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Koala bear is also called koala, koala bear and koala bear, and its scientific name is Phascolarctos cinereus. English: The koala bear comes from an ancient aboriginal script, which means "No drinking". Because koalas get 90% water from the eucalyptus leaves they eat, and they only drink water when they are sick and dry. Koalas sleep 18 hours every day.

Koala: Koala, Koala and Koala: Pha Animal Kingdom.

Chordata Subdivision: Vertebrate Subdivision: Mammalian Subdivision: Postvertebrate Subdivision: Marsupial Subdivision:

Koalas: Koalas Distribution: Australia Protection Level: No Danger

Koala bear and its mother Koala live in Australia. Koala bear is not only Australia's national treasure, but also a unique and precious primitive arboreal animal in Australia, belonging to the marsupial Koala family. Distributed in eucalyptus forest areas along the southeast coast of Australia. Although koalas are also called koalas, koalas, koalas, sloths and koalas, they are not Xiong Ke animals. And they are far apart. Xiong Ke belongs to Carnivora, while koalas belong to marsupials. Koalas are a strange and precious primitive arboreal animal in Australia. It is gentle, simple and honest, and always looks innocent, which is deeply loved by people. Koalas (5 photos) Edit this paragraph. The koala is about 70-80 cm long and weighs 8- 15 kg. They are thick koalas (20) and look like bears. They have thick, soft, thick grayish brown short hair, gray fur on the chest, abdomen, inner limbs and inner ear, a pair of big ears, fluffy ears and bare flat nose. Its tail has degenerated into a "cushion" after a long period of use, and the fur on its buttocks is thick and dense, so koalas can sleep comfortably on a tree fork for a long time. Koalas have stout limbs, long and curved claws and sharp claws. Its five toes are arranged in two rows, one row is two and the other row is three. Koalas are good at climbing trees. They spend most of their time in tall trees and can't even sleep. Koalas feed on eucalyptus leaves and branches and almost never drink underground water. This is because koalas get enough water from eucalyptus leaves, so they seldom drink water, so the locals call it "Kwale", which means "no water". The pregnant period of koalas is 35 days. Usually, only one cub is born in each litter. The newborn koala bear is less than an inch and weighs only 5.0-5.5 grams. After living in their mother's abdominal sac for six months, they climbed onto their mother's back to live. When the cubs reach 1 year, they will leave their mothers and live independently. Sexually mature at 3-4 years old, with a life span of about 10- 15 years. Koalas live in eucalyptus trees for most of their lives, but occasionally they fall to the ground because of changing trees in their habitats or swallowing gravel that helps digestion. Their livers are very strange and can separate toxic substances from eucalyptus leaves. Eucalyptus leaves are their only food. It is because the koala's main food, eucalyptus leaves, contains toxic substances that koalas sleep for a long time to digest toxic substances. Koalas communicate with each other by humming and purring, and they also send signals through their sense of smell. During the day, koalas usually curl up and perch on eucalyptus trees. At night, they go out and climb up and down the branches, looking for eucalyptus leaves to satisfy their hunger. Although it eats a lot, it is very picky about food. Among more than 600 kinds of eucalyptus, only 12 kinds are eaten. It especially likes to eat the leaves of Eucalyptus roseus, Eucalyptus manna and Eucalyptus maculata. An adult koala can eat about 1 kg of eucalyptus leaves every day. Eucalyptus leaf juice is aromatic, containing cineole and anisoterpene. So koalas always give off a fragrance of eucalyptus leaves.

Family scope

Koalas' "genealogy" can be defined as: the key tree that marks the boundary between different koalas. In the eyes of human beings, these marks are unremarkable, but as a koala, you can tell at a glance whether a tree belongs to yourself or to other koalas. Even one year after the death of a koala, other koalas will not move into this empty home, because during this time, the smell traces and claws left by koalas have not naturally weathered away. When the young koala is sexually mature, it must leave its mother's home and find its own field. Its goal is to find and join another breeding population. Finding other koalas is more important than finding a habitable habitat. The size of koala's home depends on the quality of its uncultivated habitat, and one of the important criteria is the density of key tree species eaten by koalas. The examination environment is also a prerequisite. There are always some animals that will temporarily wander outside the stable population. As koalas, these animals are often male, and often wait and see at the edge of the breeding population, waiting to join them and become permanent residents. All genealogies and food trees are very important to the welfare of every member of the koala group. The movement and disappearance of any one of these trees will destroy the koala population, and the vast open space is also a potential destructive factor for the koala population, because it will put koalas in a disadvantageous position of being attacked by dogs, encountering car accidents, malnutrition and diseases.

Life cycle In Australia, the breeding season of koalas is from August to February. During this period, male koalas will be more active and will make a higher roar than usual more frequently. The same is true of the little koala leaving its mother and starting to live independently. If koalas live in remote areas or near expressway, it will show that koala nurses are busiest at this time, because koalas will increase their chances of injury and illness when crossing the road due to traffic accidents and dog attacks. Koala cartoon image (10) Female koalas usually start breeding at the age of 3-4, and usually only breed one cub a year. However, not all wild female koalas breed every year. The newborn koala has a pair of big ears, furry ears, a bare flat nose and no tail, and peeks into the outside world. At 22-30 weeks, the female koala will excrete a semi-liquid soft food from the intestine for the young koala to eat. This kind of food is very important, not only soft, koala is easy to eat, but also nutritious, containing more water and microorganisms, easy to digest and absorb. This kind of food will accompany koalas through the important transition period from breast milk to eating eucalyptus leaves until koalas can eat eucalyptus leaves completely, just like human babies will eat porridge semi-liquid food for a while before eating solid food. When the baby koala leans out of the pouch and feeds on the semi-liquid soft food discharged from the cecum by the female koala, it will stretch the pouch backwards. So strictly speaking, it is not accurate to say that the female koala's pouch is open downwards or backwards. In the process of feeding semi-liquid food, koalas will gradually climb out of the pouch until they are completely lying on the mother koala's abdomen to eat, and finally start eating fresh eucalyptus leaves and climb on the mother koala's back to live. Of course, koalas will continue to feed on the breast milk in the pouch until about 1 year old. However, the little koala's body is getting bigger and bigger, and it can't put its head into the pouch, so the female koala's nipple will stretch and protrude from the open pouch. This koala will continue to live with the female koala until the next baby koala is born. At this time, the little koala had to leave her mother and find her own field. If the mother koala doesn't breed every year, then the baby koala will live with her mother for a longer time, so the baby koala has a better chance of surviving. Generally speaking, female koalas live longer than male koalas, because male koalas are often injured in the battle for spouses, and they need to move a greater distance, because they need to maintain a larger area, risk more car accidents and being bitten by dogs and other animals, and occupy a larger barren soil eucalyptus forest. It is misleading to use the average age data of koalas, because some koalas can only live for a few weeks or months, while others can live for a lifetime. Koalas living in a quiet environment will live longer than koalas living in the suburbs of cities. It is estimated that the average life span of adult male koalas is 10 years, but the average life span of some sub-adult koalas scattered in expressway or on the edge of residential areas is only 2-3 years. Once eating eucalyptus leaves, koalas grow faster and stronger, and at the same time become more dangerous.

First, koalas hold their mothers' bellies to keep warm and hide, but sometimes they ride on their mothers' backs. Finally, it will walk a short distance from its mother. These behaviors put koalas at risk of falling and being injured. 12 months old, koala left her mother and started her own home, which made koala's life more difficult because she had to find her own territory. There, there must be eucalyptus forests that can provide delicious food for koalas, and they must be close to other koalas. It is best to have some safe places to keep them away from forest destruction, car accidents and dog attacks.

The Australian Koala Foundation estimates that at least 4,000 koalas die every year from car accidents and dog attacks, and habitat destruction is the biggest threat to koalas' survival. In some wildlife reserves in Australia, people often see the cute image of koalas lying on their mothers' backs. Interestingly, koalas are timid. When they are frightened, they even cry and scream, which sounds like newborn babies. Koalas are gentle and slow-moving and never pose a threat to other animals. It looks ridiculous and is a lovely ornamental animal.

Koalas have several natural enemies in their lives, one of which is the dingo. When koalas slowly walk from tree to tree, both adult koalas and young koalas may be hurt by Australian dogs. Koalas are sometimes attacked by wedge-tailed hawks and owls. Other wild cats, wild dogs and foxes are also natural enemies of koalas. But now koalas are affected by human roads and traffic, which reduces their habitat, and can also be said to be another form of enemy.

The main diseases of koalas koalas are prone to several different diseases. Two common diseases are conjunctivitis and wet buttocks, which are diseases of kidney and urinary system. Other diseases include respiratory tract infections, skull diseases and parasites. Chlamydia is usually considered as the main cause of koala illness, and experts are constantly studying its relationship with koala population. It can be found that koalas are more likely to get sick when they live in crowded places or places with insufficient food supply. Research on how to take better care of koalas or reduce the infection and harm caused by diseases has been going on. Because koalas are good friends of human beings.

Koalas inhabit islands on the east coast of Australia, tall eucalyptus forests and inland lowland forests. However, millions of years ago, the koala's ancestors lived in the tropical rain forest, and the koala gradually withdrew from its original habitat due to long-term evolution. Wild koalas will only appear in places suitable for their lives, and there are two important factors. One is that koalas must have tree species (including non-eucalyptus species) that they prefer to eat, and have suitable soil and rainfall to ensure their growth. The other is that other koalas have settled here. Studies have shown that even if there are known tree species selected by koalas as food, the stability of koala population cannot be guaranteed unless there are 12 koala-preferred or particularly favorite trees in this area. So that's why it's not a good idea to plant only trees that koalas can eat. It is often a waste of time and energy to neglect planting key tree species in order to restore koala habitat.

Eucalyptus leaves are particularly rich in fiber, especially low in nutrition and very toxic to other animals. In order to adapt to this low-nutrient food, koalas have evolved a very perfect system and mechanism for a long time. Koala's metabolism is very slow, which ensures that food can stay in koala's digestive system for a long time and digest and absorb nutrients in food to the greatest extent. This low and slow metabolic activity also allows koalas to conserve energy and physical strength to the greatest extent. So we will often see koalas sleep 18-22 hours every day! Koalas' digestive system is especially adapted to these eucalyptus leaves containing toxic chemicals. It is generally believed that these toxins are produced by eucalyptus to prevent leaf-eating animals from eating leaves, and the more barren the land where eucalyptus grows, the more toxins are produced, which may be one of the reasons why koalas only eat several kinds of eucalyptus leaves, and sometimes even try their best to avoid living in some eucalyptus forests. The koala's food eucalyptus is also called eucalyptus. Koalas have a special organ for digesting fibers-the intestine. Other animals, such as humans, also have intestines, but compared with koalas' intestines, which are 2 meters long, they are simply not in the same breath. Millions of microbes in the intestine break down the fiber in food into nutrients that koalas can absorb. Nevertheless, only 25% of the food eaten by koalas is digested and absorbed. Because koalas can meet their needs by absorbing water from food, koalas seldom drink water. But in the dry season, the water content of eucalyptus leaves will be greatly reduced, and koalas will drink water when they can't get enough water from eucalyptus leaves. A koala eats about 500 grams of eucalyptus leaves every day, and koala teeth are also very suitable for handling these special foods. Sharp long incisors are responsible for clamping eucalyptus leaves from trees, and molars are responsible for cutting and grinding. The gap between the front teeth and molars enables koala's tongue to effectively mix food balls in its mouth. Koalas are very picky about food, even paranoid. In Australia, there are more than 600 kinds of eucalyptus, but koalas are only interested in several of them. In some areas, koalas even eat only one kind of eucalyptus leaves, sometimes only two or three kinds. Of course, there are also some other kinds of leaves, including non-eucalyptus plants, which are occasionally eaten by koalas in very small quantities, or used as mats or sleeping mats. Different kinds of eucalyptus are distributed in different parts of Australia, so koalas living in Victoria and Queensland may eat completely different kinds of eucalyptus leaves. You can imagine how boring it would be to eat the same food every day, so koalas sometimes try to eat other plants, such as acacia leaves, tea leaves or Melaleuca plants. If koalas are used to eating eucalyptus in a certain place and are not interested in other eucalyptus trees, koalas are very picky about food.

Koalas are very suitable for arboreal life. Although koalas do not have obvious tails like kangaroos and other arboreal marsupials, this does not affect their excellent sense of balance. Koalas are muscular, slender and strong, suitable for climbing among branches and supporting their own weight. The front legs are almost as long as the legs, and the climbing strength mainly comes from the developed thigh muscles. Koalas' claws are especially suitable for grasping and climbing. Rough palm pads and toe pads can help Kao hold the branches tightly, and all limbs have sharp long claws. The forefoot has five fingers, two of which are opposite to the other three fingers, just like human thumb, so it can be held with other fingers, which makes koalas hold objects more safely and confidently. On the sole of the foot, all toes except the big toe have sharp claws, and the second toe is connected with the third toe. When climbing near trees, koalas jump from the ground, grab the bark with their front paws, and then jump up and climb. So when a tree becomes koala's home tree and is often climbed, the scratches left by koala's claws on the bark are very obvious. Another sign that koalas use a tree is that there will be koala feces particles at the bottom of the tree. Whether it is day or night, koalas will naturally assume different sitting and sleeping positions in the safe family tree, and at the same time, they will constantly move their positions on the tree because of avoiding the sun or enjoying the breeze. In hot weather, koalas spread their limbs and sway slightly to keep cool, while in cold weather, they huddle up to keep warm. The koala comes down from the tree in a downward retreat. Koalas often descend to the ground and climb to another tree. At this time, they are often attacked by domestic dogs, foxes and Australian wild dogs, or killed and injured by passing cars. Koalas can swim, but only occasionally. Koalas have thick fur, which helps them keep the temperature constant. And it can also be used as a raincoat when it rains to avoid being attacked by moisture and rain. The koala's fur presents a variety of colors, such as light gray to brown, with white patches on the chest, neck, limbs and inner ear. Adult male koalas have a particularly striking brown aromatic gland in the center of their white chest. The koala's tail is particularly rich in hair. This is because koalas often use it as a cushion, and it is often polluted, so that when koalas fall to the ground with their buttocks facing you, it will be difficult to find it for a while. Adult male koalas generally weigh between 8- 14 kg, and female koalas weigh between 6- 1 1 kg. Koalas distributed in the south are heavier and thicker because they need to adapt to the colder climate. Koalas generally belong to Nocturnal Animals. They are active at night and dusk, because it can save more water and energy consumption than when the temperature is high during the day. Koalas spend an average of 18-22 hours a day sleeping and resting, leaving only 4 hours for eating, activities, personal hygiene and communication with other koalas. In the past, because koalas slept almost all day, people thought koalas were poisoned by eating eucalyptus leaves. Koalas, which are sleepy almost all day, are actually an effective low metabolism adaptation mechanism formed in their long-term evolution to adapt to low-nutrient foods and save energy consumption. The most obvious feature of koalas is a developed nose, which makes koalas have a highly developed sense of smell, and can easily distinguish different kinds of eucalyptus leaves and find out which ones are edible and which ones are poisonous but inedible. Of course, you can also smell the warning smells left by other koalas. Koalas make various sounds to communicate with other koalas. Male koalas mainly show their dominance and desire by roaring, so as to avoid consuming energy in the battle and show their position to other animals. Female koalas don't roar as often as male koalas, but not necessarily. For example, when mating, females will make a quick cry, giving people the feeling that they are fighting each other. There will also be gentle ticking, whistling, gentle humming and snoring between mother koala and baby koala, and gentle snoring will express dissatisfaction with each other. But when koalas are afraid, they will make a sound similar to a baby crying, accompanied by trembling and shaking. Koalas also use the smell produced by their glands to mark trees. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the koala's response is extremely slow, and the reflex arc of this naive little animal seems to be particularly long. Someone tried to pinch the koala with his hand, but it was a long time before the koala screamed loudly, which made the editor feel ashamed. Editing this history of species 45 million years ago, koalas or koala-like animals first began to evolve when the Australian continent broke away from the Antarctic plate and gradually drifted northward. Current fossils prove that koala-like animals existed in the Australian mainland 25 million years ago. In the process of drifting, the climate began to change dramatically, the Australian continent became drier and drier, and plants such as eucalyptus and rubber trees began to change and evolve, and koalas began to rely on these plants. In the 1940s, koalas were once considered extinct.

1788, after Europeans landed on the Australian mainland for the first time, john price became the first European to record koalas. When he entered the blue mountain near Sydney, he described koalas in detail. 18 16, the koala first got its scientific name "phascolarctos cinereus", which means "grey wombat". Later, it was found that koalas were not bears at all, so a member of a mammalian research group called koalas "marsupials" (meaning "marsupials"), that is, animals whose newborn babies were not fully developed and needed to continue to develop in a nursing bag. Today, most marsupials such as koalas are distributed in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In Australia's indigenous language, koala means "don't drink water", although there are many dialects in Australia.

In different versions of colonial materials, koalas are recorded in several different formats, such as

Cullewine, koolewong, Colo, Colah, Koolah, Kaola, Koala, Karbor, Boorabee and goribun, etc. When new colonists entered the Australian mainland, deforestation and reclamation began, and Australian native animals began to lose their habitat. 1924, koalas in southern Australia were extinct, koalas in New South Wales were also close to extinction, and koalas in Victoria were estimated to be less than 500. As a result, the focus of koala fur trading began to shift northward to Queensland. 19 19, the Australian government announced a six-month hunting ban, during which one million koalas were hunted. Although the special season of koala hunting was officially cancelled in 1927, when the ban was cancelled again, more than 800,000 koalas were hunted in just 1 month. 1930, the atrocities of publicly hunting koalas forced the government to declare koalas as protected animals in various States. However, apart from the recent enactment of relevant laws in New South Wales, there is no law to protect the eucalyptus forests on which koalas live and hide. 20 12 On April 30th, Australian Environment Minister Tony Burke announced that the government would list koalas living in eastern New South Wales, Queensland and the Capital Territory as endangered protected animals.

Pay attention to the visit

1. Tourists try to keep quiet. Koalas will panic if tourists make a lot of noise.

2. Koalas are nearsighted, but they are very sensitive to nearby interference and easily angered, so tourists should not knock on the glass and use the flash.

Don't disturb koalas when they sleep.

endangered

The Australian Koala Foundation said this week that koalas may become extinct within a few decades due to various reasons such as human encroachment on their habitats and global warming. In 2006, the Australian Scientific Committee on Endangered Species refused to protect koalas as endangered species, because there were estimated to be millions of koalas at that time. However, according to the latest report, there are only about 43,000 koalas left, so the Committee may formally put the promotion of koalas' rare status on the agenda in 20 10.

According to the latest news from researchers, koalas in Australia will be extinct within 30 years unless urgent action is taken to prevent humans from continuing to invade their habitats. Relevant researchers tell us that with climate change and forest fires, the number of wild koalas is declining sharply. According to the Australian Koala Foundation (AKF), a recent survey shows that the number of wild koalas has dropped by more than half in the past six years due to chlamydia infection. This figure was previously estimated to be more than 654.38+10,000, but the latest calculation shows that the number of wild koalas is only 43,000. These data come from 1800 websites and 80000 eucalyptus trees. 10 years ago, koalas were threatened in an area in northern Queensland. It was estimated that there were about 20 thousand koalas, and the investigation team of 8 people could not find any! According to the foundation, dry weather, deforestation, global warming and other factors have caused the nutritional value of eucalyptus leaves, the main food of koalas, to plummet, leading to malnutrition of koalas. Koalas mainly live in forests in eastern and southern Australia. They are famous for eating only their favorite leaves. Deborah, the foundation's chief spokesperson, said: "We went to the forest where koalas disappeared. There are no koalas there. If we continue to cut down trees, there will be no koalas in Australia. " She hopes that the new data will convince the government and the Scientific Committee on Endangered Species (TSSC) to improve the rare status of koalas. Bob, the chairman of the Committee, said regretfully that it should not be decided by them. Until 20 10, their proposal has not been passed. The rare status of koalas has nothing to do with whether they are the most popular animals in this country. "We believe that many species in the world are full of infinite amorous feelings and charm (koalas are by no means unique)," said Mr. Bush of AFP. "We will give koalas the same attention as Death Viper (an Australian drama cobra). If there is a real threat of extinction, we will consider adding it to the endangered species list according to the specific circumstances/or treat it equally with other animals that want to join the endangered species list. Brisbane Brisbane is the capital of Queensland, Australia and the third largest city in Australia. Because there are many koala-koala reserves here, people also call it "koala capital". Brisbane has fascinating natural scenery, and many kinds of animals and plants live here, especially some animals unique to Australia, which are very close to human beings. In addition, Brisbane has a rich cultural landscape. Visitors to Brisbane can also feel a strong cultural and artistic atmosphere. There are often large musicals and concerts, as well as famous world-class libraries and art galleries. Wildlife Park The safari park consists of the Longbai Koala Reserve and the Australian Wool Paradise.

Longbai Nature Reserve is located at 1 1 km southwest of Brisbane. There are more than 80 kinds of animals and birds native to Australia, among which the cutest koala always holds the trunk tightly with its fat forearms, eats eucalyptus leaves and looks at tourists curiously. The birds here are not afraid of people, and those colorful birds will fly to your hands to eat. Wool paradise is located in the northwest of Brisbane 14 km. Visitors can visit local wool shearing performances and wool spinning techniques. You can also try to milk your own kangaroos and have fun with chubby koalas. We believe that koalas, like other species, such as the gray wolf whose population is declining, should have more differences in the museum samples than the current samples, because the museum samples come from an earlier era. Greenwood said in a statement: "We found that this is not true for koalas. This shows that the decline in genetic diversity of koalas must have happened a long time ago. " /kloc-Europeans who arrived in Australia at the end of 0/8 noticed that koalas were rare, which may be due to the killing of local aborigines. By the middle of19th century, the number of koalas had increased, but then koalas suffered bad luck again. Koala fur has become a fashion item, and hunting has once again pushed this species to the brink of extinction. The loss of living environment and diseases, especially chlamydia, are also threatening koalas. The Australian government listed this species as "vulnerable" and the US government listed it as "threatened". Low genetic diversity means koalas may have to work hard to adapt to changing climatic conditions or new diseases. Greenwood and his colleagues compared the DNA of modern koalas with 14 samples from museums. They mainly study mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited from their mothers. Although the samples of ancient museums come from different regions and different ages, their genetic files are no different from the current samples.

Greenwood said that this means that the loss of genetic diversity of koalas is not recent. He added that this loss of genetic diversity may be traced back to the late Pleistocene, when the giant koala became extinct. The giant koala is about three times the size of the koala now, and it became extinct about 50,000 years ago.

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