Tell me about the customs and festivals in southern Fujian. Urgent.

Weiya (the 16th day of the 12th lunar month) is made to thank the land authorities for patronizing the believers' agricultural harvest and business, so it will be more grand than usual. The boss of the company number will reward employees in the company, home or restaurant as a reward for their hard work in the past year. God-sending Day (the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month) is also an important day for Kitchen God and other gods. They are used to observing people's words and deeds, returning to heaven once a year, and telling the Jade Emperor about the good and evil between gods, so as to determine the good and bad of people in the coming year. On New Year's Eve (the last day of the lunar calendar every year), family members gather around the stove, distribute lucky money after dinner, and go to a famous temple nearby in the middle of the night to worship, ready to "grab incense". Ryan (the first day of the first lunar month) Spring Festival is the most important festival in a year, so there are many taboos, such as: avoid eating porridge and dry rice on the first day of the Lunar New Year. On the day of receiving the gods (the fourth day of the first lunar month), the gods report to heaven and report the good and evil on earth. They will return to earth on the fourth day of the first lunar month to continue to worship and monitor the good and evil on earth. Therefore, we must be very cautious in welcoming the arrival day of the gods, so it is called "Receiving Day". Welcome to the god of wealth (opening), because this day is also the birthday of the "five-way god of wealth". It is more auspicious to receive the gods on the fifth day, and I hope that the business will be more prosperous and the financial resources will be extensive in the coming year. There is a saying among the people that "Heaven is Heaven, Mother and Uncle are Underground", and the sidewalk shows the nobility of God. Lantern Festival (Shangyuan) Lantern Festival is also called Shangyuan Festival. In ancient times, it was a festival that continued the lively atmosphere of the Lunar New Year, so it was also called "off-year". Supplement: Qingming Gregorian calendar on April 5th (or the day before and after) is called "Qingming", which is related to the "purity and clarity" of everything at the turn of mid-spring and late spring. Tomb-Sweeping Day is a festival that traces the origin of folk traditions, and its main activity is to sweep graves and worship ancestors. It is generally believed that sweeping graves originated in the Qin Dynasty (or existed before the Qin Dynasty), but in ancient times, sweeping graves was not necessarily in Qingming. For example, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people mostly visited graves in the first one or two cold food festivals in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Later, the tomb sweeping of the Cold Food Festival was gradually changed to Qingming, and the Cold Food Festival was forgotten. There is a saying in Quanzhou: "If you don't go home on Qingming Day, there will be no tomb (or no ancestors)." People who go out usually go home for the holidays. In Shijing, Nan 'an, the hometown of national hero Zheng Chenggong, Tomb-Sweeping Day was changed to the third day of the third lunar month, commonly known as the "March Festival" legend. Because Zheng Chenggong fought against the Qing Dynasty and recovered his eyesight, he avoided putting the word "Qing" on the word "Ming". Sacrificing ancestors, "Tomb-Sweeping Day", climbing mountains, going to graves and burning incense in Tomb-Sweeping Day are said to be the birthday of Buddha Sakyamuni on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month, commonly known as "Buddha's Birthday Festival". This is a festival that rose after Buddhism was introduced into China, but it has a long history and continues to this day, with the traditional cultural characteristics of China. According to the old man Fang Zhi, before this festival, monks in Quanzhou had to cross an alley on the first day of April to raise money for others, which was called "Prince Xi". On the eighth day of the Buddha Bathing Meeting, a "Buddha Bathing Meeting" will be held in the temple. Good men and women from all over the country prepare incense on this day and go to nearby Buddhist temples to worship for blessing. Monks and believers also bathe the Buddha with fragrant soup as a commemoration of its birth. On that day, childless people can beg their children with pancakes from nine mothers. After the spring in the long summer, people will enter the summer solar term, and the demarcation standard is long summer in the 24th solar term of the lunar calendar. This day is in early April of the lunar calendar and early May of the solar calendar. Eating shrimp noodles is an old custom in long summer. Red distiller's grains infiltrated into noodles all over Quanzhou and cooked for the whole family. Because red wine is red, auspicious and has the function of fermentation, which implies prosperity. Later, this custom evolved into buying sea shrimp and cooking it in noodles, which is called "eating shrimp (summer) noodles". Shrimp turns red when cooked, which is the same auspicious color as red wine. Shrimp is homophonic with southern Fujian in summer, which is a wish for summer. In order to make up for summer, many married daughters will prepare pork, pork bellies, pork loins, eggs and noodles for their parents to eat. This is called "making up for summer", that is, "making up for beginning of winter in winter". Summer makes up for summer. " The custom of "making up the summer" for daughters to express their filial piety to their parents is quite popular in overseas Chinese hometown and has never been lost. When it rains in summer, coastal fishermen pay special attention to the weather on "long summer" days. As the old saying goes, for example, it rains in long summer, which is extremely unfavorable to fishermen's fishing operations all year round, leading to poor harvest throughout the year. As the saying goes: "In summer, the water boiled and the sea people just died tragically!" " "This is an old custom, but it seems to lack scientific basis. However, fishermen have lived at sea for many years, and the so-called "three inches inside and outside will not die" has no absolute safety guarantee, so they have developed a strong superstition. On the other hand, farmers think that the long summer rainfall is a good sign. As the saying goes, "Long summer rains spoil summer, and farmers are like emperors", that is, abundant rain in summer can ensure a bumper harvest. Dragon Boat Festival There are two main opinions about the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month: one is to commemorate Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet in the Warring States Period; First, it has something to do with the ancients' efforts to avoid the "evil" day of the fifth day of May. On the surface, these two statements seem to have nothing to do with each other, but in fact there is a profound internal connection, that is, people commemorate Qu Yuan on the Dragon Boat Festival, not only because of their admiration for his noble sentiments, but more importantly, they hope that this "patriotic poet Bodhisattva" who has reached the peak can protect the people from "evil" days and keep peace and happiness forever. Therefore, the initial theme of the Dragon Boat Festival series of folk activities should be to exorcise evil spirits and pray for peace. In fact, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is not the only "evil" day, and the whole of May is an "evil" month. Cui Shi's "Four-person Moon Order" in the Eastern Han Dynasty reads: "It's the moon (that is, May), with Yin and Yang fighting and qi and blood scattered." In May, the climate is rainy and hot, and people's physique is poor, which is easy to spread the plague. Therefore, Liang Renzong's Chronicle of Jingchu in the Southern Dynasties said: "May is commonly known as the bad month, which is taboo." Most of the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival also focus on avoiding "evil". Quanzhou people are used to calling the Dragon Boat Festival "May Festival", which is probably related to the traditional concept that May is a bad month, but in fact May can be said to be the old Quanzhou people's month to avoid evil spirits and eliminate disasters. Families who wrap zongzi use bamboo leaves to wrap glutinous rice into zongzi, also called corn millet. According to "Continued Harmony", on May 5th, rice was filled with bamboo tubes and water was sacrificed to Qu Yuan. It is also said that a Changsha man returned to Europe in the Han Dynasty. Because he dreamed of the third brother doctor Qu Yuan, he said: The sacrifice was stolen by the dragon. Please wrap it in leaves of cattail and colored silk, and the dragon will be afraid. Aside from the legend, the custom of throwing zongzi into the river to sacrifice Qu Yuan has a long history and is still enduring. Fried heaps make up heaps, that is, wheat flour, rice flour, or sweet potato flour, which are mixed with other ingredients into paste and fried into round soft cakes in an oil pan; There are sweet heaps (with brown sugar as the ingredient) and salty heaps (fried with mung bean sprouts, leeks and white shrimp or sea clams as the ingredient). On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, it is the rainy season in the south, and it is often rainy and rainy, which is rare. According to folklore, there is a gap in the ancient goddess' mending the sky, and the sky is "leaking", so we must find a way to fill it. Therefore, on May Day, every household in Quanzhou bombed piles to worship the gods, with the purpose of blocking the cracked sky. It reflects the psychology of being afraid of long-term rain and expecting a bumper harvest in summer. On the Dragon Boat Festival, it is often sunny, so people believe that frying "piles" does have the effect of mending the sky. Stir-fry salt at noon Around noon on Dragon Boat Festival 12 o'clock, every housewife often takes a little tea and salt, fries them in a pot until the salt turns black, and then wraps them up while they are hot as family medicinal tea. Whenever there is something wrong with the stomach during the summer heat, it is quite effective to brew and drink salt tea at noon. Five kinds of plants, banyan, mugwort, calamus, willow branches and garlic, are hung on the lintel of the gate during the Dragon Boat Festival, commonly known as the "Five Sites". These are mostly aromatic plants, which can give off a certain smell, sterilize and drive away mosquitoes and flies. On the Dragon Boat Festival, every household in the countryside should make a fire stove, close the doors and windows, and burn Atractylodes lancea, cicadas or mugwort leaves on charcoal fire. Smoke fills the room and gives off a strong smell, thus killing bacteria and mosquitoes in the room. This is a very scientific indoor fumigation and disinfection method of traditional Chinese medicine. Soak in realgar. Soak a small amount of realgar in wine and drink a small amount. Or add a small amount of cinnabar, then apply it to the child's palm and feet with a brush, and write the word "Wang" on the child's forehead; Or wet it with yellow paper and stick it behind the door. Because realgar has bactericidal effect, and wine is volatile, so whether you drink it, smear it, or let it evaporate slowly, it has certain bactericidal effect. Children's skin is tender, and it can be disinfected by applying it to the palm of your hand and foot. As for the word "Wang" on his forehead, it means the same as sending a tiger hat, that is, I hope that the child will be as full of vitality when he grows up. Ying Shao's "Customs Pass" contains: "On May 5, five-color silk was tied to the arm, which was named Changminglu." Later generations are also called "the thread of life". Accordingly, this custom lasted for two thousand years from the Han Dynasty. The custom in Quanzhou is to twist the five-color silk thread into a general shape and tie it on the child's arm. It was not until Qi's birthday on July 7th that he untied it and burned it with the golden coffin. During the Dragon Boat Festival, children are specially sewed with silks and satins in the shape of birds and animals' fruits, filled with spices and realgar, so that children can hang on their chests to drive away miasma, which is good for health. "Laws and regulations", the so-called "May Festival, laws and regulations", are unique among many folk festivals. It is the Dragon Boat Festival, the season has changed from late spring to midsummer, and the atmosphere is getting warmer. At noon, housewives take well water or cook Pu 'ai soup to bathe and wash their children. Teenagers and mature men also go swimming and bathing in rivers, lakes and oceans every day. According to the cloud, if you take a bath this day, you won't get prickly heat in summer. Clear the disaster. Ganlong's "Quanzhou Prefecture Records". "Records of Customs" says: "There is no fixed date for the month (that is, May), so let the disaster go out and make a way first. In due course, paper will be used as a big ship to send five plagues. There are all kinds of tools, such as drum music, etiquette, and hundreds of plays, and water is sent to burn every time. Recently, people have used wooden boats and real tools to float on the sea. " The exorcism of "Sororo", also known as "picking lotus", is a legacy of the ancient Yue people. It is said that "Solloeum" in singing is a spell for the ancient Vietnamese to ward off evil spirits and eliminate disasters. It is also said that the ancient Vietnamese called the dragon boat "filtering", so the word "Solloeum" came into being. It is a humorous custom to drive away evil spirits and eliminate disasters. The activity time was recorded in the old local chronicles as the first day of May, and the new local chronicles as the Dragon Boat Festival. "Quanzhou Fuzhi" contains: "On the first day of May, people in temples and villages in the city welcomed guests with wooden bats, drums and gongs, singing songs, offering money or wine and rice". Rowing a dragon boat to salvage Qu Yuan's body. Later, it evolved into a folk activity of dragon boat racing. It is a form of dragon worship, that is, using the power of the dragon king to avoid evil and eliminate disasters to ensure peace. Dragon boat race is an important activity of Dragon Boat Festival, which is very popular in southern China. It was originally a sacrificial activity of the ancient Yue people to worship the water god or the dragon god, and its origin may have started at the end of primitive society. Quanzhou Dragon Boat Festival is similar to other places, but Huian Chongwu is special. In earlier years, Chongwu also had Dragon Boat Race, but it was different from other places. It is mainly an exorcism activity held at sea before the typhoon season. It is said that later, due to an accident in a certain year, the dragon boat race at sea was stopped, and the dragon boat race was changed to the upper reaches of the land. The "Arrow Song" was sung during the parade, and the lyrics were to ask the gods to eliminate disasters. Duck catching on water is a unique folk activity of Quanzhou Dragon Boat Festival. Put a peeled Chinese fir on a river boat parallel to the water surface, the longer the better, and coat it with oil to lubricate it; There is a long bamboo cage hanging from the tail of Chinese fir, which contains a live duck; A bamboo stick stands upright on the cage cover so that it can be opened at once. The swimmer kept his balance, carefully walked from the boat along the Chinese fir to the tail end, took off the cage cover, and both the swimmer and the live duck fell into the river. With the help of the swimmer, he caught the live duck. Live ducks as activity prizes. Due to the difficulty of physical balance, there are few winners and many losers. Thousands of people on the shore cheered. Purdue (the whole month of August in the lunar calendar) In the whole month of July in the lunar calendar, shops in urban and rural areas in Quanzhou take turns to celebrate the birthday of Purdue Buddha every day (from August to December in the lunar calendar). Buddha's birthday is more lively than Purdue, and every family should prepare good wine and food to worship Buddha and entertain relatives and friends. There is also a "banquet table" for Buddha. Banquet means that each household draws lots to decide what you should provide. At the same time, the Buddha's Birthday Village will also perform, and the money for the performance is donated by each household for free. There are also some religious men and women who want to donate money for acting 1-2 nights. Performances in each village usually take 3, 5 or 7 nights. The solstice of winter, commonly known as the "winter festival", was thought by the ancients to be in the cold season, but spring is not far away. Everyone who goes out at this time will go home for the winter vacation, which indicates that there will be a home at the end of the year. People in Fujian and Taiwan believe that the annual winter solstice is a festival for family reunion, because it is a day to worship ancestors. Going out and not coming home is a person who denies his ancestors. The solstice in winter is the longest night in a year. Many people use this night to make a "winter solstice circle" with glutinous rice flour. In order to distinguish it from "saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new" on the eve of the Spring Festival, the day before the Winter Festival is called "adding the year" or "dividing the year", which means that the year is not over yet, but everyone has grown up for a year. If there are pregnant women at home at this time, the winter solstice will be full, and boys will be born, otherwise girls will be born. When eating the winter solstice, the entrances must be paired for good luck. In the end, there are only two pieces left, the married are the best, and the single and unmarried are the best. At night, some families worship their ancestors with seasonal fruits and three kinds of animals. Some people "dry winter rice" on this day, that is, wash white rice with water, dry it on this day, and put it away for the sick to cook porridge later. Qixi (the seventh day of the seventh lunar month) is the only traditional festival for women in China. "The number seven" is one of the positive numbers, which represents auspiciousness, so Tanabata is also an auspicious day. Seven mothers gave birth to a "seven-mother sedan chair", seeking cleverness, eating sweets, and honoring their mother, the Central Plains (the Central Plains Festival on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month), commonly known as "Taoism called one of san huang in July and a half-the local officials in the Central Plains forgive sins", also known as "Ghost Festival". Every family prepares dishes to offer sacrifices to their ancestors. There will be no happy events this month, and there will be no new deceased "leading the Lord". It is said that ghosts who have no "home" to return to can be pardoned and come to the world to enjoy the "Purdue" sacrifice. "Quanzhou Fuzhi" contains: "In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, the temple was worshipped first, and the temple view was Lanhui." The common name is Purdue, and Taoism calls it the good and evil of Japanese local officials. He also quoted a cloud from Southern Customs: "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night, each family has its own vegetarian sacrifice, which is placed outside the door or in the alley to offer sacrifices to wild ghosts." Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15th of the lunar calendar) is generally an activity for women. Quanzhou calls the moon "the mother of the moon", which shows that we worship the moon very much. In ancient times, on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, folk women had the custom of Yue Bai. Almost every household puts incense tables in the courtyard patio, displays seasonal fruits and moon cakes, worships the Moon Mother, and burns incense and wishes. Enjoy the moon, eat moon cakes, make rich cakes, swim in the bamboo shoot river, burn towers, put on "Kongming lanterns", worship the fields and listen to incense.