What are the 28 world-class nature reserves in China?

The World Biosphere Nature Reserve is a protected area proposed by UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Program to implement special ideas and goals. It has three functions for biosphere reserves: protection, sustainable utilization and base support (scientific research, monitoring, education and training). UNESCO has established a global network of biosphere reserves around the world through the national committees for "Man and Biosphere" as a demonstration base for protecting biodiversity and promoting sustainable development.

At present, more than 1000 nature reserves have been established in China, and by the end of 2007, 28 of them were listed as "World Biosphere" nature reserves of the United Nations.

1. Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

Located in Baitoushan area at the junction of Antu, Fusong and Changbai counties in Jilin Province. 1980 was included in the world biosphere reserve network by the United Nations at the beginning of 1980. Covering an area of more than 200,000 hectares, this nature reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve of temperate forest ecosystem in China. There are four natural landscape belts with obvious vertical structure from bottom to top. Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt, dark coniferous forest belt, birch forest belt and alpine ice sheet belt are in turn. There are more than 400 species of plants/kloc-0 in Changbai Mountain, which is called "gene bank of temperate biological resources" and more than 400 species of wild animals. The main rare animals and plants are Siberian tiger, sika deer, sable, leopard, Korean pine and Larix olgensis.

2. Wolong Nature Reserve

Located in Wenchuan County, western Sichuan Province. 1980 was included in the world biosphere reserve network by the United Nations at the beginning of 1980. The reserve covers an area of 200,000 hectares, mainly protecting the natural ecosystem and rare animals such as giant pandas in the southwest alpine forest region. This is the transition zone from subtropical zone to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because the mountains block the airflow and westerly circulation from the eastern Pacific Ocean, a subtropical mountainous climate is formed, which is cool and humid all year round. A complete vertical distribution band spectrum is formed from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. The main rare animals and plants are giant panda, golden monkey, antelope, red panda, white-lipped deer, Sichuan sequoia, Minjiang cypress, clover, chasing the old grass, camphor and so on.

3. Dinghushan Nature Reserve

Located in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. 1956 is listed as the first nature reserve in China. 1980 is included in the world biosphere reserve network, and it is the northernmost one of the global 17 tropical ecosystem positioning research stations. The protected area covers an area of 1 140 hectares, which mainly protects subtropical evergreen monsoon forest. Dinghushan is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, on the tropical edge. Because the Tropic of Cancer is controlled by the northeast trade wind, it often forms a vast tropical desert, and Dinghushan is known as the "green treasure house" on the Tropic of Cancer under the influence of the ocean monsoon. There are more than 2,400 kinds of plants and more than 250 kinds of animals. Rare animals and plants include Schima superba, olive, kudzu, amethyst, cycad, spiny spiny, Suman antelope and silver pheasant.

4. Fanjingshan Nature Reserve

Located at the junction of Jiangkou, Yinjiang and Songtao counties in Guizhou Province. 1986 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. The nature reserve is a rare subtropical complete ecosystem with an area of 4 1 1,000 hectares, which mainly protects rare animals and plants such as Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata. Guizhou golden monkey, like the giant panda, is a Quaternary companion animal, a veritable "Davidia involucrata stone" and a "living fossil of plants". At present, there are only 100 to 500 monkeys in Fanjingshan forest area, which is of great value to the study of ancient creatures and their living environment. The natural Davidia involucrata only exists in China, with the largest area in Fan Jing. It is called "China's dove tree" because it spreads its wings like a dove when it blooms. /kloc-spread abroad in the late 20th century, and now it has become a world-famous ornamental tree species.

5. Wuyishan Nature Reserve

Located in Jianyang, Chong 'an and Guangze counties of Fujian Province,/kloc-0 was included in the world biosphere reserve network in 1987. The reserve covers an area of about 57,000 hectares and mainly protects subtropical forest ecosystems and precious animals and plants. There are more than 0/800 species of higher plants/kloc-,more than 400 species of birds, 56 species of snakes and more than 20,000 species of insects, which are called "species gene bank", "bird paradise", "snake kingdom" and "insect world". The main rare animals and plants are: ginkgo, lycopodium, grasshopper, thick-lipped fish, horned frog, lizard, big flat-headed turtle and so on.

6. Xilinguole Grassland Nature Reserve

Located in Xilinhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1987 is included in the world nature reserve network. The nature reserve is a typical temperate grassland ecosystem with rich grass resources and excellent pasture. It is the first grassland nature reserve in China and the world. The representative plants are Picea mongolica, Stipa grandis, Fox Bud, Agropyron cristatum, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, etc.

7. Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

Located in Fangxian, Xingshan and Badong counties of Hubei Province. 1989 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. The reserve covers an area of about 74,000 hectares and mainly protects rare animals and plants such as golden monkey and Davidia involucrata. Shennongjia is known as the "Five Wonders of Shennong" with its peaks, cliffs, clouds, caves and trees. Among them, trees refer to more than 2,200 local higher plants, some of which are ancient endangered species, such as Davidia involucrata, hemlock, water green tree, Cercidiphyllum, primrose and so on. There are more than 570 kinds of animals, some of which have peculiar albinism, such as more than 20 kinds of white bears, white snakes, white roes and white golden monkeys. At present, the causes of albinism in these animals have not been solved.

8. Bogda Peak Nature Reserve

Located in central Xinjiang, east of Tianshan Mountain. 1990 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. The nature reserve consists of Tianchi Nature Reserve and Fukang Desert Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, which mainly protects endangered animals (such as swans, snow chickens and snow leopards), deserts, forests, grasslands, Tianchi scenic spots and desert oases.

9. Yancheng Nature Reserve

Located in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. 1992 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. The reserve mainly protects rare birds, mainly red-crowned cranes. There are 70,000 hectares of salt Artemisia beach, grass beach and reed swamp, which provide a good habitat for birds and are the largest wintering ground for red-crowned cranes in the world. Besides red-crowned cranes, rare animals include storks, white cranes, white-shouldered eagles, white-headed cranes, white-naped cranes, Hei He, cranes and swans.

10 Xishuangbanna nature reserve

Located in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. 1992 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. Covering an area of 200,000 hectares, the reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve for tropical ecosystems and various animals and plants in China. Under the influence of tropical monsoon climate, plants in Xishuangbanna have bred into a monsoon rain forest different from the equatorial rain forest. There are more than 4000 kinds of higher plants here, and almost half of the first-and second-class plants under state protection are distributed here. For example, 1975 discovered the 70-meter-high Wang Tianshu, which once caused a sensation in botany. Birds are the most abundant animals, with more than 400 species, accounting for 1/3 of the total number of birds in China. 62 species of mammals, such as Asian elephant, Indian tiger, clouded leopard, civet cat and lazy monkey, are all rare animals, especially the white-cheeked gibbon, which is one of the highly evolved species among primates and is rare in number, and is a key national protection object.

1 1. Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve

Tianmu Mountain is located in the northwest of Lin 'an County, Zhejiang Province. 1996 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. This area covers an area of 1000 hectares, and mainly protects the subtropical forest ecosystem. The plants in the nature reserve are known as "tall, large, ancient and rare", such as Ginkgo biloba, which is over 500 years old/kloc-0 and more than 50 meters high. It has more than 1 m of DBH, Dictyophora, rare Cycas, Hemlock, etc. Are known as the "big tree kingdom." Precious animals include clouded leopard, pangolin, tiger frog, tree frog and salamander.

12. Maolan Nature Reserve

Located in Libo County, southern Guizhou Province, 1996 was admitted by the World Biosphere Reserve Network. This nature reserve is a very concentrated, primitive and relatively stable karst forest ecosystem unique to China subtropical zone and even the same latitude area in the world.

13. Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve

Located in Nanping County, Sichuan Province. 1997 was included in the world network of biological reserves by the United Nations. This nature reserve covers an area of about 60,000 hectares and is the first nature reserve in China with the main purpose of protecting natural scenery. Jiuzhaigou is a valley with a depth of more than 60 kilometers. According to legend, there used to be nine Tibetan villages here, hence the name Jiuzhaigou. The most unique thing here is the lakes and mountains. 108 Lake is called 108 Sea by local people. Dozens of waterfalls, such as Bihu, Liu Hong, Waterfalls and Bai Cui, connect lakes, with harmonious colors, alternating motion and static, and are natural.

14. LAM Raymond nature reserve

Located in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province. 1997 was accepted by the world biosphere reserve network. The protected area covers an area of 18400 hectares, mainly to protect the original Korean pine forest. Located in the east of Daxing 'anling, close to the ocean, it is easy to get moist air from the ocean, so the climate is warm and humid. There are more than 2,000 species of plants, half of which are endemic to East Asia, such as Korean pine, Abies fargesii, Abies odorifera, Picea koraiensis and so on. Korean pine has the greatest utilization value, and its natural growth takes 100 ~ 200 years to reach the height of 20 ~ 30 meters, so it has become the main protected object in LAM Raymond.

15. Nanji Islands Nature Reserve

Nanji Islands Nature Reserve is located in the southeast sea area of Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province. 1997 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network. Nanji Archipelago is 30 nautical miles from Aojiang Town, 50 nautical miles from Wenzhou City, 0/40 nautical miles from Keelung/KLOC-in Taiwan Province, with a land area of1.13 square kilometers, of which the island area is 7.64 square kilometers, consisting of 52 islands. The island has beautiful scenery, including 180 landscapes, wide beaches, natural lawns with three tails, exquisite natural murals, strange reefs carved by wind and waves, charming bird islands, snake islands, centipede islands and narcissus islands with their own characteristics; Zheng Chenggong drilled the naval ruins, cliff stone carvings, Song Meiling's "Qifengju" and other cultural landscapes, which enriched the historical connotation of nanji island.

16. Shankou Nature Reserve

Shankou Nature Reserve is located in Shankou Town, Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, covering an area of 8,000 hectares. It was listed in the world biosphere reserve network in 2000. 1990 was established with the approval of the State Council, and its main protection object is mangrove ecosystem. This area is located in the intertidal zone along the Shatian Peninsula, with a humid climate in the south subtropical zone. The coastline of the reserve is 50 kilometers long. There are well-developed, typical structure, large contiguous and well-preserved natural mangroves in the reserve. Mangroves 12 species, among which 12 species are mangroves such as Astragalus kwangtungensis, Kandelia candel and Tung oil tree. Among them, the contiguous pure forest of Astragalus membranaceus and the tall and straight Bruguiera glabra are rare in China. This area has typical characteristics of mangrove coastal ecosystem in Chinese mainland, and there are many kinds of marine life and birds living in mangroves, which has important scientific value.

17. Baishuijiang Nature Reserve

Baishuijiang Nature Reserve is located in Wudu County and Wenxian County, Gansu Province, and was included in the world biological reserve network in 2000. Gansu Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve was established in 1978. The main protection objects are rare wild animals such as giant pandas and their forest ecosystems. The total area is 2 13750 hectares, including 97329 hectares in the core area and 1 16420 hectares in the experimental area. The reserve is densely forested and rich in species. This is the northernmost part of the distribution of giant pandas and is known as the treasure house of species at the eastern end of Minshan Mountain. Baishuijiang Nature Reserve is located at the southernmost tip of Gansu Province, on the northern slope of the eastern end of Minshan Mountain. The whole nature reserve is banded, with a length of 1 10 km from east to west and a width of 20 km from north to south. Seven nature reserves under the Nature Reserve Administration have established giant panda domestication and breeding bases in the giant panda habitat at an altitude of 2,350 meters. The main tasks of nature reserves are to implement the state's principles and policies on the development of nature protection, focus on the protection and domestication of giant pandas, comprehensively protect natural resources, and actively carry out scientific research in combination with the protection cause.

18. Huanglong Nature Reserve

Huanglong Nature Reserve, located in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, was included in the world biological reserve network in 2000. Huanglong Nature Reserve, adjacent to Jiuzhaigou, is a colorful color pool gallery. There are beautiful flowers and trees in the territory, vines are full of vitality, clear water and clear springs, and waterfalls are rolling down. On the long yellow slope at an altitude of 2123 ~ 3,576 meters, there are more than 4,300 zigzag pearl color pools inlaid layer by layer, which are shaped like hoofs, such as crescent moons, such as water chestnuts and lilies. The depth of the pool varies, from more than a foot deep to several inches shallow, and there is no Egypt in clear water. The most attractive thing is the color of the pool water, which is sometimes red and green, splashing ink and soaking yellow, sometimes green and flowing gold, and sometimes blue and white, with appropriate shades. Although the running water is of the same origin, it has different colors and is endless. Easy as a scenic spot, it is a nature reserve with rare animals such as giant pandas and natural landscapes as the main protection objects.

19. Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve

Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve is located in Longyang District, Tengchong County, Lushui County, Fugong County and Gongshan County of Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and was included in the world biological reserve network in 2000. With a total area of 405,549 hectares, it is the largest nature reserve in Yunnan Province at present. Located between 24 40' and 28 30' north latitude, it consists of three unconnected sections: north, middle and south, with a length of more than 400 kilometers from north to south. The core area of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve is 183789.5 hectares, accounting for 45.3% of the total area of the reserve; The buffer area is 1426 1 1.5 hectares, accounting for 35.2% of the total area of the reserve; The experimental area is 79 148 hectares, accounting for 19.5% of the total area of the reserve. Habitat corridor belt: the two sections in Nujiang River are 1 16480 hectares, and Baoshan is 49 16 hectares.

20. Baotianman Nature Reserve

Baotianman is located in neixiang county, Nanyang City, Henan Province, and was included in the World Biological Reserve Network on 200 1. The total area is about 120 square kilometers, and the elevation of the main peak is 1830 meters. It is a typical forest ecological zone in the transition zone between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone in China. The forest coverage rate of the scenic spot is over 90%, and a large number of relatively complete natural primary and secondary plants and biological communities are collected and preserved. There are more than 2,900 species of plants in the whole region, including 29 species under state protection and 26 species under provincial protection. Because of the abundant plant resources, it provides a good living environment for wild animals. More than 260 species of animals have been found, and more than 30 species of animals such as golden eagle, leopard, otter, giant salamander, golden pheasant and fragrant roe have been listed as national key protected animals. There are more than 3,000 species of insects here, including butterfly 170 species, including wild fruit trees165,438+00 species, wild flowers 173 species, and medicinal plants 1055 species. It is the gene bank of animals and plants in Henan province and even the whole country. The ecological environment in Baotianman area is good, and the main peak area basically maintains the virgin forest state.

2 1. Sai Han Wula Nature Reserve

Saihanwula National Nature Reserve was located in the north of Bahrain Right Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2002. The nature reserve is located in the north of Balinyou Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which is 5 km away from Daban Town1/kloc-0, where the flag government is located. The nature reserve spans Soriga Sumu, Ganggen Sumu, Chaoyangyang and Hanshan Forest Farm. It is bordered by Zuo Qi, Bahrain in the east, linxi county in the west, Ganggensumu in Bahrain Right Banner in the south and Xilin Gol League in the north. The geographical coordinates are 1 18 degrees 18 minutes-18 degrees 55 minutes, 43 degrees 59 minutes 44 degrees 27 minutes north latitude, with a total area of 100400 hectares. This nature reserve is the epitome of the mountain landscape at the southern foot of Daxinganling Mountains in China. It is also a dual transition zone from broad-leaved forest in East Asia to cold temperate coniferous forest in Daxing 'anling, and from grassland to forest. It is also a transition zone from flora in North China to flora in Xing 'an, which becomes a link and bridge between major flora, and is of great significance for studying the mutual influence and exchange of major flora. It is also the intersection of the fauna of Northeast China, North China and Mongolia. At the same time, it is an ecological ecotone, so it is of great significance to study the response of organisms to global climate change through the changes of biodiversity in this area. The reserve has become a demonstration area for biodiversity conservation and community development projects in China and Canada.

22. Dalai Lake Nature Reserve

Dalai Lake Nature Reserve, located in Manzhouli City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, was incorporated into the world biological reserve network in 2002. Dalai Lake, also known as Hulun Lake, is the fifth lake in China and the largest lake in Inner Mongolia. Dalai Lake Biosphere Reserve is located in the west of Hulunbeier Grassland in Inner Mongolia and belongs to Manzhouli City, with a total area of 3,258 square kilometers. It is a comprehensive nature reserve that mainly protects rare birds, wetland ecosystems and grasslands. With vast waters, continuous wetlands and abundant prey, it is a good place for many migratory birds to inhabit, and also a post station for migratory birds in Oceania and Northeast Asia. There are 448 species of seed plants, 30 species of fish, 35 species of mammals and 297 species of birds (including 8 species of national first-class protected birds such as red-crowned cranes and white-headed cranes, and 28 species of national second-class protected birds such as white spoonbills and swans).

23. Wudalianchi Nature Reserve

Wudalianchi Nature Reserve, located in wudalianchi city, northwest Heilongjiang Province, was incorporated into the world network of biological reserves in 2003. Wudalianchi is a famous volcanic resort in China. In a.d.1719 ~1721year, the volcanic eruption blocked the river course of that year and formed five interconnected lava barrier lakes. There are peculiar volcanic scenery, rich and complete volcanic landforms, and mineral spring "holy water" with remarkable curative effect. It is a comprehensive natural scenic spot integrating sightseeing, recuperation, scientific investigation and other functions. June to September is the best season for traveling every year. Besides the five dammed lakes, there are many ancient and modern volcanoes in Wudalianchi. Recently, there are *** 14 volcanoes, among which Laoheishan and Yamakaji are the youngest, but they are the best scenic spots in Wudalianchi because of their huge scale and excellent scenery. According to reports, the eruption of Wudalianchi volcano spanned a year from 2.03 million years in prehistoric times to 280 years in modern times, and its unique volcanic landform pattern created its complete volcanic natural ecosystem. There are 428 genera 143 families 1044 species in the nature reserve, among which 47 species are rare and endangered, such as Dianthus northeast and Betula alnoides. In addition, the wild animals in the area are also very rich, with 6 1 family and 144 species, such as merganser and red-crowned crane, which are first-class protected animals. Such rich animal and plant resources provide an important basis for studying and exploring the species evolution of volcanic natural ecosystems.

yading nature reserve

Aden Nature Reserve is located in the south of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and was included in the world biological reserve network in 2003. Aden Nature Reserve is located in the eastern part of the famous Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the middle of Hengduan Mountains, bordering Muli County of Liangshan Prefecture in the southeast, Xiangcheng County and Zhongdian County of Yunnan Province in the west, and Litang County in the north, with an area of 7,323 square kilometers. Its altitude is 3750 meters, and the highest altitude in China is 6032 meters. It belongs to the plateau monsoon climate, with sunny weather and beautiful natural scenery most of the time, especially the ancient ice body relic "Daocheng ancient ice cap" is famous all over the world. A long and wonderful mountain road, through the hubbub, extends to the sky; Teams of extremely devout worshippers worked tirelessly and trudged hard just to put their feet in this sacred place and devote themselves to bow down. Daocheng, formerly known as "Daoba". Tibetan means the open area at the mouth of the valley. "Xikang Tujing" records: "In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, rice was planted here, so it was renamed Daocheng County, and I wish it success." Aden Tibetan means "land facing the sun". Looking around in Daocheng Aden, the world is vast and rugged, which is amazing. 1 145 alpine lakes are scattered among rugged rocks, and the scenery is extremely spectacular, which is known as the "last Shambhala". Haizishan is a natural stone carving park, known as the "ancient ice cap of Daocheng" in the world, and it is an ancient ice relic left by Himalayan orogeny. The altitude is 3600 ~ 5020 meters, and Fiona Fang is 3287 square kilometers. Standing on Haizi Mountain, looking from a distance, the world is boundless and the scene is spectacular, which is regrettable.

25. Foping Nature Reserve

Foping Nature Reserve is located in Foping County, southern Shaanxi Province, on the southern slope of the middle Qinling Mountains. It is a forest and wildlife nature reserve directly under the State Forestry Administration approved by the State Council 1978. With a total area of 3,500 hectares, it is adjacent to Longcaoping Forestry Bureau in Shaanxi Province in the east, the newly-built Changbiao Nature Reserve in the west, the Zhouzhi Golden Monkey and the Old County Nature Reserve in the north, and Yueba Township in Foping County in the south. The nature reserve is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Most of the mountains are north-south, and the secondary mountains are east-west. The highest peak of Luban Peak in Tantalum Chain is 2904 meters above sea level, and the lowest of Yueba Dam is 980 meters. The relative height difference exceeds 1.900 meters. There are a few Quaternary glacial remains at high altitude. The main rivers are Donghe River, Xihe River and Dachenghao River, which is the birthplace of Jinshui River, a tributary of the Han River. The region is rich in plant resources, with 755 genera 1758 species of higher plants belonging to 235 families, including 2 lichens1species, 2 liverworts1species, 97 mosses, 94 ferns and 0/435 seed plants. Wild bamboos are mainly Bashan bamboo and Songhua bamboo, which are the main food of giant pandas. The forest ecosystem in the area remains intact, and the forest coverage rate is over 90%, mainly natural secondary forests. The vertical belt spectrum of vegetation is obvious, which is deciduous broad-leaved forest belt, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt, coniferous forest belt and alpine shrub meadow belt from bottom to top.

26. Everest Nature Reserve

Mount Everest National Nature Reserve was listed in the world biosphere reserve network by UNESCO in 2004. Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve is located in the southwest corner of Xizang Autonomous Region, China, covering Dingri, Ding Jie, Nyalam and Geelong counties in Tibet. It is the highest nature reserve in the world. The total area of the reserve is 338 19 square kilometers, with 82,000 residents. The main protected objects of Mount Everest Nature Reserve are national first-class key protected animals: langurs, bear monkeys, Himalayan tar sheep, leopards, wild donkeys, snow leopards, red-breasted pheasants and black-necked cranes. The national second-class key protected animals include red pandas, black bears, Tibetan snow chickens and rock sheep. The national key protected plants are Magnolia officinalis, Trillium chinense, Gastrodia elata, Begonia sikkimensis, Panax notoginseng, Picea longifolia, Pinus longifolia and so on. Among them, the unique snow leopard has been listed as a symbolic animal in Everest Nature Reserve.

27. Chebaling Nature Reserve

Located in the southeast of Shixing County, Guangdong Province, with an area of 7,545 hectares, the main protected objects are rare animals and plants such as the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the middle subtropical zone and the South China tiger. According to statistics, there are 1928 species of plants growing in Chebaling, including 14 species of national key protected plants. Vertebrates and insects 1552 species, including 34 rare and endangered animals.

28. Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve

Located in the southeast of Mishan City, Heilongjiang Province, facing Russia across the lake in the south. It is the largest migratory bird "post station" in Northeast Asia, and its main protection targets are rare birds such as red-crowned cranes and wetland ecosystems. Xingkai Lake wetland, which constitutes the ecological platform of nature reserves, is a rare forest wetland ecosystem in the world and plays an important role in biodiversity protection of internationally important wetlands. According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 690 species of higher plants, 34 species of vertebrates and 48 species of key protected birds in China. In recent years, with the strengthening of protection, the number of birds in Xingkai Lake has increased from 183 in 2000 to 230 at present, and more than 2 million migratory birds migrate from Xingkai Lake every year.