There is an argumentative essay material about the cards in your hand that are dealt by God. You cannot choose, but you can choose how to play the deck of cards.

Dwight David Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969, 79 years old) The 34th President of the United States (January 20, 1953 - January 20, 1957, January 20, 1957 - January 20, 1961). During World War II, he served as the Allied Forces in Europe The supreme commander; during World War II, the soldiers in the army called him Ike. Responsible for the planning, execution and supervision of the offensive against Vichy France and Nazi Germany from 1944 to 1945. In 1951, he served as Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's armed forces[1]. In the history of the US military, Eisenhower is a legendary figure full of drama. He has won many firsts. The US military has awarded 10 five-star generals. He is the "fastest" to be promoted; he is the "first poor"; he is the first person to lead the largest battle in the US military; he is the first to serve in the North Atlantic Treaty Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces; he is the first retired senior general of the US military to serve as president of Columbia University.

Chinese name Dwight David Eisenhower

Foreign name Dwight David Eisenhower

Nationality American

Ethnic Germanic

Birthplace: Denison, Texas, USA

Date of birth: October 14, 1890 (Year of Gengyin)

Date of death: 1969 (Year of Jiyou) ) March 28

Professional politician

Graduated from West Point Military Academy

Belief in Christianity

Main achievements: Battle of Sicily, Normandy landing

Elected and re-elected as President of the United States

Twice named Time Magazine’s Person of the Year

Army Distinguished Service Medal (5 medals)

Expand the French Legion of Honor

Representative works "Expedition to Europe", "Ordered to Change", "Making Peace", "Leisurely Words"

Military Rank Army Five-Star General

< p>Spouse Mary Giovanni Eisenhower

Blood type O

In 1911, he was admitted to the U.S. Naval Academy, but was not admitted because he was overage. Later, he was recommended by the state senator and was admitted to the U.S. Naval Academy. Entered the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1915 and received the rank of second lieutenant, and went to serve in San Antonio, Texas.

Promoted to major in 1916.

Graduated from the Army Tank School in 1921 and founded the first tank training camp of the U.S. Army.

In 1922, he was transferred to the staff officer of the 20th Infantry Brigade stationed in Panama. Recruited to the Army Command and Staff College for training.

Graduated from the Army Command and Staff College in 1926 with first place in the school.

In 1927-1928, Eisenhower studied at the Army War College.

In 1929, Eisenhower went to work in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army.

In 1933, he served as assistant to Army Chief of Staff MacArthur.

From 1935 to 1939, he served as a senior assistant to Philippine military adviser MacArthur.

In 1936, Eisenhower was promoted to lieutenant colonel.

He returned to China at the end of 1939 and served as the logistics planning officer of the U.S. Western Military District Command.

In February 1940, he was transferred to the 15th Infantry Regiment in California and was promoted to chief of staff of the 3rd Division in November.

In March 1941, he was promoted to Chief of Staff of the 9th Army. In June, he served as chief of staff of the 3rd Army and was promoted to brigadier general. In December, Eisenhower was recalled to Washington and served as deputy director of the War Planning Office. Soon the planning office was promoted to the Office of Operations, and he was appointed director of the Office of Operations. A few weeks later, he was promoted to major general.

In May 1942, Marshall ordered Eisenhower to go to the United Kingdom for an on-the-spot investigation and set up a U.S. military command post in the United Kingdom to make suggestions for future implementation plans. In June, after he returned to Washington to submit his inspection report "Instructions to the Commander of the European Theater", President Roosevelt accepted Marshall's opinion and appointed Eisenhower as the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Army's European Theater in London. In July, Eisenhower was promoted to lieutenant general.

In July 1942, in view of the successive setbacks of the British Army in North Africa and the US Army in the Far East and Churchill's strong support, the United States and Britain decided to launch the North African Campaign. In August, Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces to implement the North African invasion. On November 8, Eisenhower led 100,000 American and British coalition forces to land in the French North African colonies in three groups.

In January 1943, US President Roosevelt came to North Africa, reviewed the landing of US troops, and held the Casablanca Conference with British Prime Minister Churchill from the 14th to the 26th. In February, Eisenhower obtained the rank of general, the highest military rank at the time, and became commander-in-chief of the Allied Forces in North Africa and the Mediterranean.

From June to August 1943, he commanded the Sicily Campaign.

In November 1943, the Tehran Conference decided to open a second battlefield in Europe in 1944. After the conference, Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces to command Operation Overlord.

In mid-January 1944, Eisenhower arrived in London and established the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Force.

From June to August 1944, he organized the "Overlord" combat operation and commanded the Battle of Normandy.

On September 1, 1944, Eisenhower moved his headquarters to France and formally took over the command of the ground forces from Montgomery, organizing and directing the Allied operations to capture Germany. After the end of World War II, Eisenhower served as commander of the U.S. occupation forces in Germany.

He returned to China in 1945 and served as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army.

Retired in 1948 and served as president of Columbia University.

In 1950, he served as Supreme Commander of the NATO Armed Forces in France.

Retired from the military in 1952 and participated in the presidential campaign.

Served as the 34th President of the United States in 1953.

After taking office in 1953, the "Korean Armistice Agreement" was signed.

Was re-elected in 1956.

In 1957, the "Eisenhower Doctrine" was proposed in an attempt to control the Middle East.

In January 1957, Eisenhower proposed in his "Special Message on Middle East Policy" to Congress that Congress would authorize the president to implement a "military assistance and cooperation plan" in the Middle East and use it as an excuse to deal with "***" "Communist aggression" and the use of US armed forces in the Middle East; an additional US$400 million will be allocated within two years to provide economic "aid" to Middle Eastern countries. This resolution was passed by the U.S. Congress on March 7. On March 9, Eisenhower signed what became known as the "Eisenhower Doctrine."

Zhu Xuanxian’s cartoons about Eisenhower (3 pictures)

In 1959, with the death of Secretary of State Dulles, the Eisenhower Doctrine was eclipsed.

On March 28, 1969, Eisenhower died of illness in Washington at the age of 79. (Attachment: In the 1950s, in response to the "Eisenhower Doctrine", Chinese artist Zhu Xuanxian created current affairs cartoons such as "Eisenhower Doctrine", "Dangerous Merchandisers" and "Colonialists' New Works - Eisenhower Doctrine", reflecting

2 Biographies

Editor

Summary

Dwight· Dwight David Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890 in Denison, Texas, USA. His father was a dairy worker and he was the third of seven children. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1915, ranking 61st in his class when he graduated, and only received the rank of sergeant major. He later served in the 19th Infantry Division in St. Anthony, Texas, with the rank of second lieutenant.

Photos of joining the army

In 1925, he studied at the Staff School and the Army Military Academy. From 1929 to 1932, he served as special assistant to the Secretary of War.

Served as assistant to Chief of Staff MacArthur from 1933 to 1939. After the United States entered World War II in December 1941, he served as director of the Combat Planning Division under Marshall and was promoted to major general. In 1942, he successively served as the commander of the US military in the European battlefield and the commander of the Allied forces in the North African battlefield, and was promoted to lieutenant general and general. In 1944, he was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He successfully planned and commanded the Normandy landing campaign, which opened the second battlefield for the Allied forces in Europe, and was promoted to a five-star general. In 1945, he succeeded George Marshall as Army Chief of Staff.

Retired in February 1948 and served as president of Columbia University until 1953 (but has been absent since 1950 to serve as NATO commander).

In 1952, he ran for president as the Republican presidential candidate and won, becoming the 34th president of the United States. He ran again and won the election in 1956 and was re-elected as president.

Died of heart disease in Washington on March 28, 1969. [2]

Eisenhower (20 photos)

Poor boy

Eisenhower’s childhood photos

Eisenhower’s ancestors were Germans. Emigrated to the United States in 1732. His family originally resided in Pennsylvania, beginning with his grandfather in 1878, settling in Abilene, Kansas. My grandfather was a devout missionary. In addition to managing his family's farm, he preached and preached every day.

Eisenhower’s father was weak, indecisive, and had no achievements in his career. When he was in college, he married his classmate Miss Ida Leconton. After graduation, his business went bankrupt and he went to Denison, Texas to find another career. Soon his wife and two sons came here to reunite with him, and a year later Eisenhower was born here. Later the family returned to their hometown of Abilene. My mother's personality is completely different from my father's. She was smart and capable, and she was very strict with her seven sons, and often encouraged them to work hard in a difficult environment. Later, all seven brothers, except the fifth who died in childhood, all achieved success in their careers. The eldest, Arthur, became a banker, the second, Edgar, was a lawyer, the fourth, Roy, was a drug dealer, the sixth, Paul, became an engineer, and the seventh, Milton, became the president of a university. Eisenhower ranked third and became President of the United States.

They all attribute their achievements to their mother's nurturing.

Eisenhower was born on October 14, 1890, and his nickname was Ike. This name lasted his whole life. When he was a child, he was naughty and aggressive, didn't study hard, dressed slovenly, and didn't care about the ridicule of his classmates. After school, I often go out to do odd jobs or help my mother with work. After he entered middle school in 1904, he did not make much progress in his studies, but his grades in physical education were outstanding and he was an outstanding center on the school football team. Due to his superb skills, he also served as a professional football player for a period of time. Among the various subjects, English is good and history is the best. He is good at memorizing dates and is particularly interested in anecdotes about famous people. His classmates all thought he might become a history teacher in the future, but no one thought he would become a soldier.

Military Career

Eisenhower entered the military by accident. After graduating from high school, he met a friend named Hazlitt, who strongly encouraged Eisenhower to apply for military school with him. Eisenhower believed that the military academy was publicly funded and he had the opportunity to play football, so he readily agreed. In 1911, he applied to both West Point and the Annapolis Naval Academy, and was admitted to both. Since he was over the age for admission to the Naval Academy, he entered West Point.

West Point Military Academy is the cradle of cultivating military talents in the United States and has produced many famous generals. The graduates of Ike's class are shining brightly. 56 of the 168 graduates were promoted to generals, so they are called the "class of stars." During his four years at West Point, Eisenhower's academic performance was mediocre and his conduct performance was very poor. He often violated school rules and received several demerits. But his skills are outstanding and he is the best center on the West Point football team. When he graduated from West Point in 1915, he was 25 years old and the oldest student in his class. After graduation, he was assigned to work in the 19th Infantry Division in St. Anthony, Texas, with the rank of second lieutenant.

Not long after he arrived, he met Miss Mamie Dodd at a friend's family dinner. The two fell in love at first sight and got married the next year. She is the daughter of a wealthy businessman. She has been pampered since she was a child and does not know how to do housework. However, she has a gentle temperament. After marriage, she strives to adapt to the monotonous and difficult life in the army. A year later they gave birth to a boy, but the boy died of illness at the age of three. Later, John was born, their only child.

Due to the war, many classmates went to France to fight in the war, but he was left in the country to engage in training and went to work in San Antonio, Texas. Promoted to major in 1916. On July 7, 1920, Eisenhower's permanent military rank was that of major. After graduating from the Army Tank School in 1921, he founded the U.S. Army's first tank training camp. In 1922 Eisenhower transferred to the Panama Canal Zone to work under Major General Fox Connor, helping him with official duties. General Connor often told Eisenhower military history and discussed military and international issues with him, which greatly increased Eisenhower's interest in military affairs. In 1925, due to Connor's encouragement, he went to the Staff School to study and graduated first in the school in 1926. Because of his excellent grades, he was recommended to the Army Warfare University for further study. After graduating in 1928, the government established a "War Memorials Investigation Committee" in order to collect and organize information on the United States' combat operations in Europe during World War I, and appointed him to participate. His task was to compile a "field manual." During the compilation process, he collected detailed information on the strategy, tactics and military maneuvers of the American Expeditionary Force, and successfully compiled it six months later, which was appreciated by General John Joseph Pershing, chairman of the committee.

In 1929, Eisenhower was assigned to work in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the War. In February 1933, he was transferred to Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur to help draft documents and write reports. In 1935, MacArthur went to the Philippines as a military adviser and he served as his assistant. Eisenhower was easy-going and not as arrogant as MacArthur. He often played bridge with Philippine President Manuel Luis Quezon, and the two had a good relationship. Quezon expressed his willingness to hire him to hold an important position in the Philippines with a high salary, but later he returned to the United States in 1939 because he had stayed abroad for a long time and had no hope of promotion.

After returning to China, he served as lieutenant colonel and chief of staff of the Third Army Division. In 1941, he was promoted to colonel of the Ninth Army. In a major military exercise, he performed well and commanded well, and was highly praised by the military circles. Notice. After the major exercise, he was transferred to the chief of staff of the Third Army and promoted to brigadier general.

Photos of people (14 photos)

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the US military base at Pearl Harbor. On the 8th, the United States declared war on Japan and all Axis powers, and World War II broke out. On the fifth day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Marshall called Eisenhower to return to Washington immediately. This is certainly related to Eisenhower's familiarity with military issues in the Philippines and the Pacific region, but more importantly, he has rich experience in staff work. He first served as deputy director of the War Planning Department. Soon the planning department was promoted to the Department of Operations, and then appointed director of the Department of Operations. A few weeks later, he was promoted to major general. This was the beginning of his long-term cooperation with Marshall at the headquarters. At this time, although Eisenhower was not qualified to participate in high-level meetings on allied strategic issues, he was able to guide global strategic actions from the perspective of the supreme commander on behalf of U.S. interests. Eisenhower noticed that while the attention of the U.S. government and opposition parties was focused on the Pacific battlefield, Roosevelt and Marshall gave priority to the European battlefield.

He agreed with this strategic view. In March 1942, he and the staff of the War Office proposed the basic idea of ??how to conduct the war: concentrate a large number of U.S. troops in Britain, and refuse to break them into pieces and use them in any peripheral areas. During the attack, it should gain air superiority over Europe, then cross the Channel from Britain and aim directly at France and Germany. Although the British agree in principle with this basic assumption, they have different opinions on many specific issues.

Landing in North Africa

Before this, he had never commanded a single operation. However, his first major mission after taking office was an immediate success, and the landing of the British and American coalition forces in North Africa went smoothly. This proves that Marshall has a unique vision. Eisenhower also became famous. Eisenhower demonstrated outstanding military, political, and diplomatic talents in commanding the Allied forces in operations in North Africa, Sicily, and Italy, and in achieving cooperation with the Allies, and was known as a "soldier, statesman, and diplomat." He is firm, decisive, magnanimous and has full trust in his subordinates. Brooke, Montgomery and others once looked down on Eisenhower and even made some harsh criticisms from time to time. However, he was still magnanimous and worked hard to make British-American cooperation a reality. On November 8, 1942, Eisenhower led 100,000 American and British forces to land in the French North African colonies in three groups. Under the cover of powerful air force, they captured Algiers, Oran and Casablanca in Morocco. Then it advanced westward, forming a pincer attack from the east and west against the German and Italian forces retreating into Tunisia.

Ignoring possible political criticism, Eisenhower decided to recognize Admiral Darlan of the French Vichy government in North Africa as the supreme commander of France in the region, thus avoiding resistance and accelerating the Allied invasion of North Africa. progress. At the end of 1942, when he failed in the Battle of Kesselring Pass, he remained unwavering and took timely measures to send General Patton to replace the incompetent 2nd Army Commander Friedenda. In late March 1943, the US-British coalition forces, under the command of Eisenhower, launched a general offensive in southern Tunisia. After more than 20 days of fierce fighting, the German and Italian troops were driven to northern Tunisia. The decisive battle began on April 20. On May 6 and 7, the American and British coalition forces broke through the enemy's defenses, landed on the coast, and occupied the city of Tunis. At the same time, American troops attacking in the north captured Bizerte. The German and Italian troops were in a dilemma. They could not retreat, and all 250,000 people surrendered on May 13. At this point, all fascist troops in Africa have been eliminated.

Eisenhower prepared to attack Sicily and immediately began making plans for the Italian campaign. Ignoring the opinions of his staff, he believed that the garrison on the island of Panterella, which lay between Sicily and North Africa, must first surrender. In early June, about 300 tons of bombs fell on the island, which covers an area of ??about 50 square kilometers, kicking off the Battle of Sicily. There were 1,000 ships participating in this battle, and 150,000 people landed. In order to be close to the battle site, Eisenhower arrived in Malta on July 7. Everything was ready for the landing campaign, but sudden changes in weather and strong winds and waves were extremely detrimental to naval and air force operations. Many staff members requested that the landing date be changed. Eisenhower remained unmoved and insisted that the Allies proceed as planned. On the night of July 9, the British 8th Army commanded by Montgomery and the US 7th Army commanded by Patton began landing and airborne operations. On August 17, the Allied forces captured Messina and occupied the entire island, thus ending the Sicilian Campaign. The Allies suffered about 23,000 casualties and missing persons; the German and Italian troops suffered 32,000 casualties, 135,000 were captured, and another 100,000 retreated to Italy.

Expedition to Europe

At the Tehran Conference that began in November 1943, the United States and Britain once again made it clear their determination to open a second battlefield in Europe in 1944. The Soviet Union hoped to determine this as soon as possible. Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces. After the meeting, Eisenhower was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces to command Operation Overlord.

With the approval of the U.S.-British Joint Chiefs of Staff Conference, Eisenhower appointed Ted as deputy commander, Smith as chief of staff, Bradley as commander of U.S. ground forces, Montgomery as commander of British ground forces, and Ramsey as navy. Commander, Leigh Mallory is the Air Force Commander.

Eisenhower

According to the system designed by Eisenhower, the above-mentioned service commanders have dual roles: on the one hand, the service commanders are members of the Supreme Command and participate in the formulation of plans by the Supreme Command; On the other hand, service commanders are the commanders who direct specific operations throughout military operations and have their own headquarters. In order to gain air superiority over Normandy, Eisenhower placed the tactical and strategic air forces in Britain completely under his control. He increased the first landing force from three divisions to five divisions, leaving other details to Montgomery and Bradley, while he focused on issues he considered more important. Eisenhower realized that the issue of air superiority was crucial and the most difficult issue. He demanded that the British air force should be under his control for the Battle of Normandy. This decision was opposed by Commander Harris of the British Strategic Air Force, which made Eisenhower, who was always cautious and amiable, very angry. He announced on March 23: "If this problem cannot be solved satisfactorily, I will submit my resignation." The British Chief of Staff had to agree to put the strategic air force under the command of Eisenhower. The U.S. Air Force and the air forces of other relevant countries have also made similar arrangements. Then he made an agreement with the French to endure losses.

In this way, the problem of air superiority was solved by Eisenhower. As early as March 1943, the Allies established a joint staff organization in London to study and formulate European war plans. The "Overlord" operational outline that Eisenhower presided over based on the original plan included: landing on the coast of Normandy and breaking through the enemy

Eisenhower was twice elected Time's Man of the Year (2 photos)

< p> Army's defensive position; use two army groups to carry out a broad frontal pursuit, focusing on obtaining necessary ports on the left wing, advancing to the German border and threatening the Ruhr, while the right wing must connect with the forces attacking France from the south; acquire Belgium, Burundi Brittany and the ports on the Mediterranean in order to establish new bases along the western border of the German zone of occupation; launch a final offensive along the lines of enveloping the Ruhr on two flanks, again focusing on the left wing, followed by a direct thrust into Germany in the specific direction decided at the time ;The launch date of the attack was set as June 5, 1944. At the same time, the Allied forces concentrated in the United Kingdom stepped up their efforts to conduct coordinated combat drills focusing on amphibious landing operations. A considerable number of landing craft, special tanks, etc. were gradually equipped with troops; the air force was frequently dispatched to severely damage the German Air Force, gain air supremacy, and isolate the assault zone. ; The intelligence department obtained German intelligence through "super" and "magic" deciphering agencies, while the meteorological department paid close attention to climate change; it began to build artificial ports and breakwaters, lay oil pipelines through the strait, and adopt military deception measures to make the German High Command judge Mistakes. On the eve of the implementation of Operation Overlord, the Allied forces concentrated 38 divisions (2.87 million), more than 5,000 tanks, more than 9,000 ships, and more than 13,000 aircraft in the British Army. Rundstedt's German Western Front forces in a defensive position (administering Rommel's Army Group B and Blaskowitz's Army Group G) had 59 divisions; Speller's 3rd Air Force and The naval group on the Western Front commanded by Crank was obviously weak. Inexplicably, Rundstedt and Rommel were severely restricted: they had no authority to issue orders to Speller or Krank; they had no authority to mobilize any armored divisions without the approval of the High Command; the area and defense of combat operations The area under the jurisdiction of all Army units in coastal areas shall not exceed 20 miles in depth. In addition, there were also major differences in defense plans between Rundstedt, Rommel and the High Command. On June 4, at the Allied Operations Conference, Eisenhower decisively decided to change the attack launch date to June 6 based on changes in the climate situation. In the early morning of June 6, 1944. Operation "Overlord" began. The coalition paratroopers and airlift troops first began to land in Normandy, followed by artillery bombing by the navy and air force. At 6:30, 120,000 people from five divisions carried by more than 4,000 warships attacked the Normandy under the guidance of fire cover from the navy and air force and the guidance of special tanks. An attack was launched on the beaches of Normandy, and the initial victory was achieved by late night, and the landing was successful. During the battle for the beachhead, the Allies (Montgomery's 21st Army Group, which governed the U.S. 1st Army and the British 2nd Army) mainly used fierce fighting to consolidate and expand the landing site. In July, after the Allied forces captured Cherbourg and Gangcheng, the landing site was expanded to a zone with a frontal width of 100 kilometers and a depth of more than 50 kilometers. From July 25th to 30th, the US military's "Cobra" campaign achieved a breakthrough in the German defense line. On August 1, the 12th Army Group (comprising the 1st and 3rd U.S. Army) commanded by Bradley was formed. Subsequently, the U.S. military swept across Brittany. After the Allied forces defeated the Mortain counterattack, they discovered that they could form an encirclement of the German forces in Falaise. Eisenhower ordered the implementation of operations to encircle and annihilate the German army. Since August 8, the Allied forces have surrounded Falaise from the north, west and south through mobile forces. By the 20th, the Germans had captured 50,000 prisoners and killed 10,000. The Battle of Normandy ended with the Germans losing about 400,000 people and the Allies losing about 210,000. On August 25, Allied forces liberated Paris.

Brilliant achievements

In March 1945, Eisenhower and Montgomery disagreed on the main direction of the Allied assault. Montgomery advocated a rapid assault on Berlin and captured Berlin before the Soviet army; Eisenhower believed that The main assault directions were Leipzig and Dresden (considering that the Soviet army was much closer to Berlin than the Allies, the Yalta Conference stipulated that Berlin was in the Soviet-occupied area and the Soviet Union must be enlisted to participate in the war against Japan), so the Soviet Union was notified accordingly to coordinate actions. On May 2, the Soviet army captured Berlin. German representatives went to the Allied headquarters in Reims, France, to negotiate a surrender. On May 7th and 8th, German representatives signed Germany's unconditional surrender in Reims and Berlin. Eisenhower's main wartime activity was to organize, coordinate and direct Allied operations, and joint Allied operations were a prominent feature of this war. Eisenhower achieved success with his good military qualities, rich theoretical knowledge, and superb commanding skills. In August, the Allied "Anvil-Dragoon" operation began. In September, the Allied forces that implemented the "Overlord" and "Anvil-Dragoon" operations successfully reunited. Devers' 6th Army Group became under Eisenhower.

Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe

Before and after this, the US military liberated Chalons, Reims, Verdun and other places and forcibly crossed the Meuse River, while the British army liberated Amiens , Lille and Brussels. Eisenhower decided that the Allies should adopt a "broad frontal strategy", which would prevent the German army from looking at each other and accelerate its collapse. On the 4th, Eisenhower ordered the troops north of the Ardennes to occupy Antwerp, break through the Siegfried Line, and then seize the Ruhr area; the troops south of the Ardennes must break through the Siegfried Line, and then seize Frankfurt. After the British army captured Antwerp, the Allied forces were blocked in front of the Siegfried Line.

On the 12th, Eisenhower was promoted to five-star general. On December 16, 1944, the German army launched a counterattack in the Ardennes region (commonly known as the Battle of the Bulge) in an attempt to capture Liege and Antwerp and force the United States and Britain to agree to peace talks. The German army started from the St. Vitus area and attacked westward to the south of the U.S. 1st Army. Finally we arrive in Durant on the Maas River. At the same time, the German army implemented the "Greif Plan". Form an English-speaking company, put on U.S. military uniforms, and break into the U.S. military defense zone to create chaos. On the 17th, Eisenhower made a correct judgment on the situation and took corresponding measures. On the 19th, Eisenhower held a combat meeting and decided that the Allied forces on the northern side should be on the defensive first and wait to switch to the offensive; the Allied forces on the southern side should attack north as soon as possible. The Allied forces on the southern side launched an attack on the 22nd, forcing the German army to switch from offensive to defensive; the Allied forces on the northern side did not launch an offensive until January of the following year. In January 1945, the Allied forces joined forces and drove the German troops past the initial defense line. In the Battle of the Bulge, the Allies suffered 77,000 casualties and the Germans suffered 120,000 casualties. After breaking through the Siegfried Line. The Allied forces captured the Saarland, drove the German troops across the Rhine, and seized the Ludendorff Bridge in the Remagen area. They then controlled the east bank of the Rhine and encircled the Ruhr on two wings. On April 18, German Army Group B (more than 320,000 people) surrendered.

He is easy-going and has no airs about a general. He likes to be with soldiers and does not care about red tape. During the war, he often visited his subordinates at the forward positions to understand the situation and help solve problems. Soldiers said he was a "reasonable boss" and reporters praised him as a "civilian general." After Germany surrendered, he flew back to Washington from Europe in June 1945. He was warmly welcomed by tens of thousands of people at the airport. He went directly from the airport to the White House to receive the Distinguished Service Medal from President Truman.

Running for President

After the end of World War II, Eisenhower served as the commander of the U.S. occupation forces in Germany. He returned to the country in 1945 and succeeded Marshall as the United States

Eisenhower was sworn in as Army Chief of Staff

. He was mainly busy with the demobilization of the troops, but he believed that the international situation at that time was just an "armed truce" and advocated that the United States should continue to maintain a large army and implement widespread military training. 1948 was a turning point in his life. He resigned as Chief of Staff of the Army, ended his nearly 40-year military career, and accepted the invitation of Columbia University to serve as the president of the school. Many people were surprised when a professional soldier became president of the university. As far as he is concerned, he does not stay in the military to hold high-level positions, and has turned down many high-paying offers from large companies. He has his own longer-term plans. At that time, Eisenhower's reputation was quite high, and there was a strong domestic demand for him to become president. An opinion poll in 1947 showed that both parties would nominate him as the party's presidential candidate as long as he was willing. Considering that he had no deep roots in politics and business, Eisenhower stated that he had no intention of entering politics, but there were forces supporting him. Increases rather than decreases. The forces supporting him are well-established. According to an American magazine, large financial groups such as Rockefeller, Morgan, Society and Mellon all took a fancy to him because his post-war policy propositions of military expansion, war preparation, and outward expansion were in line with the interests of large financial groups. The first person to recommend him was Thomas John Watson, general manager of International Business Machines Corporation. This man is very influential in the American financial community and has served as a director of the Morgan Guarantee Trust Company. Also supporting him were Aldridge, the head of the Rockefeller syndicate and chairman of Chase Bank, and Perkins, chairman of Equitable Life Insurance Company. Watson was a director of the Columbia University Board of Trustees. In order to give Eisenhower a "civilian" status, he personally directed the scene in which the general became president.

Eisenhower spent his whole life with the military and had no connection with the education world. He only attended a military school and never entered a formal university. Some newspapers ridiculed him as the first president of Columbia University who had "no idea". He also held the title of presidential adviser at the time and was often called to Washington to discuss state affairs, so he spent little time in school. It was rare for professors to see him, and there were many complaints about this. But he was the principal only for "name purpose" and did not receive a salary from the school, so he paid no attention to those complaints. However, he relied on his social status and influence to raise a lot of money for the school. He likes to go to the school gymnasium to watch students’ football games and sometimes play with them. The students all like him and say, “The past principals were all sanctimonious scholars and did not talk to us in our language like Ike did. ". In the fall of 1948 his Great War memoir Crusaders in Europe was published and became the best-selling nonfiction book of the year.

In December 1950, Truman appointed him as the commander-in-chief of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization European Allied Forces. Eisenhower resumed his military duties, took a "long leave" from Columbia University, and moved his family to France. In this way, the distance between him and the school is further. A professor said, "Eisenhower's influence on Columbia University was zero. During his tenure, the school effectively had no president."

While Eisenhower was in office in Europe, his supporters continued to create public opinion at home. Use the newspapers, radio stations and other public opinion tools they control to vigorously promote him. Some capitalists with connections to international finance, especially those with close ties to Western Europe, were particularly active in the movement to support Eisenhower. As the election year approaches, the competition between the two parties has gradually reached a climax. Because Eisenhower did not belong to any party, he became the target of competition between the two parties.

He felt that after three years of business, the time had come, so he resigned from the military again in May of that year and returned to China to participate in the presidential campaign.

The domestic political and economic situation at that time was not good. Because Truman plunged the United States into the Korean War, taxes increased and the cost of living increased. The post-war "economic prosperity" no longer existed. The people were dissatisfied with the government and put Hope is pinned on the *** and the party. After several secret discussions behind the scenes, Eisenhower joined the Communist Party and the Party. In July of the same year, he was nominated as a presidential candidate at the National Congress held by the Communist Party of China.

In the fierce election campaign, his supporters took advantage of the people's mentality of worshiping "heroes" and vigorously promoted his "great achievements" in World War II. His promise to stop the Korean War also had great appeal to voters. So even though Stevenson, the Democratic presidential candidate, repeatedly criticized him for having no political experience, lacking a "profound understanding" of the international situation, and not having the wisdom and ability to serve as president, he still won the election, ending the 20-year Democratic rule. situation. In 1956, he was re-elected and presided over the White House for eight years.