What is the reason for building a weather station in Guaizi Lake?

Guaizi Lake Meteorological Station was built in 1959, (102 24' E, 4 1 2 1' N) is located in the hinterland of Alashan Gobi Desert, which is known as the "land of death" on the northern edge of Badain Jaran Desert (the edge of the desert is about 4000 meters away from the station). The annual average precipitation is only 4 1mm, but the annual evaporation is as high as 4,523.7mm, the annual average windy weather above magnitude 7 is 6 1 day, the annual average sandstorm weather is 30 days, the historical maximum wind speed reaches 38m/s, the lowest temperature in winter is -3 1 degree, the highest temperature in summer is 44.8 degrees, and the highest temperature in desert is 80 degrees.

Guaizihu weather station is one of the only two weather stations in the hinterland of desert in China. Originally a national basic weather station, it was upgraded to a national benchmark weather station in 20 13. It is a ground meteorological observatory set up according to the needs of national climate analysis and weather forecast. Conduct regular monitoring 8 times a day and send 24-hour aviation danger reports, providing important basic monitoring data for weather forecast, climate analysis, scientific research and meteorological services. At the same time, because it is close to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, it undertakes the important task of providing meteorological support services for space launch and national defense scientific experiments.

Play an important role in meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation

The special geographical location of Guaizi Lake weather station determines its irreplaceable role. On the distribution map of weather stations in China, the stations in the northwest are sparse. The land area of Ejina Banner in the westernmost part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 1 14600 square kilometers, and there are only two weather stations, namely Guaizi Lake and Ejina Banner. The meteorological monitoring data of these two stations are extremely precious. Without these two stations, it is equivalent to a monitoring blank area in the upper reaches of China climate phenomenon.

At the same time, Alashan is one of the main routes invaded by cold air and sandstorms in the north. There are four deserts in the territory, namely Badain Jaran, Tengger, Wulanbuhe and Ya marek, which are collectively called "Alashan Desert", ranking second in the country and third in the world. Whenever cold air or strong wind from Mongolia enters Alashan, the dry gravel at the bottom of Yanhai Lake is the first to be rolled up. When the Badain Jaran desert is gradually strengthened and the dust moves to the southeast, Guaizihu Station is the best place to monitor the dust storm, which has important guiding significance for the forecast and early warning of dust storm weather in the downstream North China and Northeast China, and plays an important role in preventing and reducing the losses caused by disastrous weather to economic and social development and people's lives and property.

Provide basic support for desert research.

Due to the influence of climate change, many deserts in Alashan are connected in many places, and desertification is expanding year by year, which poses a serious threat to the living conditions of people in Alashan League and becomes the main reason for frequent sandstorms.

Since 2003, the station has added a new sand dune movement observation project. Because the desert of this station is the highest in the world, with the increasingly serious desertification in Alashan, the monitoring here is particularly important. The observation point is in the desert 7 kilometers away from the station site, and it needs to be observed twice a month, and each observation needs to walk back and forth in the desert 14 kilometers.

On March 20 10, Urumqi Desert Meteorological Institute of China Meteorological Bureau, with the assistance of Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau, established the first sandstorm observation test site in Guaizi Lake of Alxa League. The flux observation station was built in June 20 12. By measuring relevant data with wind erosion sensors, ground sand collectors and other instruments, we can judge the sand-starting parameters and the spatial distribution of sand dust with height in Badain Jaran Desert, which provides first-hand observation data for meteorological research in Badain Jaran Desert and a more scientific basis for sand dust forecasting and early warning service in Alashan League.