Who has the test questions and answers of environmental chemistry?

One * * * five chapters of examination questions ~

Environmental chemistry test bank

The first chapter is introduction.

First, multiple choice questions

1, the painful diseases in Japan in 1950s were all caused by _ _ _ _ _ polluted water.

A cadmium b mercury c lead d arsenic

2. In 1950s, Minamata disease in Japan was caused by _ _ _ _ _ polluted water.

A cadmium b mercury c lead d arsenic

3. The sediment concentration of the Yellow River reaches _ _ _ _ kg/m3, which is the highest in the world.

A 13 B 73 C 27 D 37

4. The United Nations has designated _ _ _ _ _ as "World Water Day" every year to remind people of the development, management and protection of water resources.

A 4.22 B 3.28 C 3.22 D 6.22

5, belongs to the environmental chemical effect is

A heat island effect b greenhouse effect c soil salinization d noise

Second, fill in the blanks

1, World Environment Day is _ _ _ _ _.

2. Environmental pollution is caused by physical, chemical and biological factors, of which chemical substances account for about _ _ _ _ _.

3. Man-made pollution sources can be divided into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. The nature and environmental chemical behavior of pollutants depend on their environmental and chemical properties.

5. The migration of pollutants in the environment mainly includes, and three ways.

6, copper, zinc * * * can often produce _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

7. Generally speaking, selenium has an effect on the energy of Hg2+.

Third, question and answer.

1, what are the main environmental problems facing human survival at present?

2. What are the main chemical pollutants in the environment?

3. Illustrate the migration and transformation process of pollutants in various environmental circles with examples.

Chapter II Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry

First, multiple choice questions

1, the influence of pollution sources on the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere during migration.

A wind b turbulence c weather form d geography and topography

2. Acid rain refers to rain, snow or other forms of precipitation with a pH of _ _ _ _ _.

A & lt6.0 B& lt； 7.0℃< 5.6d10b15d10 represents the element I _ _ _ _ _

19, the main anion in precipitation is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

20. Write the photolysis reaction equation of the following substances.

( 1)NO2 + hν +

(2) HNO2+H independent variable+or HNO2+H independent variable+

(3) nitric acid+nitric acid

(4) H2co+H independent variable+or H2co+H independent variable+

(5)CH3X + hν +

2 1, the reaction mechanism between ethylene and ozone in the atmosphere is as follows:

O3 + CH2 == CH2 H2CO+H2COO

22. The reaction mechanism of refrigerant chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) destroying the ozone layer is as follows:

CFmCln + hν CFmCln- 1 +

+ O3 O2 +

+O O2 + Cl

Third, question and answer.

1, briefly describe the source and sink mechanism of air pollutants.

Please describe the effects of air pollution.

3. Try to describe the main components, formation mechanism and harm of acid rain, write the relevant chemical reaction formula, and explain Chongqing.

The reason why the frequency of acid rain is high in regions and low in Beijing.

4. Please describe the characteristics and formation conditions of photochemical smog, taking ch3ch = chchch3 as an example and referring to the following light.

Schematic diagram of chemical smog formation, and write the related reaction formula of photochemical smog formation.

5. Why chlorofluorocarbons discharged into the atmosphere will destroy the ozone layer, and write the relevant chemical reaction formula.

6. Briefly describe the basic principles and methods (steps) of determining aerosol particle pollution sources by enrichment factor method.

7. Please describe the causes of the greenhouse effect caused by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere.

8. Try to compare the difference between smog in London and photochemical smog in Los Angeles.

Explain the causes and mechanisms of ozone layer destruction.

10, what are the main factors affecting the movement of pollutants in the atmosphere?

Chapter III Water Environmental Chemistry

First, multiple choice questions

1, Hg2+ in seawater mainly exists in the form of _ _ _ _ _.

Mercury hydroxide, mercuric chloride

Mercuric chloride-mercuric chloride-

2. The standard electrode potential of redox system is 0.80, and its pEo is _ _ _ _.

a 13.50 B 13.35 C 13.05D 12.80

3. Under normal circumstances, the fish will die if the water body reaches _ _ _ _ _.

A> 8.0mg/L B0D > 4.0 mg/l

4. If the pE value of the water body is high, it is beneficial to the migration of the following _ _ _ _ _ groups in the water body.

Iron, manganese, boron, iron, carbon, chromium, manganese, chromium and vanadium.

5. At present, the simplest and most popular method is to divide metals into dissolved state and granular state, and the dissolved state is the part that can pass through _ _ _ _ _ um pore size filter membrane.

A 0.54 B 0.22 C 0.45 D 0.50

6. The order of anion and cation content in river water is _ _ _ _.

A na+>; Mg2+>； Ca2+HCO 3-& gt； SO42->； Chlorine-

b Ca2+>； na+& gt； Mg2+HCO 3-& gt； SO42->； Chlorine-

c Na+>； Ca2+>； Mg2+Cl-& gt； HCO 3-& gt； SO42-

d Na+& gt； Mg2+>； Ca2+Cl-& gt； SO42->； Bicarbonate-

7. The standard electrode potential of redox system is 0.77 1, and its pEo is _ _ _ _ _.

a 13.50 B 13.35 C 13.05D 12.80

8. The BOD20 of a water body is 100 ppm, and its BOD5 is about _ _ _ _ _ _.

A 40 B 50 C 35 D 70

9. Dissolved oxygen in water has a great influence on petroleum degradation. It is estimated that 1 liter oil oxidation will consume dissolved oxygen in _ _ _ _ m3 seawater.

A 200 B 400 C 600 D 500

10, the following forms of mercury compounds, the most toxic is _ _ _ _.

Mercury (CH3)2 B HgO C Hg D Hg2Cl2

1 1, the factors affecting the adsorption of particulate matter in water environment are.

A dissolved oxygen content b particle size c temperature D pH

Second, fill in the blanks

1, total alkalinity in natural water =+2+[OH-]-.

2. Adsorption of colloidal particles in water environment includes, and

3. The toxicity of heavy metals in the environment is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. The part insoluble in NaOH is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

5. It is generally believed that when the concentration is high, the reaction between metal ions and humus is mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and when the concentration of metal ions is low, it is mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

6. PE of natural water decreases with the decrease of dissolved oxygen in water, so surface water is environmental.

7. Organic pollutants usually undergo photolysis, bioaccumulation and degradation.

Processes are migrated and transformed.

8. The substance that determines the potential function in normal water is _ _ _ _ _.

At 9,20℃, it takes _ _ days for aerobic organic matter to complete the first stage of biochemical oxidation.

10, when the pH value of water is neutral or alkaline, the methylation product of mercury is _ _ _ _ _.

1 1, when the pH value of water is in acidic condition, the methylation products of mercury are mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

12, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ are commonly used as indicators to measure water eutrophication.

13, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

In 14, the self-purification of water can be divided into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

15, and the organic matter with Henry constant greater than _ _ _ _ _ atmmol-1m-3 has a significant desorption rate in rivers with rapid shallow water flow.

16, copper and zinc can reduce bhc, zinc plays a _ _ _ _ _ _ role in the reaction, and copper plays a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

17, the final product of biochemical hydrolysis of carbohydrates is _ _ _ _ _ _ _, which can be further decomposed into _ _ _ _ _ with sufficient oxygen.

18. The factors affecting the aggregation of colloidal particles are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

19, the forms of dissolved metals can be studied in two ways: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

20. There are _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _

2 1, octanol-water partition coefficient of organic matter is often expressed by _ _ _ _ _ _.

Third, question and answer.

1, what is self-purification of water? What are the ways of water self-purification to illustrate the process of river self-purification?

2. Water pollutants can be divided into several categories.

3. Describe the migration and transformation of organic pollutants in water.

4. What are the characteristics of heavy metal pollution? There are several types of heavy metal migration in water, and the influencing factors of metal migration and transformation in water are illustrated with examples.

5. The lead-containing wastewater from smelters is discharged into rivers after being treated. The lead content in the river near the sewage outlet is 0.4 ~ 0.5 mg/L, while the lead content in the river 500 meters downstream is only 3 ~ 4 μ g/L. Please explain the reasons.

6. According to Streeter—phelps law, calculate the time required to decompose 50% aerobic organic matter in water at 20℃ and 29℃ (known as K20℃ = 0.1); What does the calculation result indicate?

7. The concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in a water body are 56 mg/L and 56 μ g/L respectively. Try to find the pE value of the water body. If the oxygen partial pressure in equilibrium with the water body is 10- 10 atmospheric pressure, can Fe (Ⅱ) be oxidized to Fe (Ⅲ) when the pH of the water body is 9 and 6?

8. Describe the ways and influencing factors of mercury methylation in water, and write the relevant reaction formula.

9. Why is the content of methylmercury accumulated in fish higher when the pH value of water is low?

10, try to explain that BOD5 BOD5 and CODCr will cover up the risk of toxic and harmful organic pollution when evaluating the quality of water environment.

1 1, what are the factors that affect the aggregation of colloidal particles in water?

12, what is the substance that determines the potential in water?

13, which kinds of chemical degradation of organic matter include?

14. What kinds of reactions are involved in the biochemical degradation of organic matter? What are the factors that affect biodegradation?

15, what are the factors that affect the photochemical degradation of organic matter?

Fourth, the calculation problem

1, if the pH value of a natural water body is 7.0 and the alkalinity is 1.4mmol/L, how much acid should be added to reduce the pH value of the water body to 6.0?

2. Introduce H2S into the cadmium-containing wastewater until it is saturated, adjust the pH to 8.0, and calculate the residual cadmium ion concentration in the water. [Ksp(CdS=7.9X 10-27)]

3. When a toxic compound is discharged into water with pH = 8.4 and temperature = 25℃, 90% of the toxic substance is absorbed by suspended matter. Ka = 0, KB = 4.9X 10-7L/(d mol), KH = 1.6D- 1 are known and calculated.

4. The gas in contact with water with pH=7.0 in the anaerobic digester contains 65%CH4 and 35% CO2, so calculate PE and Eh.

5. The content of Cu2+ in wastewater is 5.0 mg/L, and after EDTA treatment, the uncomplexed EDTA is 200 mg/L, and the pH of the system is 1 1. After calculation, the existing form of Cu in the reaction equilibrium is obtained. (It is known that Cu2++Y4-= Cuy2-,k = 6.3x65438.

Chapter IV Soil Environmental Chemistry

First, multiple choice questions

1, the following factors can induce the release of heavy metals in sediments.

A salinity increases, B pH decreases, the content of complexing agent in C water increases, and D changes redox conditions.

2. The sources of soil organic matter are.

A resin b humic acid c humic acid d mineral

3. Humus colloid is an amorphous substance with a huge specific surface area of _ _ _ _ _.

A 350-900 m2/g B 650-800 m2/g C 100-200 m2/g D 15-30 m2/g.

4. In the soil, the exchange adsorption capacity of the following ions is the strongest.

Calcium, boron, sodium, carbon, iron and hydrogen ions

Second, fill in the blanks

1, the soil has the ability to change dramatically and can keep the soil reaction relatively stable, which is the so-called buffering performance of soil.

2. Soil consists of gas, liquid and solid phases, and the solid phase can be divided into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3. The migration process of heavy metals in soil-plant system is related to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

4. The adsorption of pesticides by soil can be divided into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _.

5. When the soil is reduced by flooding, the harm of arsenic to plants is _ _ _ _ _.

6. There are many kinds of inorganic ammonia in the soil, among which NH4+ and _ _ _ _ _ are the main forms absorbed by plants.

7. Most of the soil is organic nitrogen, accounting for _ _ _ _% of the total nitrogen. The process by which organic nitrogen can be changed into inorganic nitrogen is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

8. Arsenic in soil exists in trivalent or pentavalent state, and its existing forms can be divided into soluble arsenic, adsorbed arsenic, substituted arsenic and insoluble arsenic. Soluble arsenic is mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

9. Chromium in soil exists in four forms: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

10, in dryland soil, the main form of cadmium is _ _ _ _ _.

1 1, cadmium migration ability under the condition of soil flooding.

12, pesticide residues in soil are affected by many factors, such as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, adsorption, biological and chemical degradation, etc.

13, the migration of pesticides in soil is mainly through and two processes.

14 is composed of soil animals, _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _.

15. The adsorption of organic pollutants in water by soil and sediment (bottom mud) includes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Third, question and answer.

1, please describe the composition of the soil. What are the basic characteristics of soil?

2. What is soil pollution? How to distinguish pesticides and other pollutants from self-purification after entering the soil?

3. What is soil environmental capacity?

4. How do pesticides that enter the soil migrate and transform?

5. Illustrate the factors affecting pesticide residues in soil with examples.

6. The main transformation routes of organophosphorus pesticides in the environment. Illustrate its principle with examples.

7. Describe the process of nitrogen migration and transformation in soil.

Some reference answers:

1. cadmium

2.b. Organic mercury

3.d The Yellow River is the river with the highest sediment transport and concentration in the world, with an average annual sediment transport of 65.438+0.6 billion tons and an average annual sediment concentration of 37.7 kg/m3.

4.c March 22nd every year is World Water Day (English: World Day for Water, or World Water Day).

5.c Environmental chemical effect is an environmental effect caused by chemical reaction between substances under the influence of environmental conditions. Such as acidification and salinization of the environment.