What are the causes of smog formation? How to deal with smog weather

What does smog mean?

Haze is a general term for fog and haze, but they have different meanings.

Fog is an aerosol system composed of a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the near-surface air, which mostly appears in autumn and winter and is the product of water vapor condensation in the near-surface air.

Haze is a weather phenomenon in which a large number of tiny dust particles, smoke particles or salt particles are suspended in the atmosphere, which makes the air turbid and reduces the horizontal visibility to below 10km.

What is the cause of haze weather?

As a natural phenomenon, smog has three factors.

First, the phenomenon of static wind in the horizontal direction has increased. With the rapid development of urban construction, buildings are built higher and higher, which increases the friction coefficient of the ground and weakens the airflow when passing through the urban area. The increase of static wind phenomenon is not conducive to the diffusion and dilution of atmospheric pollutants to the periphery of urban areas, and it is easy to accumulate high-concentration pollution in urban areas.

The second is the phenomenon of vertical inversion. The inversion layer is like a pot cover over a city, which causes the inversion phenomenon that the temperature at high altitude is higher than that at low altitude. Under normal climatic conditions, pollutants diffuse from low altitude with high temperature to high altitude with low temperature and are gradually discharged into the atmosphere. Under the inversion phenomenon, the low-altitude temperature is lower, which leads to the retention of pollutants and cannot be discharged in time.

The third is the increase of suspended particulate matter. In recent years, with the development of industry, the increase of motor vehicles, the discharge of pollutants and the increase of suspended solids in the city have directly led to the decrease of visibility and made the whole city look gray.

The formation of smog is closely related to the discharge of pollutants. In cities, motor vehicle exhaust and other smoke and dust emission sources emit micron-sized particles, which stay in the atmosphere. When adverse weather such as inversion and still wind appears, smog is formed.

According to research, there are four regions with severe haze weather in China: Huanghuaihai region, Yangtze River basin, Sichuan basin and Pearl River Delta.

Haze weather hazards and protection

Fog or haze is a kind of disastrous weather, which has an important impact on highway, railway, aviation, shipping, power supply system and crop growth. Fog and haze will reduce air quality, affect the ecological environment and bring great harm to human health.

In smoggy weather, bacteria and viruses are often carried in the air, which easily leads to the spread of infectious diseases and many diseases. Urban air pollutants are not easy to diffuse, which aggravates the toxicity of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances and harms human health. When the weather is foggy and hazy in winter, if the air pollution is serious, it can form poisonous fog such as smoke (fog) or black smoke, which seriously threatens people's life and health. Due to the increase of pollutants in the atmosphere caused by human activities, the frequency and intensity of fog and haze in some areas such as industrial areas and urban centers in China are increasing.

Eight ways to deal with smog weather:

First, avoid morning exercises in foggy days. The amount of oxygen needed by the human body increases during morning exercise. With the deepening of breathing, harmful substances in the fog will be inhaled into the respiratory tract, thus endangering health. You can do morning exercises after the sun comes out. You can also switch to indoor sports. Judging from the time when the sun comes out, the better time for outdoor sports in winter is 9 pm.

Second, try to reduce going out. In foggy weather, try to reduce going out. If you have to go out, you'd better wear a mask. For people with allergic asthma, wearing a mask is more important. Masks can prevent some allergens such as dust mites from entering the nasal cavity and play a certain protective role.

Third, patients insist on taking medicine. Patients with respiratory diseases and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should insist on taking medicine on time in foggy days to avoid getting sick; And strengthen self-monitoring, pay attention to the body's feelings and reactions, and seek medical advice in time if you feel unwell.

Tmall us wechat reminds: remember to protect yourself when traveling in foggy days.

Fourth, drink more tung platycodon grandiflorum tea, tung ginseng tea, tung platycodon grandiflorum granules and arhat fruit tea. These herbal teas can prevent and treat throat itching caused by inhaling dirty air in foggy days, and have a good lung moistening effect. Especially in the afternoon, the effect is better. Because the fog is thickest in the morning and almost disappears at noon, people inhale more dust and impurities in the morning, so they can clear their lungs in time when drinking in the afternoon.

Fifth, pay attention to regulating emotions. People who are psychologically fragile and have psychological barriers will feel extremely heavy, nervous and depressed in this weather. Such people should pay attention to emotional adjustment in foggy days. You can watch comedy TV series or listen to cross talk at home to cheer yourself up.

Don't close the window too tightly. There will be kitchen fume pollution and furniture additive pollution at home. If there is no ventilation, dirty indoor air will also damage health. You can choose to open the window for a short time at noon with sufficient sunshine and less pollutants.

Seven, try to stay away from the road. The concentration of pollutants is the highest when large cars enter the city during peak hours and at night.

Eight, calcium, vitamin D, eat more tofu, Sydney. Fish and tofu are people's daily favorite foods. Fish is a kind of "intensive" nutrient, while tofu is homologous to medicine and food, benefiting qi and tonifying deficiency, and its calcium content is also quite high. Vitamin D rich in fish has certain biological activity, which can increase the absorption rate of calcium by more than 20 times. Stewed Baihui in Sydney can achieve the effect of moistening lung and resisting virus, and you can eat more in foggy days.