Summer is here, what should we pay attention to?

A, thunderstorm safety knowledge

Summer is a season with frequent thunderstorms, and lightning casualties often occur. Therefore, everyone should attach great importance to their own safety and master the necessary safety protection knowledge in thunderstorm days.

1, pay attention to close the doors and windows, cut off the power supply of household appliances, and unplug them; Do not get close to conductive objects such as water pipes and heating pipes; Don't stand under the lamp cap line; Don't take a shower under the shower head; Don't use your cell phone.

2. Don't stay on the high-rise platform; Don't gather, run or shout in the corridor.

3. Don't enter isolated shacks, sentry boxes and other low-rise buildings; Don't hide under the big tree to avoid the thunderstorm.

4. Don't open an umbrella and hold high other metal objects in the wild; Don't run in the wilderness; Walk around without wet clothes, shoes, hats, etc.

5. Don't ride a bike; No outdoor ball games;

6. By car, train, etc. Don't stick your head and hands out of the window.

7. Don't connect the wires for drying clothes and bedding to windows and doors.

8. In case of sudden lightning, you should immediately lower your height, put your feet together, put your hands on your knees, and don't touch the ground with other parts of your body to reduce the damage caused by stepping voltage.

9. Once the human body is struck by lightning, it often appears "suspended animation". At this time, it is often a miracle to carry out mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and external heart massage. Call 120 for emergency treatment at the same time.

Second, food hygiene and safety knowledge

In summer, the weather is hot, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, the reproduction speed of pathogenic microorganisms is accelerated, food is easy to rot and deteriorate, and bacterial food poisoning and intestinal infectious diseases are easy to occur. Therefore, students should pay great attention to food hygiene and safety to prevent food-borne diseases such as food poisoning.

1. When buying food, carefully check the name, address, production date, shelf life, etc. Try to choose fresh food with short storage time, and don't buy "three noes" food and expired food.

2. Don't buy untested meat, poultry with unknown cause of death and aquatic products. Don't buy cooked meat, cold salad, cold noodles and other foods sold by roadside "unlicensed" vendors.

3. The food safety risk of eating raw aquatic products in summer is high. Eat less or not eat raw aquatic products such as grilled shrimp, clam, drunken shrimp and drunken crab.

4. Processed stews and cooked meat foods should not be stored for more than 2 hours, and should be fully heated for more than 2 hours.

Vegetables and fruits processed with cold salad must be washed and disinfected before eating. Don't eat fruits, vegetables and wild food without permission. The melons and fruits eaten directly should be thoroughly washed with clear water and peeled as much as possible.

6. When eating out, you should choose catering units with good sanitary conditions and valid food hygiene licenses. Wash your hands before meals, use public chopsticks as much as possible, and advocate separate meals. When eating, you should pay attention to distinguish whether the food has gone bad and whether there are foreign bodies. Don't eat illegal food, and don't overeat.

7. The temperature is high in summer. Eating cold drinks at the right time can relieve summer heat and quench thirst, which is good for your health. Cold drinks should not be eaten too much, and cold drinks should not be eaten when sweating a lot, before and after meals, or after drinking hot drinks. When buying cold drinks, carefully check the production date and shelf life, and try to choose products with close factory date; Don't drink unclean water or raw tap water.

8. In case of suspected food poisoning, immediately stop eating suspicious food, organize treatment as soon as possible, and report to the local health administrative department so as to get timely investigation and treatment, and avoid food poisoning incidents that cannot be identified due to time delay.

Third, common sense of heatstroke prevention safety

Heatstroke is one of the common acute fevers in hot summer. Mild patients may have dizziness, headache, nausea, thirst, sweating, palpitations, flushing, body temperature may rise above 38℃, and even collapse symptoms such as decreased blood pressure and accelerated pulse. In severe cases, the symptoms are high fever (body temperature above 4 1℃), anhidrosis, vague speech consciousness, hand and foot convulsions and disturbance of consciousness. In severe cases, there are critical diseases such as shock, heart failure, pulmonary edema and brain edema. So everyone should pay attention to heatstroke prevention.

1. Wear loose clothes with good air permeability and light color; Wear an insulated sun hat; Drink more salt and boiled water; The indoor and outdoor temperature difference of air conditioner should not be too large. The indoor and outdoor temperature difference of air conditioner shall not exceed 5 degrees; Prepare heatstroke prevention drugs, such as Dan, cooling oil, essential balm, ten drops of water, mint tablets, etc.

2. When heatstroke occurs, the patient should be carried to a cool and ventilated place to lie down and rest first, then unbutton the button for the patient, apply a cold water towel to the patient's head and neck, and let the patient drink more water (preferably warm salt water or watermelon juice), and take heatstroke prevention drugs such as Ren Dan and ten drops of water. If the condition is serious, you should be sent to the hospital for treatment or call 120 emergency number.

Fourth, common sense of flood control and water safety.

In a short period of continuous rainstorm, the river will rise violently, overflow dams, flood farmland and villages, destroy roads, bridges and houses, and cause casualties and property losses. Therefore, students should attach great importance to flood control safety.

1. Insist on listening to the weather forecast every day, keep abreast of local weather changes, and pay attention to weather signs: it is sultry in the morning, and even difficult to breathe, which is generally a sign that the low-pressure weather system is approaching, and heavy rainfall often occurs in the afternoon; In the morning, I see the pagoda-shaped ink cloud uplift in the distance, and there will usually be strong thunderstorms in the afternoon; For several days in a row, the weather was clear and cloudless, especially hot. Suddenly, I saw a small cloud rising on the windward slope of the mountain, and there was usually a strong thunderstorm at midnight or early morning. When you see funnel-shaped clouds or dragon's tail clouds on the horizon, it means that the weather is extremely unstable and there is the possibility of thunderstorms and strong winds at any time.

2. Don't watch the flood; Don't walk under the mountain, don't walk in low-lying places, and don't stay in ravines and low-lying places; Don't shelter from the rain under trees, fences and rocks; Don't cross the river if you don't know the water.

3. Move as soon as the flood comes. When it is too late to move, you should immediately climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees, high walls and other places to temporarily avoid danger. At the same time, seek help from the outside world by calling for help, making fireworks and waving colorful clothes. If there are floating objects such as boats, rafts, door panels, barrels, pots and cans, you can save yourself.

4. In case of landslide, you should look around quickly and disperse to a safer place. When evacuating, it is very dangerous to run in both directions as the best direction, whether to run down or up.

Five, swimming safety knowledge

Swimming in summer is a very beneficial exercise, which can not only achieve the purpose of physical exercise, but also play a role in cooling off the heat and enjoying the body and mind. The most important thing about swimming in summer is safety, and we must not take it lightly. Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the following questions when participating in swimming:

1, don't swim without permission, don't swim in waters without safety measures and ambulance personnel, and don't swim in unfamiliar waters.

2. Carry out necessary physical examination. Patients with heart disease, hypertension, tuberculosis, otitis media, dermatosis, severe trachoma and various infectious diseases should not swim; Menstrual women should not swim; It is not suitable for swimming when you are full or hungry, after strenuous exercise and heavy work.

3. Prepare necessary articles and protective equipment, such as swimsuits, water goggles and lifebuoys. Warm up on land before launching to avoid cramps and other uncomfortable reactions.

4. Grasp the swimming time. When swimming, the body dissipates heat quickly and consumes a lot of energy. It is not advisable to stay in the water for too long, generally not more than one hour.

5. If you are cramped or tired during swimming, don't panic and don't raise your hand to struggle. You should lie flat on the water, show your nose, breathe in deeply and exhale shallowly at the same time, so that your body floats on the water, hold your toes with the hand on the same side as the cramped leg, and press the knee of the cramped leg with the other hand to straighten the leg.

6. If you find someone drowning, you must swim from the side of the drowning person, never from the front, in case you are hugged by the drowning person and drowned. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, the sediment in his mouth and nose should be removed first, and then. The rescuer can kneel on one leg and bend his knees on the other, put the belly of the drowning person on his knee to make his head droop, and pat his back with his hand to make the water in his abdominal cavity flow out. If the drowning man has awakened, he should be dressed to keep warm and let him rest quietly. If the situation is serious, the drowning person should be sent to the hospital for rescue in time.