What are the necessary knowledge points of geography in the first semester of junior high school?

1. Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in a place in a short time. It is characterized by variability. Such as: storms, strong winds, etc.

2. Climate refers to the weather conditions in a place for many years. It is characterized by relative stability. For example, it is hot and dry, and Leng Xia is cool in winter.

3. Remember common weather symbols and read simple weather forecast charts.

Section 2, Temperature and Precipitation

1, temperature:

(1) global annual average temperature distribution law: the temperature gradually decreases from low latitude to high latitude; The temperature of land and sea at the same latitude is different.

(2) The highest average temperature in a year in the northern hemisphere is July, and the lowest is 1 month; The southern hemisphere is the opposite.

2. Precipitation:

(1) Three precipitation forms: convective rain and frontal rain in topographic precipitation.

(2) The distribution law of global precipitation last year: there was more precipitation in equatorial belt; Less precipitation in polar regions; There is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland, and less precipitation on the west coast on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer. There is less precipitation in mid-latitude inland areas and more precipitation in coastal areas.

The division of five regions on the earth:

(1) Tropical: 23.5° N-23.5° S between the Tropic of Cancer (direct sunlight);

(2) North temperate zone: 23.5° N-66.5° N between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle (with seasonal variation);

(3) South temperate zone: 23.5° s-66.5° s between tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic circle (with seasonal variation);

(4) Northern cold region: 66.5° N-90° N (day and night extremes) in the Arctic Circle;

5. South cold region: Antarctic circle 66.5° S-90° S (day and night extremes).