How to do a good job of winter protection and insulation at the drilling site

In winter drilling work, according to the temperature conditions of the construction area and the completion date, different insulation measures are adopted based on scientific and effective principles to scientifically solve the problems of winter insulation work, which is beneficial to Make overall arrangements and grasp the key points to ensure that the equipment is in good condition and the pipelines are smooth and free of freezing, so as to ensure the safe operation of drilling construction in winter.

1. Contents of winter protection and insulation

(1) Local insulation: When the temperature in the construction area is above -5°C, conventional insulation methods should be used for insulation.

1 Equipped with 1 steam generator.

2 Oil, gas, water, mud and hydraulic pipelines should be wrapped with felt and insulated.

3 The choke, kill manifold, and instruments are wrapped with felt for insulation.

4 Internal control pipelines, choke and kill manifolds, and blowout lines should be blown clean with air before insulation to ensure that there is no mud in the manifolds.

5-finger weight gauge pressure transmitter: Add alcohol to the pressure transmitter to prevent freezing, wrap it with felt, and wrap it with black plastic cloth. Leave an inspection opening. When the pressure transmitter is working, the capsule is open at 8~ 12mm, no leakage.

(2) Small thermal insulation: When the temperature in the construction area is between -5℃ and -15℃, small thermal insulation method is used for thermal insulation.

1 Equipped with a 1-ton coal-fired boiler for thermal insulation.

2 Use electric tape to wrap the internal control pipeline, well kill choke manifold, pump set pipeline and gate set completely, wrap them with felt, and wrap them with black plastic sheet for waterproofing.

3. The corners and thin necks of ground high-pressure manifolds and risers, mud pump air bags, mud pump pressure gauges, safety valves, riser pressure gauges, etc. are wrapped with electric tape inside, and the outside is felt or black. Wrap in plastic sheet.

4. The weighted funnel is used as an anti-freezing and heat preservation measure. After use, the funnel and pipeline must be rinsed clean to prevent freezing and blockage.

5 The drill pipe box is vented with steam to ensure the anti-freezing of the drilling tools and the insulation of the kelly pipe.

6 When installing the power generation room, two fans are placed in opposite directions, and a tarpaulin is placed between the two rooms. If this is not possible for the drilling team, explosion-proof oil seals can be placed in the power generation room to reduce the number of generators. During the temperature running time, a felt can be hung in front of the generator's water tank to reduce heat loss from the water tank.

7 The insulation method of the engine room is to hang felt in front of the diesel engine radiator tank, and the low-temperature water pipelines between the diesel engine intercooler, oil cooler and water pump, and water pump and water tank are wrapped with felt.

An explosion-proof oil seal is placed in the water pump room of the 8-set water tank.

9 The electrical insulation device of the fire room is in good condition.

(3) Comprehensive thermal insulation: When the temperature in the construction area is below -15°C, comprehensive thermal insulation shall be adopted.

1 One 1-ton coal-fired boiler is equipped for thermal insulation. Remote wells and key wells that require winter construction operations are equipped with two 1-ton coal-fired boilers for thermal insulation.

2 Set up an insulated shed in the machine room with steam pipelines and radiators inside.

3. The connection parts of the purification tank are all covered with insulation sheds, steam pipelines are connected and explosion-proof oil seals are placed.

4. The purification equipment on the tank must be preheated with steam before use and cleaned in time after use. Cover the ventilation area of ??the tank surface with felt to prevent steam from escaping.

5 The base of the drill floor is all covered with an insulated shed or wrapped with canvas, with internal steam pipelines and radiator fins for insulation.

6 The drill table is equipped with an insulating wall, and an insulating drill pipe box is used and steam is passed through.

7 Well control device

(1) An insulation shed is built for the throttling and killing manifolds, with built-in explosion-proof oil or steam manifolds for insulation. The internal control pipelines, choke and kill manifolds, and blowout lines should be blown clean with air before insulating them. The well sealing device four-way, internal control pipelines, choke and kill pipelines should be wrapped with heating tape and wrapped with felt and black plastic sheeting. An explosion-proof exhaust fan is placed in the sulfur-containing oil and gas well in the thermal insulation shed installed at the wellhead to facilitate ventilation and dispel toxic, harmful and flammable gases permeating the workplace. Place 3 oil seals, 3 explosion-proof switches and 1 explosion-proof lamp in the thermal insulation shed of the throttling manifold. 1 thermometer. Kill manifold insulation shed. Place 2 oil seals and 2 explosion-proof switches. 1 explosion-proof lamp and 1 explosion-proof switch. 1 thermometer. The thermometer is hung in the insulation shed. The temperature inside the shed is higher than 5 degrees.

(2) Add 2 explosion-proof oil tins or use explosion-proof electric heating panels in the remote control room, and configure a thermometer in the room. The pneumatic pressure system must be activated regularly, without water accumulation, and the air path must be smooth and free of freezing.

(3) Place the steam radiator at the back of the control box and wrap it with felt and black plastic sheeting to seal and insulate it to ensure flexibility and ease of use. Regularly discharge the accumulated water and oil mist in the gas-water separator. Change the engine oil in winter.

(4) The electric weighted pump pipeline is wrapped with an electric tape and wrapped with felt and black plastic sheeting. An insulation shed is built in the weighted pump area. The pipeline is equipped with a probe thermometer to directly observe the pipeline temperature and check whether the electric tape is normal. Work. After using the weighted funnel, the funnel and pipeline must be rinsed clean to prevent freezing and blockage.

(5) Braking system: The brake pressure gauge is intact and sensitive, with a reading of 0.6MPa-0.9MPa. The air path is smooth and not frozen, and there is no debris under the brake belt crankshaft and brake cylinder. Before using the electromagnetic brake, check whether the cooling water channel, water pipeline and water pump are frozen. After the electromagnetic brake is deactivated, the water must be drained. Turn it 5-10 times under no load to remove the accumulated water in the pipeline.

(6) The suit water tank should be insulated with steam or electric heating pipe, the suit water tank pipeline and the glue tank pipeline should be insulated with electric tape, and explosion-proof oil should be placed in the suit water tank room.

(7) Gas circuit system: The core of gas circuit antifreeze is to remove moisture in the gas circuit. The driller's operating box should be equipped with an insulation device for heat preservation, and the dryer in the gas cylinder room should work normally. The alcohol container should be checked once every shift. If the amount is insufficient, it should be replenished in time. The gas cylinder should be drained according to regulations and records should be kept. .The stroke limiter of the anti-collision crane device is accurately positioned to ensure sensitivity. It should be moved every hour and before lifting and drilling to ensure that the air path is not frozen. When operating the low-speed clutch of the winch, you should try to start it first and make sure that the intake and exhaust are normal before operation. Every hour, a detailed inspection and debugging of each inlet and outlet valve, driller valve, and single and bidirectional switches of the gas path should be carried out to ensure flexibility and no freezing. Equipment with a gas line moves the valve every half hour to prevent the valve and deflation valve from freezing.

(8) Insulation equipment and facilities

① The installation position of the boiler (including steam generator) is more than 50 meters away from the wellhead, and at the upwind outlet, the boiler safety accessories (safety valve, Pressure gauge, liquid level gauge, thermometer) are in good condition; protection devices (over-temperature alarm, high and low water level alarm, etc.) are working normally. Insulation equipment inspection certificates and certificates are complete.

② There are boiler safety operating procedures, which should include the following:

a The heat load of the heating furnace, rated processing capacity, minimum processing capacity, medium inlet and outlet temperature, medium (Shell side, tube side) Allowable process operation indicators such as maximum working pressure, maximum or minimum working temperature, etc. b. How to operate the heating furnace, operating procedures and precautions for starting and stopping the furnace.

c Items and parts that should be inspected during the operation of the heating furnace, abnormal phenomena that may occur during operation and preventive measures, as well as emergency handling and reporting procedures.

③ When the following situations occur in the boiler, the boiler operator should stop the boiler immediately.

a The pressure in the furnace rose above the allowable pressure. After taking measures, the pressure continued to rise.

b When there is a serious water shortage in the boiler (it is strictly prohibited to add water to the boiler at this time).

c Although water is continuously added to the furnace, the water level in the furnace drops rapidly.

d When all water supply equipment fails and water cannot be supplied.

e When the water level rises to the top edge of the water level meter and measures are taken to be ineffective.

④ The steam pipeline should be wrapped with felt or black plastic sheeting, leaving a balm when wrapping. The connections of each steam pipeline must be tight, and leakage is strictly prohibited. The steam outlet must not face electrical facilities. After each use of the steam pipeline, drain the accumulated water to prevent freezing.

⑤ The electric belt is controlled by a dedicated line, and a leakage protection device is installed. The electric belt terminal uses an explosion-proof junction box of the electric belt, and the tail end uses a junction box.

(9) The drill pipe box is vented with steam to ensure the anti-freezing of the drilling tools and the insulation of the kelly pipe.

II. Precautions for winter drilling construction

(1) When the temperature is below 50°C, it is strictly prohibited to use a high-speed clutch to lift the traveling block to prevent the crown block from colliding after the release valve freezes and fails. ACCIDENT.

(2) The winch drum cooling and water tank circulating pump should eliminate running, bubbling, dripping and leaking before winter. Before starting the circulating water pump, manually check whether the pump shaft is rotating before starting the motor and stopping it. After use, close the water inlet valve, remove the plug at the bottom of the water pump and drain the water.

(3) Before starting the mud pump, check whether the water pipes and valves are frozen. When starting the mud pump, observe the change of the standpipe pressure gauge. Wait until the standpipe pressure is normal and the outlet pipe returns mud. run. After the mud pump enters working condition, observe the lubrication condition of the power end and whether the spray pipeline is smooth. When the mud pump is out of service for a long time, the water supply and drainage valves should be opened, the valve body should be taken out, and the mud in the valve box and cylinder liner should be purged clean with compressed air or steam. If necessary, the mud in the water supply pipe should also be removed. Let go.

(4) Before drilling, the water hose should be removed and placed in the circulation tank, and then the steam pipeline should be inserted into the gooseneck of the faucet and the rat hole, and heated with steam to prevent the faucet and kelly pipe from collapsing freeze.

(5) After drilling or before starting the pump, use steam to flush and heat the faucet pipe, and use chain pliers to turn it to check whether the faucet is frozen. When connecting the kelly pipe, pay attention to whether the water hose is twisted. After that, turn it at low speed to preheat.

(7) After drilling, the pump should be disconnected intermittently to check whether the faucet and kelly are smooth. Only when they are clear can the kelly be connected to clean the well.

(8) When connecting a single lift kelly, pay attention to whether the roller square patching core is frozen to prevent the roller square patching core from suddenly falling and injuring people.

(9) After the compressor has been shut down for more than 1 hour and restarted, the lubricating oil condition should be observed to confirm that it is normal before it can be put into normal operation.

(10) Avoid using steam close to electrical facilities and circuit switches, and the motor inlet must be covered with explosion-proof glue.

(11) Strictly implement the licensing system for hot work, and take fire and explosion prevention measures.

(12) a. Pay close attention to extremely cold weather. Low temperature conditions will affect the flexibility of human hand and foot movements. Too low temperature will reduce the flexibility of fingers, and hand muscle strength and kinesthetic abilities will be significantly reduced. Poor, resulting in frostbite and inability to work.

b. Protective measures taken: Personnel working at heights are rotated every two hours; personnel are equipped with warm labor protective equipment, especially in extremely cold weather, special cold-resistant and insulated work boots are required.

1 After the sand pump and solid control facilities are used up, drain the mud in time, run them idling and clean the inside.

2. The method of wrapping the electric tape is to stick the electric tape on the innermost layer, wrap the felt on the outside, wrap the outermost layer with black plastic sheet, and tie it firmly with brown rope to prevent water penetration.

3 Various types of equipment must promptly replace fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil and antifreeze suitable for winter temperature conditions.

3. On-site implementation results

Through the formulation of winter prevention and insulation measures, the well team employees clearly understood their areas of responsibility, inspection points, and operating procedures, and implemented the winter prevention and insulation measures. It meets the drilling process requirements and the working environment temperature requirements of the insulation area, prevents equipment from freezing, ensures that pipelines are smooth and free of freezing, and ensures safe drilling construction in winter.