What is the central heating standard?

Central heating refers to the way that hot water or steam is used as the heating medium, and one or more heat sources provide heat energy to heat users in cities, towns or some areas through the heating pipe network.

At present, it has become one of the important infrastructures in modern towns and an important part of urban public utilities.

Central heating system includes heat source, heating network and users. The heat sources are mainly thermal power stations and regional boiler rooms (steam boilers are generally used in industrial boiler rooms and hot water boilers are generally used in civil boiler rooms), and the fuels are coal, heavy oil or natural gas; Garbage is widely used as fuel in some countries. Industrial waste heat and geothermal energy can also be used as heat sources. The advantage of nuclear heating is to save a lot of fossil fuels and reduce transportation pressure. Heating pipe network is divided into hot water pipe network and steam pipe network, which is composed of heating trunk line, heating trunk line and branch line. Its layout is mainly determined according to urban heat load distribution, block conditions, development planning, topography and geology, etc., and it is generally arranged in branches and laid underground. It is mainly used for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water supply in industrial and civil buildings, as well as heating, drying, cooking, cleaning, melting, refrigeration, steam hammer and steam pump in the production process.

You can consult the literature about the concept of cogeneration.

The advantages of central heating are: ① improving energy utilization rate and saving energy. The comprehensive thermal efficiency of cogeneration of heating units can reach 85%, while the thermal efficiency of large steam turbines generally does not exceed 40%; The thermal efficiency of large heating boilers in regional boiler rooms can reach 80% ~ 90%, while the thermal efficiency of scattered small boilers is only 50% ~ 60%. (2) Conditionally install high chimneys and flue gas purification devices, so as to facilitate smoke and dust removal, reduce air pollution, improve environmental sanitation, and realize the utilization of low-quality fuel and garbage. (3) A large number of scattered small boiler rooms and fuel and ash stacking areas can be vacated for greening and improving the city appearance. (4) Reduce the transportation and scattering of firefighters, fuel and ash, reduce operating costs and improve environmental sanitation. ⑤ It is easy to realize scientific management and improve heating quality. Realizing central heating is the infrastructure of urban energy construction, an important symbol of urban modernization and an important measure for rational distribution and utilization of national energy.