Who invented goggles?

It was invented by Galileo in the 12 century. At that time, he heard that a little boy could clearly see distant objects with a convex lens and a concave lens, one behind the other. He was inspired to invent the telescope.

Detailed process:

Invent the telescope

During the 18 years when Galileo worked in the University of Padua, he initially focused on the mechanical research that he had always been interested in, and he discovered an important phenomenon in physics-the inertia of the motion of objects; I did a famous slope exercise and summarized the quantitative relationship between the falling distance of an object and the elapsed time. He also studied the movement of shells and laid the foundation of parabola theory. The concept of acceleration was first put forward by him: even in order to measure the temperature rise of patients with fever, the famous physicist invented the first air thermometer in 1593 ... However, an accidental event made Galileo change his research direction. He turned from the study of mechanics and physics to the boundless space.

It was the winter of 1604, and an unusually bright star suddenly appeared in the southern sky. The uninvited guest of the universe attracted many people's attention and then mysteriously disappeared in the autumn of the following year. People cannot help asking a series of questions. What star is this? Where did it come from and where did it go? What rules do the stars in the night sky follow? However, all these problems, no one can say clearly.

Galileo observed the mysterious star every night. As long as the weather is fine, he will never miss this golden opportunity. Many questions kept popping up in his mind, and he felt that human beings knew too little about the secrets of the universe.

But it was limited to the naked eye, and the telescope had not been invented at that time. Galileo has been thinking, can we find ways to make people's horizons more acute and expand, so that they can see distant stars like the mythical clairvoyance?

It was 1609 in June, and Galileo heard a news that Lippach, a Dutch optician, saw something invisible to the naked eye in the distance with a kind of lens in an accidental discovery. "Isn't this just what I need?" Galileo was very happy. Soon, one of Galileo's students wrote from Paris, further confirming the accuracy of the news. The letter said that although I don't know how Lipski made it, the optician must have made a lens barrel, which can magnify the object many times.

"lens barrel!" Galileo read the letter several times, and then hurried into his laboratory. He found paper and a gooseneck pen and began to draw a schematic diagram of lens imaging one by one. Galileo was inspired by the hint of the lens barrel. It seems that the secret of lens barrel magnifying objects lies in the choice of lenses, especially how to match convex lenses and concave lenses. He found the information about the lens and kept calculating, forgetting that he climbed the window at dusk and how dawn entered the room.

After a whole night, Galileo finally understood that if the convex lens and concave lens are placed at a proper distance, as the Dutch saw, distant objects invisible to the naked eye can be seen clearly after magnification.

Galileo was very happy. He forgot to rest and immediately began to grind his glasses, which was a time-consuming and meticulous job. He worked for several days, grinding out a pair of convex lenses and concave lenses, and then made an exquisite sliding double-layer metal tube. Now, it is time to test his invention.

Galileo carefully placed a large convex lens at one end of the tube and a smaller concave lens at the other end, and then pointed the tube out of the window. When he looked at one end of the concave lens, a miracle appeared. The church in the distance seems to be close at hand. He can clearly see the cross on the bell tower, and even a pigeon resting on the cross is very realistic.

The news that Galileo had built a telescope spread at once. "The news that I made a telescope spread to Venice." In a letter to my brother-in-law, Galileo wrote: "A week later, I was asked to show this telescope to the Speaker and Members of Parliament. They were very surprised. Although gentlemen and parliamentarians are very old, they all climbed the tallest bell tower in Venice in order and looked at the ships in the distance of the port, and they all saw clearly; Without my telescope, I can't see for two hours. The utility of this instrument can make objects 50 miles away look like they are within 5 miles. "

The telescope invented by Galileo, after continuous improvement, has a magnification of more than 30 times, which can enlarge the object by 1000 times. Now, he seems to have clairvoyance, and can spy on the secrets of the universe.

This is an epoch-making revolution in astronomical research. For thousands of years, the era when astronomers only observed the sun, moon and stars with naked eyes has ended, and optical telescopes have been replaced. With this powerful weapon, the door of modern astronomy was opened.

Now, whenever the stars shine or the bright moon is in the sky, Galileo will aim his telescope at the deep and distant sky and observe it day and night, regardless of fatigue and cold.

In the past, people always thought that the moon was a smooth celestial body, which shone by itself like the sun. But Galileo discovered through a telescope that the moon, like the earth where we live, has high mountains and low depressions (Galileo called it "ocean" at that time). He also found from the movement of the bright and dark parts of the moon that the moon itself cannot shine, and the light of the moon comes from the sun.

Galileo aimed his telescope at the Milky Way in the sky. People used to think that the Milky Way was a white fog formed by the condensation of water vapor on the earth, and Aristotle also thought so. Galileo decided to use a telescope to test whether this statement was correct. He was surprised when he pointed his telescope at the blurred band of light in the night sky. It turned out that it was not a cloud at all, but a gathering of thousands of stars in Qian Qian. Galileo also observed the mottled clouds in the sky-the so-called clusters, and found that clusters are also gathered by many stars, such as Orion cluster, Orion cluster and honeycomb cluster.

Galileo's telescope revealed the secrets of one universe after another. He discovered the satellites orbiting Jupiter and calculated their operating periods. Now we know that Jupiter has 14 satellites, and Galileo discovered the largest four of them. In addition, Galileo also observed sunspots through a telescope. He inferred from the movement of sunspots that the sun was also spinning.

One exciting discovery after another is enough for Galileo to write a book about the latest astronomical discoveries, and he wants to announce his observations to the world. 19 10 In March, Galileo's Star Messenger was published in Venice, which immediately caused a sensation in Europe.

However, he didn't expect that the secret of the universe uncovered by the telescope greatly angered many people, and a terrible doom was about to befall this outstanding scientist.