Why is there no heating in the south? What are the difficulties in southern heating?

For southern students, heating should be regarded as a wish from childhood to adulthood, but in recent years, southern heating has not been put on the agenda. Some students from the south say that winter depends on a healthy atmosphere. In recent years, with the development of social economy, the "north-south heating dispute" has actually evolved into a "centralized and decentralized" heating mode dispute.

The phrase "the north doesn't understand the cold in the south" is popular all over the country. Compared with the extreme temperature of tens of degrees below zero in the north, the daily average temperature in the south also began to wander around zero. But because northerners have heating protection, even if there is snow outside, the room can still be warm and harmonious. This makes the warmth basically wrapped, and the heating basically depends on the trembling southerners: we also need to install heating!

South: More than 90% urban households are equipped with heating equipment, and the heating methods are diversified.

"I am a wolf in the north, but I was frozen into a dog in the south." This joke, which is widely circulated on the Internet, is a long-standing impression of many northerners on the winter in the south.

However, Jiang Yi, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, disclosed that the survey found that the heating methods in South China have become increasingly diversified in recent years, and more than 90% urban households are equipped with heating equipment, including steam heating, ground source heat pump technology heating, or household independent heating equipment such as radiators, floor heating, air conditioners and oil heaters. Of course, due to different equipment, the heating effect is also different.

According to the research report of Tsinghua University Building Energy Conservation Research Center, not all southern cities have heating demand, but the areas designated by the state as "hot in summer and cold in winter" include Shanghai, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan. The indoor temperature in winter in these provinces is much lower than that in central heating in northern cities.

The reporter's investigation found that the above areas have started heating services in recent years. Compared with the north, the scale and form are scattered, but many people have lived a relatively "warm winter". In Changsha City, Hunan Province, citizen Dong Ying used a gas wall-hung boiler to keep warm. Some of her neighbors use air conditioning and some use floor heating. Dong Ying said, "My house is 90 square meters, and it usually takes four months every year. There are old people at home, so it is open 24 hours a day. The gas fee is about 1500 yuan, which is not expensive and very warm. "

Although the south is dominated by decentralized heating, some cities are gradually exploring "central heating". In 2006, Wuhan, Hubei Province started the project of "warm in winter and cool in summer", which benefited tens of thousands of families by laying a perfect urban heating network; The Regulations on Energy Conservation in Jiangsu Province promulgated on 20 10 stipulates: "Local people's governments at or above the county level shall carry out urban thermal planning and promote cogeneration. ............................................................................................................................

The relevant person in charge of Anhui Hefei Thermal Power Group said that overall, the "central heating" in the south is mainly residential areas and some public buildings, which is still "decentralized" compared with the north. Because of this, the service means are more flexible. The group announced on 15 that users who need to use heating in advance can apply for heating before the local legal heating time 12.5. "We stare at the weather forecast and apply for heating when cold air comes." Lu Feng, a resident of Hefei Newspaper Park Community, said.

Jiang Yi said that it is understandable that some people call for central heating in the south like in the north, but there may be misunderstandings. First, I think central heating is a "welfare" with subsidies. In fact, most of the heating costs in the north are also paid by individuals themselves; The second is that central heating is convenient and warm. In fact, uneven cold and heat and environmental problems are plaguing the people in the north. What's more, the energy types, climate and living habits in the south are completely different from those in the north.

The cost is getting more and more every year. Liu Rong, deputy general manager of Beijing Thermal Power Group, said.

In order to solve this "infinite cycle", Beijing Heating Group focused on old residential areas, low-temperature areas and key areas that are not hot in the early trial heating, and strived to solve the problem of not heating as soon as possible; At the same time, relevant departments are negotiating with the social credit information system, or maliciously defaulting on warm fees will be included in the personal credit information system.

The reporter found that with the increase of extreme weather in the south and the improvement of people's quality of life requirements, all walks of life have reached a * * * understanding of "southern heating", and the focus of current debate is actually how to heat. In order to compare centralized and decentralized heating methods, we can calculate "three accounts" first.

The first is the "economic account" of the people. Traditional central heating is charged by area, and heating time, heating temperature and even whether it is used at home must be paid according to the same standard, which is also the biggest "spit point" for ordinary people.

Ms. Li, who lives in Erqi, told reporters that her house covers an area of 140 square meters. If central heating is used, according to the standard of 30 yuan per square meter, the annual heating cost is 4,200 yuan. She and her family choose a wall-hung boiler to keep warm. When they are on a business trip, they turn it off when they are warm and turn it off when they are cold. The temperature is suitable, about one year 1600 yuan.

The second is the "governance account" of the environment. In recent years, the smog index has soared in the heating season in the north. In order to reduce coal pollution, the north requires the use of high-quality coal, and Beijing has completely changed from coal to gas. However, many people in the industry, such as Liu Rong, pointed out that compared with coal burning, gas-fired boilers reduce dust and carbon dioxide, but the emissions of nitrogen oxides are still large, and nitrogen oxides are an important cause of smog.

Jiang Yi said that both coal and gas will inevitably cause pollution under the central heating mode. It is suggested that qualified cities use more "household equipment" such as gas wall-hung boilers. In Beijing Huilongguan and other areas, almost all new residential areas have installed gas wall-hung boilers. Tsinghua University Building Energy Conservation Research Center found that the use of household equipment is more autonomous and produces less emissions.

The third is the country's "energy account". The reporter learned that there are three main aspects of energy loss in central heating, one is the heat loss of pipe network, especially long-distance transportation, the other is the heat loss of buildings, and the third is the waste caused by some residents' bad habits such as "opening windows to dissipate heat". Among them, the construction loss accounts for more than 40%. Therefore, it is imperative to do a good job in energy-saving transformation of old residential areas, and new residential buildings must raise energy-saving standards.

Industry insiders suggest that from the perspective of energy saving, due to the scarcity of natural gas, wall-mounted gas stoves should be used more after Beijing's "coal to gas", otherwise gas will be used for cogeneration or a large number of boiler rooms, with large consumption and loss; For the vast majority of northern cities that can't realize "coal to gas" and southern cities with abundant coal resources and many power plants, such as Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, they still rely on coal-fired central heating, but more industrial waste heat can be added to the heat source to reduce the loss and pollution of high-quality coal. At the same time, the measurement method can not be "one size fits all" as before, and it is necessary to explore more flexible "decentralized measurement".

(The above answers were posted on 2016-11-29. Please refer to the actual purchase policy. )

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