Does Yangzhou count as Jiangnan?

Question 1: Is Yangzhou Jiangnan? Yangzhou is Jiangnan, which literally means Jiangnan. "Jiang" has a special meaning in Chinese, which is the Yangtze River. Jiangnan originally refers to the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, southern Sichuan often represented a prosperous and developed culture and education and a beautiful and rich water town scene, and the region was roughly the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There was a saying of Jiangnan in the pre-Qin period. Until the Sui Dynasty, the Central Plains was still the center of geographical coordinates, and Jiangnan often referred to Hunan and Jiangxi. Jiangnan Road was established in the Tang Dynasty, and later it was divided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Guizhou Middle Road, which became the beginning of defining the meaning of modern Jiangnan, and later Jiangnan became the proper name of Jiangdong area. Historian Feng Xianliang said, "Geographically, Jiangnan is undoubtedly the most prosperous area in China since modern times. But the definition and application of the word Jiangnan has never been unified since ancient times. " Historical Evolution The historical evolution of the administrative region named after "Jiangnan" is as follows: Before the Tang Dynasty, the area referred to by the word Jiangnan included Jiangnan and the vast areas along the Yangtze River, including Jingzhou (southeastern Hubei and Hunan) and Yangzhou (Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang). Jiangnan West Road (southeastern Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi, southern Anhui) and Jiangnan East Road (Fujian, southern Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang) were established in the Tang Dynasty. Jiangnan West Road (most of Jiangxi, southeastern Hubei) and Jiangnan East Road (northeastern Jiangxi, southern Anhui and Nanjing) were established in the Song Dynasty. Jiangnan province was established in the early Qing Dynasty, which was later divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. Emperor Taizong established Jiangnan Road, covering the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, south of the Yangtze River and Guizhou and Fujian. Tang Xuanzong subdivided Jiangnan Road into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Qianzhong Road. Jiangnan was divided into eastern Jiangnan and western Jiangnan in ancient times. Jiangnan West Road and Jiangnan West Road were established in the Tang and Song Dynasties, covering Jiangxi, Hunan and southern Hubei in the west of the Yangtze River, and originally belonged to Jiangnan in a broad sense. In the late Tang Dynasty, Jiangdong was called Jiangnan, and the cultural concept of "Jiangnan" came into being. Later, with the narrow concept of Jiangnan, Jiangnan West Road evolved into today's Jiangxi Province; Jiangdong area is centered on Nanjing, mainly including parts of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui. In the Qing Dynasty, the Governor's Office of Two Rivers was established, which governed Jiangsu Province (including Shanghai), Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province, and the two rivers included Jiangdong and Jiangxi. Jiangnan in a narrow sense and Jiangnan in a broad sense refers to the whole area south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, that is, Jiangnan Road except southern Hunan, southwestern Jiangxi, Guizhou and Fujian. Including the narrow sense of Jiangnan, the north of Jiangxi, the south of the Yangtze River in Hubei and the north of Hunan. But some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. Jiangnan in a broad sense was widely used in ancient times, for example, Du Fu wrote "Meet Li Guinian and Go Down the River" in Changsha. Jiangnan in a broad sense is also used in modern times. For example, Jiangnan in weather forecast refers to Jiangnan in a broad sense; The three famous buildings in Jiangnan (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang) refer to Jiangnan in a broad sense. Jiangnan, now in a narrow sense, refers to the area beautified by literati. That is, except Fujian Province and southern Zhejiang Province, Jiangnan East Road takes Nanjing to Suzhou as the center, including parts of Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province and Zhejiang Province south of the Yangtze River, namely southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, southern Anhui and northern Jiangxi. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of Jiangnan, and they can also be regarded as part of Jiangnan in the cultural sense. But it is not the Yangtze River basin, and it is considered to be some areas south of Taihu Lake or even south of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo. In the autumn of the twenty-fifth year of Jiaqing (1820), Funing (hereinafter referred to as "Xuanzong") of the Qing Dynasty just inherited the great unification. At that time, the most prosperous Jiangnan area was in good weather, rich and peaceful, but a great plague never seen in the history of the dynasty quietly appeared. In the following years, this epidemic, which is said to have been introduced from Fujian and Guangxi by sea, spread rapidly in this area, and continued to spread westward and northward, resulting in a catastrophe that spread to almost half of China. The prelude to the periodic epidemic of true cholera in China for more than a century has also been opened.

Question 2: Why does Yangzhou belong to "Jiangnan"? Granddaughter read Du Mu's "A Letter to Han Chuo, Yangzhou Magistrate". "There is water in the green hills, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River has not withered in autumn. On the moonlit night of the 24th Bridge, where can jade people teach flute playing? " Then ask me: Yangzhou is clearly in Jiangbei, why does the poem say "the grass in Jiangnan is not withered"? Whether Yangzhou belongs to the south of the Yangtze River seems to have been discussed several years ago. I have a vague impression, so I casually replied: ancient Yangzhou seems to be under the jurisdiction of Jiangnan, which is probably a general term in poetry. She was unconvinced by this explanation and asked: Did Yangzhou belong to Jiangnan Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty? I was caught off guard, so I had to save myself: I'll tell you after I check. "I don't want to know much about reading", which is a big problem for me. Tao Yuanming is a self-deprecating and self-pleasing language since the Enlightenment, but he was borrowed as a shield by incompetent people. "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." It is a great sense of powerlessness to really study a problem. In the past, when preparing lessons or writing, many problems were often solved by opening the dictionary, but now I don't have it at hand, so I go online to find explanations. Enter the word "Jiangnan" and the web page can be described as a big end. Geographically, some items in Jiangnan Water Town did not mention Yangzhou; Among the ancient poems Jiangnan, such as Jiangnan written by Han Yuefu, Encountering the River under Du Fu, Recalling Jiangnan written by Bai Juyi, Jiangnan Spring written by Du Mei, Looking at Jiangnan written by Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Zhou Bangyan, Yangzhou seems to have nothing. If we continue this investigation, it is obviously difficult to have a result. As the saying goes, "God never shuts one door but he opens another." Just when I was at a loss, I was going to the library. My family tidied up the newspaper and found an Atlas of chinese national geography and Jiangnan. This magazine, the third issue in 2007, was sandwiched in a pile of newspapers, but I didn't see it. Now it suddenly appears, giving people a feeling of "getting it done without any effort". It is really a treasure. Look at it right away. In order to overcome the problem of "Dont Ask For Help's solution", this time I calmed down and scanned the magazine first, picking out a few chapters and reading them carefully. The harvest of "learning with problems" is really not small. Now that it's open, I won't pick chapters and sentences, just pick the main points for my granddaughter's reference. "Jiangnan" was originally a regional concept. At least before the Tang Dynasty, "Jiang" was not the proper name of the Yangtze River. The Huaihe River was once called the Great River. Broadly speaking, the south of each river can be called Jiangnan. For example, the famous "Three Downhills and Four Guarantees of Linjiang" campaign in the War of Liberation refers to the south of Songhua River. In a narrow sense, Jiangnan in Qin and Han dynasties refers to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, mainly Hubei and Hunan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jiangnan extended eastward to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Why is Yangzhou, which is located in the north of the Yangtze River, considered as the south of the Yangtze River? It is not surprising that there was Yangzhou Prefecture (located in present-day Nanjing) in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Many places north of the Yangtze River were under the jurisdiction of Yangzhou. However, Jiangnan Road Administrative Region was established in the early Tang Dynasty, which no longer included Jiangbei. "Jiangnan" is another object of literary description. In the literary works of past dynasties, the area referred to by Jiangnan often covers Yangzhou. Another poem in Du Mei's "Farewell" is "Down and out in the south of the Yangtze River with a restaurant, and my waist is broken." Feel the dream of Yangzhou for ten years and get the name of a brothel. "It also connects Yangzhou and Jiangnan. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou was the largest city in China. Her prosperity, her dance halls, her poems and songs, her piano, chess and calligraphy are comparable to Suzhou and Hangzhou at that time, and even more Jiangnan than Jiangnan. Therefore, Du Mei can understand that Yangzhou was sung as Jiangnan. The main factors that determine the style of a region are nature, administration and culture. As far as cultural factors are concerned, Yangzhou belongs to the south of the Yangtze River. Yangzhou is a typical example of the interaction and interweaving of the above three factors, and it is the transcendence of cultural forces over natural regions. Jiangnan today refers to the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone headed by Shanghai, which is the fastest growing, richest and most potential area in China, and Yangzhou naturally ranks among them.

Question 3: Which places are counted as Jiangnan? Are Jiangsu and Zhejiang modern Jiangnan?

The definition of modern Jiangnan can be divided into two types: broad Jiangnan and narrow Jiangnan.

Jiangnan in a broad sense refers to the whole Jiangnan area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, namely, southern Jiangsu, southern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and southern Hubei. Some areas in Fujian are sometimes called Jiangnan. The broad definition of Jiangnan begins with Gusi (Jiangnan Road) and is often described in literary works. For example, Du Fu's Random Encounter Li Guinian was written in Changsha. The Jiangnan referred to in the weather forecast is generally the Jiangnan zone in a broad sense. Three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River (Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang) are all located in the south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan in a narrow sense generally refers to southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang, but the specific scope is not very clear. This concept probably began in the late Tang Dynasty and took shape in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The clearest core area in Jiangnan only includes Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and other cities around Taihu Lake. Nanjing is also located in the core area of the south of the Yangtze River. However, due to the changes of the times, the language of Nanjing has gradually become Jianghuai Mandarin (Jiangbei dialect), so the recognition of Nanjing in Wuyu District is not high. Shanghai's administrative history is relatively short, but because of its important economic status, it has basically been included in the modern concept of "Little Jiangnan".

However, it is not the Yangtze River basin, and it is considered to be some areas south of Taihu Lake or even south of Qiantang River, such as Shaoxing and Ningbo. Some areas north of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Yangzhou, are located in the north of the Yangtze River, but their economy and culture are similar to those of Jiangnan, and sometimes they are regarded as a part of Jiangnan in the cultural sense. Similarly, because of Jiangbei dialect, the narrow sense of Jiangnan does not necessarily include Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.

In addition,

Linguistically, the indigenous languages are Wuyue, Gan, Hakka and Huizhou, and the foreign languages are Jianghuai Mandarin.

Economically, Jiangzuo is developed and Jiangyou is backward.

Culturally, China has three major cultural provinces-Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Zhejiang.

In terms of transportation, the main railways are Zhejiang-Jiangxi line, Beijing-Shanghai line, Anhui-Jiangxi line and Beijing-Kowloon line.

Jiangnan in a narrow sense now refers to the Yangtze River Delta, which generally includes:

Shanghai: the center of modern Jiangnan

Nanjing: the traditional capital of Jiangnan area in history

Suzhou: the representative of Jiangnan

Wuxi: It's as famous as Suzhou.

Changzhou: the geographical center of ancient Jiangnan

Zhenjiang: Jinshan Temple, an important town in Suzhou and Hangzhou.

Hangzhou: another center in the south of the Yangtze River, second only to Nanjing.

Jiaxing: Jiangnan Ancient Town

Huzhou: Suzhou Lake is ripe and the world is full.

Ningbo: A New Star in Jiangnan

Shaoxing: the Center of Yue Culture

In addition, Yangzhou: Although it is in Jiangbei, it is not Jiangnan in modern times, but it is the name of ancient Jiangnan.

Question 4: Does Yangzhou belong to Jiangnan in history? Yangzhou is Jiangnan, which literally means Jiangnan. "Jiang" has a special meaning in Chinese, which is the Yangtze River. Jiangnan originally refers to the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented a prosperous and developed culture and education and a beautiful and rich water town scene, and the region was roughly the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There was a saying of Jiangnan in the pre-Qin period. Until the Sui Dynasty, the Central Plains was still the center of geographical coordinates, and Jiangnan often referred to Hunan and Jiangxi. Jiangnan Road was established in the Tang Dynasty, and later it was divided into Jiangnan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Guizhou Middle Road, which became the beginning of defining the meaning of modern Jiangnan, and later Jiangnan became the proper name of Jiangdong area. Historian Feng Xianliang said, "Geographically, Jiangnan is undoubtedly the most prosperous area in China since modern times. But the definition and application of the word Jiangnan has never been unified since ancient times. "

Question 5: Should Yangzhou be Jiangnan or Jiangbei geographically? Yangzhou should belong to the north of the Yangtze River.

Question 6: Did the ancient Yangzhou belong to the south of the Yangtze River? Literally means the south of the river. But as a typical concept of historical geography, Jiangnan originally refers to the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented prosperous culture and education and beautiful and rich water towns, and the region was roughly divided into the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Jiangnan represents China people's infinite yearning and hope for a better life. However, scholars at home and abroad have not unified the definition and application of the word Jiangnan. There are also Jiangnan culture, four famous buildings, 12 scenery and celebrities named Jiangnan, music albums and songs. Not which city! So ancient Yangzhou belongs to the south of the Yangtze River!

Question 7: Does Yangzhou belong to the south of the Yangtze River? No, it belongs to Jiangbei geographically and is close to Jiangnan culturally.

Question 8: Why is Yangzhou in the north of Jiangnan? Solve. Jiangnan has always been a symbol of wealth, civilization and wealth in everyone's impression. In ancient times, Yangzhou had geographical and economic advantages, so for a long time, everyone subconsciously thought that Yangzhou was also Jiangnan, so the subject would think that Yangzhou was Jiangnan.

But literally, Jiangnan means south of the Yangtze River. So in this respect, Yangzhou cannot be counted as a city in the south of the Yangtze River.

Jiangnan has a vast territory and some cultural differences. Among them, Xiaojiangnan refers to Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Nantong and Taizhou in Jiangsu Province.

Question 9: Is Yangzhou in Jiangnan or Jiangbei? Chinese national geography released the album Jiangnan in the third issue in 2007. In this album, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou are not only included in the scope of "Jiangnan", but also mentioned the bathing culture of Yangzhou and Zhenjiang in particular, saying that they are one of the most beautiful scenery that embodies the spirit of Jiangnan. Chinese national geography puts forward and answers a question in the preface: Why is Yangzhou, north of the Yangtze River, considered as the south of the Yangtze River? The article introduces: "It is more important to regard Yangzhou as Jiangnan, because it is similar to Jiangnan. It can even be said that Yangzhou was once more Jiangnan than Jiangnan. Yangzhou, along the Grand Canal, the Yangtze River and the East China Sea, is similar to Suzhou and Hangzhou in terms of prosperity, wealth, dance halls, songs, poems, calligraphy and painting. Therefore, Du Mu can understand that Yangzhou is Jiangnan. " The album also suggests that Yangzhou should belong to the south of the Yangtze River in terms of cultural division. Natural division, administrative division and cultural division overlap very much, and Yangzhou is a typical example of their dislocation. Yangzhou, known as Jiangnan in the north of the Yangtze River, is the transcendence of culture over natural divisions and the manifestation of cultural strength.

Question 10: Why do people say that Yangzhou is Jiangnan and Zhenjiang is Jiangbei? Yangzhou focuses on developing tourism and doesn't know much about Zhenjiang.

I have been in Zhenjiang for almost two years. I feel that Zhenjiang is not very clean. Yangzhou is much cleaner and the environment is better than Zhenjiang. The only regret is that Yangzhou is all made of earth. There are no mountains, but some are hills. Zhenjiang is full of mountains.

There are not as many hotels in Zhenjiang as in Yangzhou. I went to the street, but I couldn't see the hotel. All I see are small stalls.

Also, the square centered on Zhenjiang is a bit dull, which is a bit low-key compared with Yangzhou.

As for scenic spots, we should have our own characteristics. Zhenjiang takes one more temple as the theme, while Yangzhou takes fun and appreciation as the theme. Different people like it differently.

Personally, I don't like visiting those famous scenic spots. I like to visit this city by bus. But the buses in Zhenjiang make me feel ashamed ... but Yangzhou has only developed in recent years, and I think Zhenjiang will soon become very beautiful.