Seeking the common saying nursery rhymes of Chaoshan people's "crossing over"

"Where there is tide, there is chaozhou people." Although this statement is exaggerated, it is true that "there is a Chaoshan in China and a Chaoshan abroad". It is not unreasonable for hipsters at home and abroad to call "National Model Song" "Homesick Song of hipsters".

There are geese at the top of the sky, and my brother (wife) has no brother.

My brother is called uncle, and my uncle is helpless.

Carry a bag across Siam (Thailand) and go to Siam to get a pig brother (to get a boar to breed).

If you earn money, you can add or subtract it and send it to Tangshan to marry your wife.

This song shows that hipsters have the nature of "get together well and leave well, and get together will have fun". They make a living abroad, unite and help each other, but don't force others, relying on their own "flesh and blood", hard work and intelligence. Happy when you are happy, happy when you are in pain, and singing is your heart. This is the connotation of Chaoshan "country".

There is no choice but to make sweet cakes.

"You can't make sweet cakes" is a Chaoshan proverb. In the Qing dynasty, hipsters went to Nanyang to make a living. Every time they cross the ocean, the fastest time takes more than ten days. If there is a big wave, the trip is difficult to predict. So if the influx of people exceeds the number of times, they will let their families make sweet cakes (brown sugar rice cakes). Sweet cakes can be used as food because they are not perishable and easy to carry.

The Chaoshan area has a long history of emigrating overseas, which was recorded before the Yuan Dynasty, so it has always been homesick, affectionate and ethnic. The traditional concept of "parents are here and don't travel far" and "flesh and blood are attached" is deeply rooted. Who wants to make a living far from home? However, in the Hanjiang Delta, Fiona Fang was less than 900 square kilometers in ancient times, accounting for only 30% of the total area of the region. The rest are mountains and hills, and the southeast is an endless sea. Therefore, there is a saying that "three tenths of people are islands, four tenths are water, and there is little arable land".

Because of this, Chaoshan people, although smart and diligent, have turned hillsides, roadsides, ponds, ditches and cemeteries into cultivated land. Farming is like embroidery, and intercropping seeds also yields several crops throughout the year. But with less land and more people, how can we make a living? So, for a long time, I lived a half-starved life. It is common for hipsters living in mountainous areas to eat sweet potatoes twice a day and porridge once a day. According to relevant historical records, "even if there is a bumper year, it is not enough for March." Coupled with tyranny, troubled times, natural disasters and man-made disasters, it is inevitable to leave home and make a living overseas.

The older generation said, "Grandpa's generation is very bitter. How can there be a sailboat? " ? They all tied their bamboo rafts to make boats, cooked cookies for food, propped up broken quilts as sails, tied one end to their waist with ropes or tarpaulins, and tied the other end to the bamboo raft to cross the black water across seven continents. In heavy wind and waves, the bamboo raft overturned and people fell into the water. Get up and drive as usual. Those lucky enough can escape to Siam when foreign ships call for help. "So small bamboo raft, how can withstand the waves of seven continents? Many people can only drift to nearby islands and wait for passing ships. Therefore, the Chaoshan folk ballad goes: "Cutting firewood will starve to death. Helpless, sell it. "Among them," Guo Ba Ge "is sung in Chaozhou's" five-tone lively tune "(sad tune):

A stream is full of juice, a boat is full of people, and a bathing cloth is always there.

Money sent back, don't forget your parents' wife's room.

The fireboat sailed through seven continents and never saw my hometown again.

Whether it is good or bad depends on life. I don't know when I can return to the cold kiln.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, imperialists plundered hipsters in Chaoshan and sold coolies across the ocean. They set up various "recruitment bureaus" in Chaoshan, which hipsters call "pig trading". For example, foreign companies such as Deji in Britain and Yuanxing in the Netherlands have set up "pig houses" in Shantou. I sold my "pig" in an iron cage and shipped it overseas, and countless people died.

174 1 year, the governor of the Dutch East India Company, Vaganian, massacred Chinese workers in Batavia, Java, killing more than 10,000 people, which became the "Red River Massacre" that shocked China and foreign countries in history. However, instead of condemning foreigners, the Qing government said that its own people were "stubborn and fierce, abandoned by China", and declared to the inside and outside that "China people did not hesitate to carry their ancestral graves and go abroad for profit, but the court did not listen". The situation of migrant workers can be imagined.

Around 1876, there are more than 20 "pigsty" and "Goo Li Xing" in Chaoshan. Chaoshan people are desperate and forced to cross the ocean to make a living, and there are many related "songs", such as:

Siamese boat, water all the way, life and death today.

If you can't earn food, you will become a ghost and hate it.

Panicked and busy, he went up the mountain to work as a coolie.

Sunrise is divided into exposure (sunshine) and rain is divided into showers.

I carry the big Chinese fir (big wood), and I work day and night.

The shack I live in is really worse than shrimp.

After crossing Blackwater (seven continents) and eating bitter water,

Pay close attention to running water;

Want to be a mountain (inheritance) and not go back to Tangshan,

The bones of the old man return to Yishan (tomb group).

"Anti-skin" Yin Qian Tangshan Fu

According to A Brief History of Overseas Chinese in Chaoshan, from 1869 to 1948, the total population in Chaoshan reached more than 5.8 million. By the end of the 20th century, the number of people had soared to more than 654.38+million, which is equivalent to the current Chaoshan population. Therefore, there is a saying that there is a Chaoshan in China and a Chaoshan abroad.

Just like this, a considerable number of Chaoshan people in China make a living by "criticizing", so there is a saying that "criticizing money and silver is the blessing of Tangshan", and "criticizing" has become the bond of Chaoshan people's life and affection.

Many Chaoshan people have written home to report their safety as soon as possible after crossing the ocean and landing. For example, Chen Jinbing of Chencuo in Chaoan, after he 1 1 arrived in Malaysia on the first day of the month, 1936, sent a letter of peace to his mother on the third day, borrowed 6 yuan from relatives and friends and sent it to her first to reassure her. Yang Jie, an overseas Chinese in Thailand, sent his wife Guanshan Town 50,000 yuan in national currency and a bloody sentence-"Redeem my daughter as soon as I see the letter", which became life-saving money.

In the early days, hipsters chose honest, honest and reliable people from their peers and fellow villagers to deliver letters and property for them. These people have been walking in ocean waterways for a long time and are familiar with the routes between Chaozhou and Nanyang. At first they were called "water passengers", and later they were called "water passengers".

With more and more people "invading South Asia" and "wandering around the world", professional overseas Chinese examination and approval bureaus came into being, such as the "Zhi Ba Tuan" founded by Singaporean businessman Huang Jiying and the "Fishing Village Examination and Approval Bureau" established by Chenghai Huang Songting in Shantou. No matter the early "water passengers" or the later "batch bureaus", the delivery of "batches" was carried out by "red-headed ships" traveling between Nanyang and Chaoshan. According to the memories of the older generation: "In September of the lunar calendar, there were few typhoons, and the red-headed boat returned from Nanyang. Chenghai Zhanglin Port is beating drums to greet it, which is more lively than the Chinese New Year holiday. " Therefore, there is a folk proverb: "At the end of September, gongs and drums ring." There is a "Guo" sings:

Foreign ships arrive, pigs are born, birds are born, and beans are shed.

The foreign ship sank, the mother pig fainted, and the chicks and beans spread flies (insects).

A letter, silver two yuan, tells (wife) to work hard and not to worry.

Slaves know how to teach, and pigs know how to feed.

Work hard in the countryside until you make money,

I hurried home for a reunion.

From 1940 to 1945, due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, the "examination and approval" was interrupted, and the overseas Chinese in Chaoshan had no way to borrow. Many people become beggars and live in exile, some people are forced to remarry, some people sell their children, and the situation is bleak ... There is a song of praise, which is sung in the sad tone of "Living Five":

"Repeated criticism", without smoke,

Wandering around, begging for food,

My son starved to death, my mother remarried,

Lift the eye juice flow.

The author of Guo is from Chaoshan. They tell their miserable lives and experiences, expose the evils of the old society, and sing their own voices with their own experiences. The audience and the singer share joys and sorrows ... savoring the taste of "Guo" and comparing the life of hipsters today and in the past makes people feel different.