How to grow yam?

The cultivation of yam varies according to the local climatic conditions. Generally, the surface temperature of 5cm is required to be stable, exceeding 9- 10℃. Conditions can also be covered with plastic film. The general method is: after the yam ditch is flooded,

The seedlings were vertically placed in the center of a deep bed with a depth of 10cm, with a spacing of about 25cm and a density of 4000-4500 plants/667m2, then covered with 5cm soil and fertilized at 20cm on both sides of the yam. Generally, more than 3000 kg /667 square meters of soil and miscellaneous fertilizers, urea 10- 15 kg /667 square meters, 40-50 kg /667 square meters of potassium sulfate, 60-75 kg /667 square meters of calcium superphosphate and 30-40 kg /667 square meters of decomposed cottonseed cake are applied.

1) aerial cultivation

Yam can't grow upright after a few days of emergence, so it needs a bracket to support the vine. Generally, it is best to use a small rod of about 1.5m as a support.

2) Drain, drain and change water

Yam likes sunny weather with low air humidity and high temperature.

The ground temperature needs to be watered 5-7 times in a lifetime. In the case of watering the soles of feet, water is usually poured for the first time when the seedlings are basically in full bloom to promote the emergence and rooting. The second water is better early than late, and the first water is dried before watering.

According to the rainfall, water every 15d 1 time. In rainy season, after each heavy rain, the accumulated water should be drained in time, and the waterlogged garden should be watered-changed, so as to reduce the ground temperature, replenish soil air and prevent diseases and dead seedlings.

3) Fertilization

Yam requires a large amount of fertilizer. The average yield of yam is 2000-2500 kg /667 m2, and it needs pure N 10.7 kg, P205 7.3kg and K20 8.7kg. The ratio is as follows.

1.5: 1.0: 1.2。 According to relevant research data, the yield of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the highest, and its ratio is 1.5: 1.0: 3.0. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing can be carried out 1 time at flowering stage, that is,

Urea 15kg and potassium sulfate 15-20 kg can be applied in the tuber expansion stage, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1% urea can be sprayed on the leaves in the later growth stage to prevent premature aging.

4) intertillage weeding

When yam germinates at seedling stage, it is easy to cause soil hardening and affect seedling emergence, so it should be loosened and broken immediately. After each watering and precipitation, shallow tillage should be carried out to maintain good water permeability of the soil.

Sex, promote tuber expansion. Weeding should be done in time during yam production. Before emergence, the soil can be closed with chlordecone or acetochlor for weeding. Weeds can be controlled by Gaicaoneng or Wei Ba before emergence.

5) Control pests and diseases

The main diseases are brown spot and anthracnose. Brown spot disease mainly harms leaves, and the prevention and control methods are mainly to avoid high temperature between rows, pay attention to drainage, and spray 70% thiophanate methyl at the initial stage of the disease.

And 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 10d spray 1 time, spray twice continuously. Anthracnose mainly harms leaves and vines, and its control methods include crop rotation, timely elimination of diseased bodies, spraying at the early stage of the disease, etc.

Spraying 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% thiram wettable powder 10d 1 time, and spraying continuously for 2-3 times.

The main pest is yam leaf peak, which mainly eats mesophyll and eats leaves into a net, resulting in serious weight loss. The control method is spraying pyrethroid pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity (such as Yao Di and Baishude).