Let’s talk about famous geographers in ancient my country and their main achievements in geography

1. Shen Kuo

Shen Kuo analyzed that the North China Plain used to be a seaside, and now it is more than a thousand miles east of the sea. The North China Plain is composed of the Yellow River, Hutuo River, Zhuoshui, It was formed by alluvial deposits such as the Sanggan River. This is the earliest scientific explanation of the origin of the North China Plain (alluvial plain). Based on the fact that the tops of the steep and steep Yandang peaks are on the same plane, Shen Kuo deduced that Yandang Mountain was formed by the erosion of flowing water.

Shen Kuo also recorded in detail the fossils found in various places, and used the fossils to infer ancient climate changes, explain the atmospheric refraction phenomenon of rainbows, scientifically describe the causes, shapes and destructive power of tornadoes, using the moon Use the profit and loss to demonstrate the shape of the sun and moon and the relationship between ocean tides and the moon, etc. Shen Kuo's research on physical geography was at the forefront of the world at that time in many aspects.

Shen Kuo completed the "Map of Prefectures and Counties in the World" compiled and drawn by the order. The map is large and the content is unprecedented. There are a total of twenty maps in the complete set, including a general map of the country and regional maps, with a scale of one in 900,000. Shen Kuo also pioneered the use of "flying bird diagrams" to draw maps, replacing the traditional path-based mapping.

2. Xu Xiake

"Xu Xiake's Travels" is a Chinese geographical masterpiece mainly written in the form of a diary. "Xu Xiake's Travels" has opened up a new direction in geography to systematically observe and describe nature. It is not only a geographical masterpiece that systematically examines the landforms and geology of the motherland, but also a travel masterpiece describing China's scenic resources. It is also a literary masterpiece with beautiful words. It has won praises both at home and abroad. Have far-reaching consequences.

Xu Xiake made many contributions to geographical science. He also investigated and studied geothermal phenomena such as volcanoes and hot springs. He also conducted careful research on climate changes and natural phenomena such as plant changes due to different terrain heights. description and investigation. In addition, he also vividly described and recorded the conditions of agriculture, handicrafts, and transportation, the evolution of scenic spots and historical sites in various places, and the customs and customs of ethnic minorities. ?

3. Guo Shoujing

Guo Shoujing once proposed that using sea level as a benchmark to compare the topographic differences between Dadu (now Beijing) and Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan), This is the origin of an important concept in geography, "altitude."

After the completion of the Xixia Water Conservancy Project, Guo Shoujing went up the Yellow River to explore the source of the Yellow River. As a result, he became a pioneer in exploring the source of the Yellow River for the purpose of scientific investigation itself.

4. Li Daoyuan

Li Daoyuan wrote the geographical work "Shui Jing Zhu". "Shui Jing Zhu" is China's first comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive geographical work six centuries ago. It has important reference value for studying ancient Chinese history and geography. The forty volumes of "Shui Jing Zhu" were an unprecedented geography masterpiece at that time. This book not only created the history of ancient "realistic geography", but also occupied an important position in the history of the development of world geography.

5. Jia Dan

Is a figure in the history of Chinese geographical maps. He inherited and developed the method of scientific cartography. The geographical descriptions in books are China’s declaration of territory and sea to the outside world. important basis for rights. Taking advantage of the convenience of being in charge of receiving foreign envoys, Jia Dan asked the foreign envoys about the mountains and rivers situation, geographical history and customs of each country, and then sorted them out into categories

Jia Dan used Pei Xiu's six principles of cartography to draw "Guanzhong Longyou" The "map of Jiuzhou in Shannan" axis mainly shows the mountain passes, roads and bridges, and military town settings in some places adjacent to the border states of Longyou and Guanzhong. He gave detailed explanations in written notes and then compiled them into volumes, hence the names "Guanzhong Longyoushan Nanjiuzhou Bielu" and "Tubo Yellow River Lu".

Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Daoyuan

Baidu Encyclopedia-Shen Kuo

Baidu Encyclopedia-Xu Xiake

Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Shoujing

Baidu Encyclopedia-Jia Dan