What are the active volcanoes in China? Where are they distributed?

Active volcanoes erupted in China since Holocene are known as follows: 1. Wudalianchi volcano in Heilongjiang Province is generally considered to be composed of 14 volcanoes. If Lotus Mountain in the west of the fire-stricken mountain area is counted, Wudalianchi Volcano Group should be composed of 15 volcanoes, with a distribution area of over 800 km2. Laoheishan and Yamakaji erupted less than 300 years ago1719 ~1721,which is the most accurate active volcano in China with historical records and eruption time and place. 2. Jingbo Lake Volcano in Heilongjiang The Holocene volcano in Jingbo Lake in Heilongjiang has 13 craters, all of which are compound volcanoes. It is speculated that the latest activity of the Holocene volcano in Jingbo Lake may be around 1000 years. Judging from the existing volcanic geological and chronological evidence, there is no objection to the Holocene volcanic eruption of Jingbo Lake. 3. Tianchi Volcano in Changbai Mountain, Jilin The Tianchi Volcano in Changbai Mountain is the best preserved Cenozoic multi-genetic composite volcano in China. The main peak, General Peak, is located in North Korea, with an altitude of 2749m m. The volcanic activity of Tianchi volcano has experienced three stages: shield-shaped building (2.77- 1.203Ma in early Pleistocene), cone-shaped building (0/.12-0.04 ma in middle and late Pleistocene) and Holocene eruption. The magma composition of the three stages represents the evolution process from basaltic to trachyte to alkaline fluid (Liu Ruoxin and Fan Qicheng, 1999). Changbai Mountain has erupted many times in history, and the two eruptions of Tianchi volcano at 1668 and 1702 are credible (Cui Zhongxie et al., 1995). According to the study of volcanic geology and 14C chronology, Tianchi volcano has erupted at least twice since Holocene (1 199, about 5000 years ago). The Tianchi volcano erupted in1199 ~1201year, which was the biggest eruption event in the world in recent 2000 years, and the volcanic ash spewed out landed as far as the Sea of Japan and northern Japan. 4. There are more than 160 scattered low volcanic cones in Longgang Volcano Group in Jilin Province, showing the characteristics of explosive eruption with high density and multiple centers. From the west of Jingyu County to the junction of Jingyu and Huinan, the low-level crater (maar) represented by Longwan has become a major landscape of Longgang Volcano Group, among which Dalongwan and triangle longwan have been developed into the only scenic low-level crater tourist attractions in China. In the area surrounded by Longwan, a towering volcanic cone-Jinlong Dingzi volcano rises from the ground. Longgang volcano is one of the few Quaternary volcanoes in China that are still erupting in modern times. 5. Tengchong volcano in Yunnan, the southwest boundary of Tengchong volcano in Yunnan, was recorded by Xu Xiake as 1609 Dayingshan volcano eruption. According to the characteristics of volcanic geology, landform, magmatic evolution and hydrothermal activity, it is generally considered that Heikongshan, Daying Mountain and Maanshan are Holocene volcanoes. There is no evidence of chronology and other related aspects about whether the "mountain fire" recorded in Xu Xiake's travel notes in 1609 is the cause of volcanic eruption. According to the description of Li Genyuan's Biography of Mangshan Mountain, "Tengchong has many volcanoes, recorded in Chenghua, Zhengde, Jiajing and Wanli years (A.D. 1465- 1620)", it shows that there were eruption activities in Tengchong volcanic area hundreds of years ago. Tengchong Volcano Area is the most obvious geothermal display area in China active volcano area. For example, the water temperature in the hot sea area is around 100℃, and hydrothermal activity seems to be increasing in recent years, with many hydrothermal explosions. Microseismic observation shows that there is a magmatic impact earthquake (han xinmin et al., 1996), and seismic sounding profile and magnetotelluric sounding results indicate that there may be information of magma chamber in the crust (Liu Baocheng et al.,1986; Sun Jie et al.1989; Bai Denghai et al.,1994; Querongju 1998), whether these are brewing new eruption risks, we have to pay special attention to the future activities of Tengchong volcano. 6. Ashkule Volcano in Xinjiang Ashkule Volcano Group is located in the West Kunlun Mountain about 120km south of Yutian County, Xinjiang. It consists of more than 10 main volcanoes and dozens of sub-volcanoes, including Xishan Mountain, Ashe Mountain, Daheishan, Wuluke Mountain, Maze Mountain, Crescent Mountain, Yak Mountain, Black Dragon Mountain, Horseshoe Mountain, Dongshan Mountain and Chair Mountain. Almost all of these volcanoes erupt in the center, forming a conical or truncated cone. Most of them were formed in the Quaternary, and the latest one was the volcanic eruption of volcanic ash on May 27th, 195 1 (Liu Jiaqi and Muhammad Yi Ming, 1990). According to the Xinjiang Daily reported on July 5th,1951:"At 9: 50 am on May 27th, a volcanic eruption occurred in Dabanxigou, south of Subhas, Yutian County. When the first explosion happened, I saw a loud bang on a hill, and then smoke came out of the hill like a big column. Then it broke out three times in a row, with an interval of only a few minutes. There was no loud noise, only smoke rose. I saw the volcano smoking again in the next few days ... ". This is also the first report on volcanic eruption since the founding of New China. According to reports and relevant investigation opinions, this volcanic eruption is explosive, and it is agreed that there is no lava overflow. Because dozens of volcanoes here are well preserved, it has been about 50 years since the eruption of 195 1, especially there is no lava flow overflow and no obvious geomorphological signs. Therefore, Deng Wanming (1989) questioned whether Mount Ashe (or volcano 1) was a volcano that erupted on May 27th, 195 1. This gives a big question mark to the latest active volcano in China, indicating that it is not easy to determine the time and place of recorded volcanic eruption in history. 7. Datun Volcano and Kameyama Volcano in Taiwan Province Province The Datun Volcano Group and Kameyama Volcano are located in the northwest and east waters of Taiwan Province Province Island respectively. Datun Volcano Group consists of more than 20 volcanoes of different sizes. Volcanic activity began at 2.8 ~ 2.5 Ma, and the last eruption occurred at about 0.2 ~ 0. 1 Ma. However, the current hydrothermal activity and seismic activity make people worry that the volcano may erupt again. There are at least 16 famous hot springs and some unknown hot springs in the volcanic area, and the surface temperature can reach about 100℃. The strong jet activity in Yangmingshan and the spring flowers on the surface are enough to prove the intensity of hydrothermal activity in Datun volcanic area. Helium isotope tracing shows that helium in Datun volcanic area is mainly gas from magma, which naturally reminds people of the possible existence of underground magma chamber. Near Datun volcanic area, especially in Machao area, microseismic activity is frequent, and the magnitude is often less than 3.0. The earthquake with magnitude 1986 (M ≥ 5) occurred in Zhuhu area of Yangming Mountain, which may be the direct cause of large-scale landslides and mudslides in Machao area after the earthquake. Datun volcano is similar to Yellowstone National Park volcano in the western United States, and its last eruption was 15 ~ 75000 years ago. According to the existing definition, Datun volcano and Huangshi National Park volcano are both "dead" volcanoes, but they have strong surface and underground activities, which are similar to most active volcanoes in the world and are regarded as active volcanoes that may resurface. Guishan Island Volcano is located about 20km northeast of Yilan in the northern part of Taiwan Province Island, on the western edge of sulfur volcano island arc, and is mainly composed of andesite volcanic rocks. The volcanic terrain on the island remains quite complete, and the sulfur injection and hot spring activities after volcanic activity are also quite intense. The andesite breccia collected in the lower part contains the captured timely sandstone blocks. The corresponding thermoluminescence dating is about 7000 years ago, indicating that andesite erupted about 7000 years ago. Due to the lava flow on the volcanic breccia, the last eruption of Guishan Island volcano may be less than 7000 years (Song, 2000). 8. Lei Qiong area of Qiongbei volcano is the largest distribution area of Cenozoic volcanic rocks along the coast of South China. Volcanic activity began in the Early Tertiary and lasted until the Holocene. Volcanic rocks cover an area of 7300km2, and there are 177 recognizable craters, all below 300m above sea level. More than 30 craters in Shishan and Yongxing areas of Quaternary volcanic area in northern Hainan Island are obviously arranged in the northwest direction, forming a typical central volcanic group, which is the latest volcano in Qiongbei.