian. After the Fleet 19 incident, many students asked him for information about the Bermuda Triangle, which puzzled him. So I teamed up with Arizona State University to study the previous report. Lawrence Kush's research later published The Mystery of Bermuda Triangle: 1975 Unlocked.

Kusche's research shows that there are many mistakes and contradictions in Berlitz's narrative and the statements of witnesses, participants and relevant personnel. He also noticed that the relevant information of the case was not described. For example, the disappearance of Captain Donald Crowhurst, who sailed around the world on a yacht, was written as a mystery by Berlitz. The fact is, Crohurst may have committed suicide by falsifying navigation accounts, just like the ore ship incident. Berlitz concluded that the ship disappeared on the third day after leaving a port in the Atlantic Ocean, but in fact, it disappeared in a port in the Pacific Ocean. Kusche even found that more disappearances occurred outside the Bermuda Triangle, but Berlitz wrote that it happened in the Bermuda Triangle. Later, many researchers suggested that Berlitz might have done this to make his book more popular.

Kusche's research has drawn several conclusions:

In proportion, the number of missing ships and planes in Bermuda Triangle is far less than that in other sea areas.

In areas with frequent tropical storms, the number of missing persons is disproportionate, unreliable and incredible.

Hasty research exaggerated the number of missing persons. The report of the ship's disappearance did not mention the result of the incident, which may be delayed or returned.

The confirmed disappearance has been misreported many times in Berlitz's account. For example, the weather on the ship at that time was calm, which was inconsistent with the weather report published at that time.

The explanation for the disappearance.

Although some studies think that there is nothing special about the Bermuda Triangle, others insist that there are unusual ships and planes missing in the Bermuda Triangle, and give some possible reasons.

combustible ice

Main project: methane gas-water mixture

The explanation of some disappearances focuses on the large area of combustible ice on continental reefs. 198 1 year, the United States Geological Survey published a paper on the hydrate phenomenon in Black Ridge far from the southeast coast of the United States. Intermittent methane eruption may produce water vapor layer, which can not provide proper buoyancy for ships. If the above situation is true, forming such an area around the ship will cause the ship to sink quickly without any warning. Experiments in the laboratory have proved that bubbles can indeed reduce the density of water and make the model ship sink, and it has also been proved outside the laboratory that bubbles can make the ship sink, but this effect may not happen on a full-scale ship because of physical intervention.

In addition, methane gas is also considered to be related to the plane crash. Methane gas is thinner than ordinary air, so it can't provide the buoyancy needed to keep the plane flying. In addition, methane may interfere with the function of the aircraft altimeter, which measures the altitude by measuring the density of the surrounding air. Because of the low density of methane, the altimeter will show that the plane is climbing, which will cause the pilot to lower his flying height and fall. Another possibility is that methane decomposes the fuel mixture and air in the engine, which may cause combustion to stop and the engine to stall.

freak wave

Studies have shown that tidal waves (also known as freak wave) can roll up to 30 meters (100 feet), which is enough to sink a big ship in an instant. Tidal waves are very rare, but in some ocean currents, tidal waves occasionally appear. At present, tidal waves are considered to be the reason why many ships have disappeared for no reason in recent years.

Studies have shown that some tidal waves are caused by large bubbles of methane rising to the water surface. This huge bubble is produced because methane is blocked when it is discharged from the seabed, and then the pressure increases until the gas suddenly explodes and rises to the sea surface quickly, thus generating tides. The research shows that this kind of bubble can sink the model ship very easily and quickly.

Invisible storm

A weather pattern, such as microburst, which is famous for its unpredictability, makes it difficult for people who meet it to survive.

Artificial fabrication?

Many rumored Bermuda Triangle events don't really exist or happen there. For example, it is said that the Bermuda Triangle was shipwrecked in 1989, and 198 people were killed. The us government also intervened in the investigation, but it was fruitless. However, the US government has no record of this matter, which was proved to be false in 1993. More notoriously, an air crash in Ireland is also considered as a "mysterious incident" in the Bermuda Triangle. There is another saying that there is a pyramid made entirely of iron at the bottom of the sea. Because of the strong magnetic force, the radar of the plane failed. It is said that this pyramid was probably built by the ancient Egyptians tens of millions of years ago, and then sank to the bottom of the sea due to the earthquake and tsunami.

Famous events

United States naval fleet 19

The U.S navy's TBF· Grumman Avengers bomber fleet is similar to the 19 fleet. This photo is often used to describe the image of 19 fleet.

Among the Bermuda Triangle events, the US Navy 19 Fleet event is the most famous. 1On February 5th, 945, a 14-person training squadron consisting of five US Navy TBM Avengers left Fort Lauderdale, Florida. According to Berlitz's book, this leader is a naval flying expert, which is not entirely correct. In addition, Berlitz said that the "Avengers" bomber was designed to float for a long time. It was reported that the weather was fine and the sea was calm the next day after the accident, so the wreckage of the plane should be found. However, not only these planes were not found, but also the navy PBM-5 sailor seaplane that sent out search and rescue was missing. The navy's investigation report said that the accident was caused by "unknown reasons", which made the incident more intriguing.

A few months later, the 500-page naval investigation report pointed out:

Taylor mistakenly thought that the island he saw was Florida, so he mistakenly thought that he was flying north over the Gulf of Mexico.

Although Taylor is an experienced pilot, he is prone to make mistakes when flying at sea. He was rescued twice by abandoning the plane in the Pacific Ocean.

PBM-5 Bunol 59225 crashed due to explosion.

The navy report initially said that this was due to Taylor's mistake, but her mother protested that there was no evidence and changed it to "the reason is unknown". Unknown reasons have aroused people's rich imagination.

Later, in the BBC's Bermuda Mystery Triangle program, it was confirmed that the fleet deviated from the channel due to the influence of wind direction on the voyage. Later, the pilot thought that he had flown to the Gulf of Mexico 220 miles away from the original location (in fact, the shape of the nearby islands was similar), which made the pilot think that there was something wrong with his compass, and the extreme weather made the pilot suffer from "spatial disorientation" (a kind of directional obstacle in flight). Under the condition of extreme tension and anxiety, even though the control tower provided the correct instructions, the pilot insisted on driving back to the inland from the Gulf of Mexico (but in fact he was far away and drove out). Finally, it would have taken another 25 minutes to return to the inland, but the pilot's decision led the team to make a 300-degree turn and make an emergency landing in the open sea in the wind and rain, resulting in the so-called disappearance. The reasons why the whole thing became a mystery in the program are: the course error caused by unpredictable strong wind before flight, the compass error illusion caused by similar terrain, and the "space loss" caused by the pilot's long-term harsh environment, which led to the wrong decision.

Regarding the PBM-5 sailor seaplane that was sent to search and rescue later, it was confirmed that it was caused by an air explosion in bad weather. Statistics have confirmed that this kind of aircraft is prone to oil and gas leakage when it is full of oil, and it will explode in the air because of small sparks. In addition, an oil tanker was sailing in the sea area at that time, saying that there were explosions and flashes in the sky that night. Saw a long oil belt at sea. The weather at that time was also very fierce.

"Star Tiger"

If the disappearance of the US Navy Fleet 19 proves to be a pure accident, then there is another mystery in modern aviation-a four-engine Tudor passenger plane named "Star Tiger" disappeared with the chaotic radio information in the early morning of1948+1October 3 1 day.

The Star Tiger has 29 crew members and passengers on board. Captain B.W. McMillan was scheduled to fly from London, England to Havana, Cuba. At the time of the incident, it had just left the Santa Maria gas station in the Azores for a few hours.

On the way to Bermuda, Captain McMillan contacted Kindley Airport, the next gas station, as usual, and asked for instructions to adjust the navigation system to ensure that the plane kept its course. At that time, because we knew that the plane was slightly yaw, we corrected the plane at 72 degrees according to the first-class direction conveyed by Bermuda from Kindley Airport. Less than two hours before the voyage, Captain McMillan confirmed that the estimated arrival time of the Xinghu was 5: 00 a.m., which was delayed by one hour because of the strong headwind. This is also our last message.

Knowing the exact final position, the rescue operation began immediately after the plane determined the delay; However, the plane has disappeared.

In the report quickly completed by the Civil Aviation Administration, several hypotheses were put forward about the accidents encountered by the aircraft in the last two hours, but they were all rejected in the end:

There is no reason to think that the plane crashed into the sea because it lost radio communication, could not find its destination or ran out of fuel.

It is reasonable to assume that the plane didn't send out distress information, because many radio receiving stations have channels to monitor the plane, but none of them have reported relevant information.

At that time, the weather was stable, there was no atmospheric interference enough to cause structural damage to the aircraft, and there was no thunderstorm.

According to the report, the plane did not deviate from the route, because according to the direction from Bermuda, with the help of the downwind, the plane should reach the range of 30 kilometers from the destination:

With the visibility at that time, it is unlikely that the plane will not find its destination in a short time.

The engine problem has also been eliminated, because the aircraft may be able to fly safely even if one or even two of the four engines fail due to the current range and weight without additional fuel. The report thinks that the plane broke down three engines in two hours, which is almost absurd.

In the case of a large amount of evidence (or insufficient evidence), the investigation team skillfully tells the story of the disappearance of "Xinghu":

The report concludes that the problems encountered this time are really the most puzzling since the investigation was launched. Because there is no reliable evidence for the nature or cause of the "Xinghu" incident, the court can only put forward some assumptions at present, and none of them can be said to be "very likely". In the operation involving people and machines, there are two completely different elements; One is the unpredictable factors of people, which we don't fully understand; The other is the mechanical factor that operates according to very different laws. When two elements interact, two problems may appear separately or simultaneously. Or external reasons may make people or machinery unable to cope. We will never know what happened in this accident, and the fate of "Xinghu" will only become an unsolved case.