Why! Why! I'll never learn geography well.

1 `` contour topographic map subtitle:

(1) The reservoir dam was built in the river canyon for the following reasons: (1) It is located in the canyon, which is favorable for dam construction; (2) The topography of the basin has a large water storage capacity.

(2) Reasons for location selection of traffic lines (railways and highways):

Sparse contour lines, gentle terrain slope, short construction period, less investment and easy construction.

(3) Determine a certain place as a basin, and judge the reasons:

Rivers converge to the middle, indicating that the terrain is low in the middle and high around. (4) The reason why the water diversion project chooses a certain location is that the terrain is high, and the river can flow naturally along the terrain. 5. The reason why a certain place is chosen as a terrace is because the terrain is gentle and the slope is small. Reclaiming terraced fields here not only expands the cultivated land area, but also benefits soil and water conservation, realizes the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits and realizes sustainable development. [6] Choose the route to climb the mountain, because the contour line is sparse, the terrain slope is small, and it is easy to climb the mountain.

2. Small topic of marine resources:

(1) Fishery resources are concentrated in temperate coastal continental shelf waters for the following reasons:

(1) continental shelf waters, with shallow seawater, abundant sunshine and strong photosynthesis;

(2) The confluence of cold current and warm current or the flooding of cold seawater in winter will bring nutrients from the seabed to the surface;

(3) Rivers entering the sea bring rich nutrients; Flourishing plankton and sufficient bait are easy to form a large fishing ground.

⑵ Distribution law of seabed mineral resources: ① Coastal placer in coastal zone: sand, shells and other building materials and metal minerals.

② Shallow sea bottom of continental shelf: oil, natural gas and mineral resources such as coal, sulfur and phosphorus.

③ Basin: deep-sea manganese nodules (mainly concentrated in the North Pacific)

3. Salinity and ocean currents:

(1) the highest salinity is the red sea, because:

① Located in subtropical sea area, precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous.

(2) Surrounded by tropical desert areas, lacking river injection.

(2) The lowest salinity is in the Baltic Sea for the following reasons:

① Located at higher latitude, with low temperature and weak evaporation.

② Surrounded by temperate maritime climate zone, fresh water is injected.

(3) The reason why Balkhash Lake is salty in the east and weak in the west:

① East: located inland, with scarce precipitation and intense evaporation; Lack of river injection.

② West: There is river injection, which plays a diluting role.

③ The narrow middle part is not conducive to the exchange of water bodies on both sides, resulting in a great difference in salinity between the two sides.

(4) The horizontal distribution law of global surface seawater salinity:

It decreases from the subtropical waters in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere to the low latitudes and high latitudes on both sides respectively. 5] to judge the nature of an ocean current as a cold (warm) current, the judgment reason is:

Temperature: the temperature of the sea area where ocean currents flow is lower (higher) than that of other sea areas at the same latitude.

Direction: From higher (lower) latitude to lower (higher) latitude.

4. Small topic about rivers and traffic:

(1) Changes of the names of the China South Flowing River at home and abroad;

Yuanjiang-Honghe-Lancang-Mekong River

Nujiang-salween Yarlung Zangbo River-Yarlung Zangbo River

(2) The reasons why rivers in Western Europe have great shipping value:

Rivers are rich in water, stable in water level, low in sediment concentration, ice-free, and of great shipping value.

(3) ob river (Yenisei River and Lena River) is of little shipping value:

High latitude, long freezing period, ice phenomenon.

⑷ Significance of polar route development: shortening voyage, saving time and effort.

5] southwest China is rich in hydropower, mainly because:

① Located in humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff;

② Located at the junction of the first and second steps, the river has a large drop.

Variant: The Three Gorges area is rich in hydropower, mainly because:

① Located in humid area, with abundant precipitation and large runoff;

② Located at the junction of the second and third steps, the river has a large drop.

[6] The significance of Nanning-Kunming railway construction:

Economic significance: ① It is beneficial to resource development and material export.

(2) It is conducive to giving full play to the economic radiation function of railways and promoting the development of export-oriented economy.

(3) It is conducive to developing tourism resources and promoting the development of the tertiary industry.

Political significance: ① It is conducive to consolidating national unity.

(2) is conducive to speed up the southwest poverty alleviation.

(3) Conducive to social stability;

Strategic significance: ① It is conducive to speeding up opening to the outside world and developing export-oriented economy.

(2) It is conducive to consolidating national defense and defending the frontier.

The significance of trans-siberian railway once built by Russia;

(1) Strengthen the economic ties between the east and the west and promote material exchanges;

(2) Accelerate the development of resources and turn resource advantages into economic advantages;

5. Small topics in geology and topography:

(1) The discovery of abundant coal in the Antarctic (there is abundant oil buried in the Arctic) shows that:

The Antarctic (Arctic) region was once located in a warm and humid area with dense forests, and then drifted here through the mainland, which is a strong evidence of plate tectonic theory.

(2) Reasons for the formation of Congo Basin:

Congo basin used to be an inland lake, which was formed by crustal uplift, river undercutting and lake outflow.

(3) Causes of the Dead Sea (Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Fenhe River Basin and Weihe River Basin): internal force-fault subsidence.

(4) The causes of the five major freshwater lakes in North America (European fjords and lakes): external force-glaciation.

(5) The formation of Lushan (Huashan and Taishan): mountains.

[6] Topographic features of seven continents:

Asia: ① The terrain is complex and changeable, with ups and downs, and the plateau and mountainous areas are wide;

The terrain is high in the middle and low around, and the plains are mostly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of rivers;

Non-continental: ① the terrain is mainly plateau, and the horizon is not large;

(2) A huge East African Rift Zone runs through the east;

③ Topographic features: high in the southeast and low in the northwest.

Europe: ① Europe is dominated by mountains and plains, with a vast plain area, accounting for 2/3 of the total area;

② The terrain is low and flat, which is the lowest continent in the world (300m), with high terrain in the north and south and low terrain in the middle;

③ Glacial landforms are widely distributed.

North America: ① The terrain is high in the east and low in the west;

(2) There are three topographical regions, namely, mountains in the west, mountains and plateaus in the east and plains in the middle;

③ Glacial landforms are widely distributed in the northern half of the mainland.

South America: ① The west is the Andes running through the north and south;

(2) The eastern plains and plateaus are arranged alternately.

Yangzhou: ① The terrain is low and flat. The surface is gentle and undulating;

(2) The terrain is north-south vertical belt, with mountains in the east, plains in the middle and highlands in the west.

Antarctic continent: ① the continent with the highest average altitude in the world (2350 meters);

(2) Continental glaciers are widely distributed, with an average thickness of 2,000 meters and diverse subglacial topography.

Causes of serious geological disasters in southwest China;

Natural reasons: ① the mountainous area is vast, the rocks are broken and the weathering is serious; ② The dry and wet seasons are distinct, and the rainstorm is concentrated;

③ The crustal movement is strong and faults are developed in the mountain.

Man-made reasons: ④ Destruction of vegetation.

6. Flood and waterlogging theme:

(1) Causes of severe floods in Bangladesh:

Natural reasons: ① strong southwest monsoon, heavy rainfall and abundant precipitation; ② Low terrain and poor drainage; ③ Ganges River and Yarlung Zangbo River meet here and enter the flood season at the same time;

Man-made reasons: ④ High population density, more vegetation destruction in the upper reaches and serious soil erosion.

(2) Causes of frequent droughts and floods in India:

Strong southwest monsoon, or coming early and leaving late, is easy to cause waterlogging; Otherwise it will cause drought.

(3) The reason for the large flow of Amazon River:

① Located near the equator, affected by equatorial depression, there are more updrafts and abundant precipitation.

(2) The plain terrain and the terrain with three sides high and open to the east are conducive to the entry of Atlantic water vapor.

(3) After entering the inland, water vapor is lifted by plateaus and mountains, mostly topographic precipitation.

④ The basin area is vast, and the surface water is collected on three sides of the Amazon River.

7. Sub-theme of drought:

(1) temperate desert-the reason of the formation of Karakum desert;

Deep in the mainland, far from the ocean, with less precipitation and strong evaporation;

Variation: the origin of Patagonia desert in South America;

Located in the temperate zone, the prevailing westerly wind, the eastern side of the Andes, leeward slope, less precipitation.

(2) Tropical Desert-The reasons for the formation of Sahara (Victoria) Desert:

Controlled by subtropical high or trade winds all year round, it is hot and dry all year round.

Variant: the cause of thar desert in South Asia;

The southwest monsoon is not easy to reach, the original vegetation is destroyed and the ground lacks vegetation protection.

(3) The reason why the Chilean desert is long and narrow from north to south:

(1) The Andes is close to the west coast, so it is difficult for the tropical desert climate to expand eastward;

(2) Affected by the Peruvian cold current, the tropical desert climate extends northward;

(4) Reasons for the formation of tropical grassland climate in East Africa Plateau:

The terrain is high, the temperature is low, the convection is weak, and the precipitation is low, so it does not have the conditions to form a tropical rainforest climate.

5. Causes of spring drought in North China: the temperature rises rapidly in spring and evaporation is vigorous; Precipitation is scarce.

[6] There is no reason for the spring drought in Northeast China: the latitude is higher, the temperature is lower, and there is snow and meltwater in spring.

(7) Water shortage in North China:

Reasons: ① Natural reasons: temperate monsoon climate, less annual precipitation and small river runoff; The variability of precipitation is large; Evaporation is very strong in spring.

② Human factors: dense population, developed industry and agriculture, and large water demand; Serious water pollution; Too much waste and low utilization rate; Water consumption for spring planting is large in spring.

Governance measures: ① South-to-North Water Transfer Project;

(2) building a reservoir;

③ Controlling population and improving quality;

④ Reduce water pollution; Reduce waste and improve utilization rate;

⑤ Restrict the development of high water consumption industries;

⑥ Develop water-saving agriculture and adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology to improve utilization rate;

⑦ implement water price adjustment and establish water-saving consciousness;

8 seawater desalination, etc.

Being dead (salty) sea area shrinking reasons:

① Located in the tropical desert climate zone (inland hinterland), precipitation is scarce and evaporation is vigorous. (natural causes)

(2) Jordan River is used for industry and agriculture (cotton fields are expanded and irrigated by Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers),

Reduce the runoff of rivers into the dead (salty) sea. (socio-economic reasons)

16. Small cultural topics:

⑵ Why does Dujiangyan conform to the laws of nature? ① flood control irrigation; ② No environmental pollution and ecological damage.

Variant: Why do terraces in hilly areas of the south of the Yangtze River conform to the laws of nature? (1) The slope in hilly areas is small. After the terraced fields are reclaimed, neither environmental pollution nor ecological problems such as soil erosion will be caused; ② After the terraced fields were reclaimed, natural resources such as topography, light and heat were fully utilized, and agriculture was fully developed.

(3) Ethnic customs, ethnic festivals, Lantern Festival, Dragon Dance-Han People's Water Splashing Festival-Dai Nadam Congress-Mongolians

Lusheng Festival-Miao Torch Festival-Yi Nationality

17. Problems in Huangshan and Lushan tourism:

(1) Go to Huangshan to enjoy the sea of clouds. The best season is summer, and the best weather is after rain. ⑵ When visiting the "strange rocks" in the Four Wonders of Huangshan Mountain, you should choose a specific viewing position and appreciate the similar shapes of these rocks and landforms.

⑶ Comparison between Lushan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain: ① Tourism value: Huangshan Mountain is big and Lushan Mountain is small; ② Market distance: Huangshan is shorter and Lushan is longer; ③ Regional reception capacity: Huangshan is smaller and Lushan is larger; (4) Traffic accessibility: There are few roads in Huangshan and the traffic is inconvenient; Lushan Mountain has the Beijing-Kowloon Railway and the Yangtze River route, with good accessibility. ⑤ Environmental carrying capacity: Huangshan lacks a large platform and its environmental carrying capacity is small; Lushan Mountain has a large platform, complete living service facilities and great environmental bearing capacity.

(4) When planning the scale of Huangshan tourism, we should pay attention to the following issues: the scale of tourism activities should be adapted to the environmental carrying capacity of Huangshan tourist area.

5. Huangshan and Lushan have well coordinated the relationship between the scale of tourism activities and the environmental carrying capacity of Huangshan tourist area, and both have won the honor of "World Human and Natural Heritage" and become famous tourist areas.

The main factors restricting the number of tourists in Huangshan in summer are: environmental carrying capacity.

(7) The development conditions of Huangshan and Lushan are different, the main reasons are: environmental carrying capacity; Regional receiving capacity

⑽ Evaluate the impact of developing Huangshan into a tourist area: Advantages: ① Increase the regional economic income and promote the development of related industries; ② Increase employment opportunities and promote economic development. Disadvantages: ① Environmental pollution; ② Damage to animals and plants; ③ Damage to the background environment; (4) destroying cultural relics and historic sites; ⑤ Influence on normal social order.

⑾ Evaluation of the development conditions of Huangshan Mountain: (from the perspective of tourism value) ① "Huangshan Mountain is a wonder of the world", which has high aesthetic and scientific value and high quality; ② The cluster is in good condition; (3) There are no similar scenic spots nearby, and there is a good regional combination.

⑿ Reasons for the development of tourism in Western Europe: ① Western Europe has diverse natural conditions and rich natural landscapes; (2) splendid history and culture, unique customs and rich cultural landscape; The developed economy and convenient transportation in western Europe provide favorable conditions for the development of tourism.

18. Small topics of political, economic and geographical patterns:

(2) How can China (a developing country) attract foreign direct investment and promote economic development? ① Constantly reform, improve the investment environment and attract investors; ② Formulating effective industrial policies: developing in economically developed areas: knowledge and technology-intensive industries. Development of underdeveloped areas: labor-intensive and resource-intensive industries. (3) increase investment in education and improve the quality of the population; Strive for political stability at home and abroad.

(3) Why did China join the WTO? (1) At present, the economic ties between countries and regions in the world are increasingly close; ② It can enhance the economic exchange between China and other countries in the world, improve the technology and management level of China enterprises, enhance the competitiveness of products and improve the structure of export commodities; ③ It is conducive to changing the old international economic order and improving China's position in the world trade pattern.

The key to solving the economic development of developing countries is to change the old international economic order and establish a new international economic order of mutual respect for sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit.

5. Multinational companies: the principle of organizing production abroad (multinational companies adopt globalization strategy): ① raising funds in countries with excess capital; (2) Processing products in countries with low raw materials and labor; (3) selling products in countries with shortage of materials.

Advantages and disadvantages of multinational companies entering China: Advantages: The introduction of capital and technology will promote the economic development of China and help China's economy to integrate with the world economy. Disadvantages: It will have an impact on traditional industries in China.

(8) Western Asia has attracted the attention of western powers for the following reasons: ① Western Asia is rich in oil resources and is the main energy supplier of western powers; Located in two oceans, three continents and five seas, transportation and strategic position are important.

19. Port construction: Shanghai, new york, Tianjin, etc.

(1) Location factors of Rotterdam, the Netherlands:

Physical location: ① Located at the Rhine estuary, with convenient river-sea combined transport;

② The harbor is wide and deep, without silting or freezing;

(3) Flat terrain is favorable for port construction.

Socio-economic factors: ① the economic hinterland is vast;

② Located at the end of the second Eurasian continental bridge, connecting the two sides of Eurasia;

③ Relying on Rotterdam.

(2) The disadvantages of the location factors of Shanghai Port:

The slope of the delta terrain is relatively slow, the water flow is slow, and the sediment is easy to deposit, which affects navigation.

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