Seek the outline of primary school science review

[

And animals) need to read extracurricular materials.

1. 1. 1 Understand the surrounding environment.

And can simply classify plants.

Beijing

(

, chrysanthemum), city tree (

、

)

, willow,

、

, roses,

……

1. 1.2 Knowing the names of common animals in life, we can classify animals with different standards.

、

、

、

、

wait for

1. 1.3 can summarize the * * * same characteristics of a certain kind of animals.

Body structure (head, chest, abdomen, head, trunk and limbs), number of legs, presence or absence.

, wings, feeding habits (carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous), presence or absence of hair, feathers, breeding mode (

、

)

[Life and Reproduction of Animals and Plants]

1.2. 1 Know the general process of animal and plant growth.

All animals in nature have it.

It also goes through four stages: birth, growth and development, reproduction and death. The growth of green flowering plants generally goes through a certain period.

：

Seedlings grow, blossom and bear fruit, wither and die.

The life of a silkworm is constantly growing and changing, and it has to go through

, young silkworm,

、

Four different stages of morphological change.

1.2.2 Know that reproduction is an unchanging feature of life.

* * * has the characteristics of life:

Respond to external environmental stimuli, grow and develop, die, and continue species through reproduction.

Plants spread seeds in different ways, all in order to spread seeds more widely and be beneficial to reproduction. You need to read extracurricular materials.

、

Lotus seeds,

cherry

1.2.3 To understand the different reproduction modes of several common animals, you need to read extracurricular materials.

Some animals reproduce by laying eggs, while others give birth to small animals directly.

and

It is the main way for animals to produce new life. have only

be

Whales, dolphins, cats, tigers and bears.

Add some representative animal knowledge:

Only crocodiles,

These four categories are snakes and turtles.

Frog,

be

Insects are all hexapod, and creatures that are not hexapod must not be insects.

[Basic structure and function of living things]

1.2.4 Understand the six organs of plants and their functions.

Green flowering plants consist of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds.

Composition. Roots absorb water and fix plants; Stem transports water and nutrients and supports plants; Leaves pass through

, making nutrients and oxygen; Flowers, fruits and seeds all have the function of reproduction.

Radish,

Yam belongs to the root,

、

, lotus root, ginger,

Onions belong to stems and have the function of storing nutrients.

The structure of flowers includes petals,

、

(

、

), pistil (stigma,

、

)

Seeds include seed coat and embryo (embryo,

、

),

Provide energy for seed germination.

first

No matter how long the stems and leaves are, the roots always grow downwards.

1.2.5 The function of roots and stems can be discussed.

experiment

Design the form of the experiment: the theme of the experiment; Experimental materials; Experimental method.

Design experiments to verify the functions of roots and stems (water absorption experiment of roots, pay attention to sealing, and observe the change of water quantity) (water delivery function of stems, pay attention to longitudinal cutting and transverse cutting of stems, colored water, and use of tools).

[Basic biological needs]

1.2.6 Understand that all living things need to absorb water and nutrients from the outside.

Seed germination needs water, suitable temperature and air.

Plants have basic needs for the environment. Such as air, water, sunshine, nutrients, space, etc.

Animals have basic needs for the environment. Such as air, water, space and food.

1.2.7 Understand the influence of water, sunlight, air, temperature and fertilizer on plant growth, and be able to design relevant experiments.

experiment

Make sure that only one condition changes and all other conditions remain unchanged. (When studying the condition of suitable temperature,

The situation is the same)

1.2.8 Know that different animals need to eat different foods, and animals need to consume food as life-sustaining energy.

The feeding habits of animals that need to read extracurricular materials: carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous.

[Biological adaptation to the environment] Need to read extracurricular materials.

1.3. 1 Understand the relationship between plant morphology and living environment.

1.3.2

The shapes and habits of links.

1.3.3 understand the characteristics and facts of animals and plants adapting to the environment.

For example:

Small ears help to reduce heat loss; north

, is conducive to reducing water loss.

South Africa

Ears are conducive to the timely loss of excess heat in the body; south

Plants, evaporate excess water.

[Physiology and Health]

The human body can be divided into four parts according to its shape: head, neck, trunk and limbs.

1.4. 1 Know the nutrients needed by human beings and their sources.

Nutrients needed by human body to keep healthy include protein, sugar, fat, vitamins, minerals and water.

Protein is one of the main components of our body.

Sugar and fat can provide the energy the body needs.

Vitamins and minerals are regulated.

The role of.

Water can help the body.

discharge

1.4.2 Understanding

the importance of

No food contains all nutrients, and all nutrients have different functions, so we should eat different foods.

1.4.3 Understand the digestive process and food hygiene of human body.

Teeth have

、

、

Three kinds of teeth have different functions.

demic

Including the oral cavity,

, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

Food corruption is

Caused by mass reproduction.

Growth and reproduction need air, moisture and suitable temperature.

sabotage

Growth and reproduction conditions (freezing, sun drying, sterilization, sealing, etc.). ) you can slow down.

Speed. (you can only slow down, you can't keep it fresh forever)

1.4.4 Understand the breathing process of human body and

The emergence and prevention of

Keywords nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea,

, lungs.

, complete refueling

. (Gas in and out sequence)

1.4.5 Understand the function and health care of heart and blood vessels.

Cardiac contraction, relaxation,

Fluid is transported through blood vessels to the whole body.

1.4.6 Understand the factors that affect the heart rate.

The exercise of human body needs to consume a lot of oxygen and lung qi.

The blood transport function of the heart is very important.

1.4.7 got it.

Action experiment based on

Eyes (see), ears (hear), nose (smell), tongue (taste), hands (touch).

Materials science group

[Characteristics of the object]

2. 1. 1 You can judge the characteristics of objects with your senses and describe them.

Senses include: eyes (see), ears (hear), nose (smell), tongue (taste) and hands (touch).

The description of an object generally includes: color, shape, smell, shape and feeling.

2. 1.2 can simply classify or sort objects according to their characteristics.

Color, hardness, undulation, magnetism, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, etc.

2. 1.3 will use simple instruments and tools for experiments.

、

Measure the volume of liquid.

Balance: Measure the mass of an object.

: measure mass and force

: measure temperature

、

、

、

、

wait for

2. 1.4 Knowing that heating or cooling can change the shape or size of an object, you can name some common ones.

phenomenon

When an object changes from cold to hot or from hot to cold, its volume will change, which can be perceived by our senses or observed by certain devices and experiments.

Most solids, liquids and gases have the characteristics of expanding when heated and contracting when cooled. The weight remains the same.

There are also some solids and liquids under certain conditions.

Cold swelling.

ordinary

Phenomenon: water will become bigger after freezing into ice; Cold cups are easy to burst when poured with boiling water; There will be gaps on the train tracks; summer

, cars,

The tires of electric vehicles should not be inflated too much to prevent gas expansion at high temperature.

Also used

The principle of.

[Characteristics and uses of materials]

2. 1.5 It can be judged that objects are made of different materials.

An object can be made of a single material or a variety of materials.

2. 1.6 Objects can be classified according to their materials.

Common materials are: paper, plastic, metal, wood and ceramics.

2. 1.7 Know the properties of some materials (such as whether they are conductive, whether they are dissolved, whether they are heat transfer, whether they are

Fluctuation) experiment

(

It can be used to describe materials, including color, thickness, feel, smell, hardness, water absorption, conductivity, solubility, heat transfer, fluctuation and so on.

Characteristics of paper: water absorption, non-conductivity, insolubility in water, heat transfer,

Properties of wood: water-absorbing, hard and dry wood is nonconductive, insoluble in water, capable of transferring heat and floating in water.

Properties of metal (iron): non-absorbent, hard, conductive, good heat transfer effect, and submerged in water.

Properties of ceramics: non-absorbent, hard, non-conductive, insoluble, capable of heat transfer and sinking into water.

get through

All kinds of natural materials can be used, which can be changed in production and changed in properties after processing.

2. 1.8 materials can be classified according to the above properties and are related to their uses.

Different materials have different properties, and the properties of materials determine the use of materials.

Some materials can be reused, and some waste materials can be used to make new products, but the degree of reuse of various materials is different.

The processing and use of materials are closely related to the environment, so we need to choose consumption.

[Changes and utilization of substances]

2. 1.9 knows that there are three common states of matter.

Matter is divided into solid, liquid and gas.

2. 1. 10 It is known that the change of temperature can change the state of matter.

When the temperature rises to a certain extent, solids can become liquids and liquids can become gases;

When the temperature drops to a certain extent, gas can become liquid and liquid can become solid.

[Position and Movement]

2.2. 1 The relationship between distance and time can be expressed by simple charts or graphs.

2.2.2 Know that the motion of an object needs to be described by direction and speed.

[common strength]

2.2.3 Know that pushing and pulling can change the motion of objects.

To make a stationary object move, you must exert a force on it. To make an object move faster, you must exert more force on it. To change the state of an object, it must be powerful.

The greater the elasticity, the longer the action time and the farther the car moves.

A moving object will stop itself if it loses power because of friction.

2.2.4 Know that both thrust and tension are forces, and forces have magnitude and direction.

It is made by using the characteristics of "great force and long elongation" of spring. The unit of force is "cow, n"

2.2.5 Understand the common forces in life (such as wind, water, gravity, elasticity, buoyancy, friction, etc.). ).

Gravity is the downward pull of an object due to the attraction of the earth.

Elastic force is the force to restore the original shape when the shape of an object changes.

When the gas in the balloon is ejected, it will produce a thrust opposite to the ejection direction.

Friction is the force generated by the friction between the contact surfaces when an object moves on the surface of another object.

All objects will be affected by buoyancy in water, and the bigger the object immersed in water, the greater the buoyancy. When the buoyancy of an object in water is greater than its gravity, it will float, and when it is less than its gravity, it will sink. The buoyancy of an object floating on the water is equal to gravity.

The magnitude of friction is related to the smoothness of the contact surface of the object: the smoother the surface, the smaller the friction; The rougher the surface, the greater the friction. The magnitude of friction is related to the weight of the object: the heavier the object, the greater the friction; The lighter the object, the less friction. The magnitude of friction is related to the motion mode of the object (rolling or sliding). For the same object, the rolling friction is small and the sliding friction is large.

Friction is sometimes useful to us and sometimes harmful to us. When working, sometimes it is necessary to increase the friction force and sometimes it is necessary to decrease the friction force.

[Generation and Propagation of Sound]

2.3. 1 Know that sound is produced by the vibration of objects.

Sound is produced by the vibration of objects.

2.3.2 Be able to distinguish the size and height of sound.

And volume are two basic indicators to describe sound.

Changing the way an object vibrates can change what it produces.

And volume.

The volume is determined by the vibration amplitude of the object. The greater the vibration amplitude, the stronger the sound. The smaller the amplitude, the weaker the sound.

It is determined by the vibration frequency of the object. The faster the vibration frequency, the higher the sound. The slower the vibration frequency, the lower the sound.

The vibration frequency is affected by the following factors

The length of the part that extends out of the table. The length of this part will cause the change of pitch: the longer the pitch, the lower the pitch and the shorter the pitch. experiment

Sound travels from one place to another in the form of waves through objects.

People's ears have a membrane, and sounds vibrate when they touch it; The ears and brain will convert these vibrations into the feeling of sound.

2.3.3 Be able to distinguish

And noise

It is the regular vibration of the object, and noise is the irregular vibration of the object.

2.3.4 Understand the hazards and prevention of noise.

Loud or loud sounds will damage our hearing. Protecting our hearing is to prevent our ears from hearing too high or too strong.

[

]

2.3.5 Know that the temperature indicates the degree of heat and cold of the object, and know the unit of temperature.

The degree of heat and cold of an object is called temperature, and the temperature of the object can be used as

Take measurements.

The degree-day used in China is Celsius, expressed in℃.

For an object, the object dissipates heat and the temperature drops; Objects gain heat and the temperature rises. By measuring the temperature change of an object, we can know whether the object loses heat or gains heat.

2.3.6 Thermometer experiment can be used.

How to use a thermometer:

1, observe the thermometer to be used before measurement to understand it.

(

), unit and

(Temperature value corresponding to each battery);

2. When measuring, make the glass bulb of the thermometer fully contact with the liquid to be measured (to be immersed in the liquid to be measured), and do not touch the container;

3. Read again after the indicator is stable;

4. When reading, the glass bulb of the thermometer should be left in the liquid to be measured, and no reading can be taken. The line of sight should be flush with the liquid level of the thermometer.

2.3.7 Know that heat is always transferred from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects until the temperatures of the objects are equal.

Heat is a form of energy, which can be transferred from the higher temperature end of an object to the lower temperature end, and from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object until the two temperatures are equal.

2.3.8 Understand the commonly used heat transfer and insulation methods.

Heat can be generated in a variety of ways (

Air and liquid

And can be produced without any culture medium.

) pass, different

The power of heat is different.

It is a mode of transmission from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects and from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects.

Objects made of different materials,

The energy is different. experiment

Like metal

An object that can perform well is called a good conductor of heat; Like plastic, wood, air,

An object with poor energy is called

It can slow things down.

Quantity loss. For example, wearing more clothes will make people feel hot.

[

]

I know

phenomenon

Objects that can emit light by themselves, such as electric lights, are called light sources.

Light travels in a straight line. Light-blocking objects have shadows because light travels in a straight line.

The conditions of shadow generation are light source, light blocking object and screen. experiment

The length, direction and size of the shadow of an object under light irradiation are related to the position, direction and distance of the light source.

The shape of the shadow is related to the shape of the side of the object illuminated by the light source.

During the day, the shadows of objects under the sun will change with the position and direction of the sun.

2.3. 10 Yes.

Or the magnifying glass can be changed.

routine

When light touches an object during propagation, it will be reflected, and the reflected light also travels in a straight line.

The principle is widely used in production and life. automobile

、

Waiting for someone.

Application of principles.

use

and

The characteristics of light concentration can get strong light and high temperature. Books have been widely used in real life.

The ability of an object to absorb heat is related to the color of the object, the roughness of the surface and the angle of sunlight.

Many light sources are also heating when they shine. The sun is the largest light source and heat source on the earth.

Solar energy is a clean, energy-saving and safe energy source, and people are vigorously developing and utilizing it.

[

]

2.3. 1 1 Understand that electricity is a common energy source in life and work.

There are many things in life.

Objects can be charged by friction and other means.

Objects with the same charge repel each other.

Charged objects attract each other.

The continuous flow of charge in the circuit will produce current.

2.3. 12 Yes.

common sense

36 volts. The AC power supply in China is 220 volts. Don't touch the power supply with your hands.

When the two ends of the battery are directly connected by wires, a short circuit will occur.

2.3. 13 know that the work of common electrical appliances needs a complete loop.

Only when current flows through the filament will the small light bulb glow. It takes a complete circuit to light a small light bulb with electricity.

Electricity returns from one end of the battery through wires and appliances to the other end of the battery to form a complete circuit, which is called a closed loop.

2.3. 14 Understand the function of the switch.

A switch can control the circuit by closing or opening the circuit.

2.3. 15 Yes.

It is mainly composed of batteries, wires, bulbs and switches.

Including power supply, electrical appliances, wires and switches.

2.3. 16 can connect a simple circuit with some basic components.

seashore

Luhebing

The circuit is composed of two circuits with different connection modes.

seashore

Lu: All the appliances are in one circuit (one is off, all are off).

Parallel circuit: all appliances are not in the same circuit (there will be no interference between appliances), such as traffic lights (three switches) and street lamps (one switch controls all bulbs).

This experiment uses a closed loop to light a small light bulb and circuit.

, the physical connection diagram of the circuit will be drawn (pay attention to the two connection points of the small light bulb)

[

]

2.3. 17 can explore and understand the properties of magnets.

Magnets can attract iron objects. This property is called magnetism. Magnets can also adsorb iron through some objects.

On the magnet

The strongest part is called a magnetic pole, and a magnet has two magnetic poles. experiment

Hanging in different positions of the magnet

or

Look at the numbers and find the most magnetic part.

Magnets can point to the north and south poles. The magnetic pole of the guide rail is called the south pole, which is represented by "S"; The magnetic pole pointing to the north is called the North Pole and is represented by "n". experiment

Hang the magnetic bar in the air and observe the direction in which it stops after running.

Like magnets repel, opposite magnets attract. The action of the two magnetic poles is mutual. experiment

Two or more magnets are attracted together,

The size will change. experiment

Observe one magnet, two magnets. ...

Size (attraction)

Quantity difference)

It is an instrument that uses the property that magnets can refer to north and south to indicate the direction.

Steel needles can be turned into magnets by the friction of magnets.

Earth and Cosmic Sciences Section

[Overview of the Earth]

3. 1. 1 Know the shape of the earth.

The earth is an irregular sphere with slightly flat poles and slightly bulging equator.

3. 1.2 knows that the earth is composed of a small part of land and most of water.

There are rivers, oceans, mountains and plateaus on the surface of the earth.

. The surface is about

This area is covered with water.

Running water, wind, waves, glaciers, etc. Will erode the surface.

And form different

land

Size, whether there is vegetation coverage,

The size of soil will affect the degree of soil erosion.

3. 1.3 knows that there is heat inside the earth.

The movement inside the earth and the influence of external forces are the reasons for the formation and remodeling of various terrains on the earth's surface.

Internal movements include volcanoes and earthquakes.

3. 1.4 Knowing that human beings are right

The history of cognition

、

This voyage proved the correctness of the earth's spherical theory.

[Rock, sand, soil]

3. 1.5 Understanding the characteristics of common rocks

Rock has its own characteristics in color, pattern, particle size and feel.

Minerals have their own characteristics in color, stripes, hardness, transparency, luster and shape.

3. 1.6 Different classification standards can be used for rocks.

Line classification

Preliminary understanding

、

、

、

、

Remarkable characteristics and uses of several common rocks.

3. 1.7 Know the composition of the soil

Will eventually turn rocks into soil.

Soil inclusion

Particles of different sizes (pebbles, sand,

) and

, water and air, etc.

The experiment will use some methods to observe the composition of soil:

Adding water, stirring, standing, observing the stratification of large and small particles and seeing bubbles at the same time; The smell after burning, observation

Wrapped the soil and found water.

[Water and air]

3. 1.9 knows that water can dissolve some substances.

Experimental dissolution experiment (three methods to speed up dissolution, pay attention to

Experiment: in the stirring position, you can't touch the bottom of the cup, you can only use one method)

Filtering experiment (

、

The use of equipment such as)

One position: namely

Make close to

Inner wall.

Second lowest: 1.

Below the edge

Edge. 2. The liquid level is lower than

Edge.

Three lean: 1. Contains a mixture.

Adjoin with

. 2.

The lower end is close to the third filter paper. 3. The nozzles at the lower end of the funnel are close to each other.

Inner wall.

Different substances have different solubility in water. Some substances are soluble in water, while others are insoluble in water. There is a limit to the dissolution of substances in water. (Cannot be dissolved indefinitely)

Dissolution means that the substance is evenly and stably dispersed in the water, and will not settle by itself, and the substance cannot be separated from the water by filtration.

The speed at which a substance dissolves in water is related to the particle size (surface area) of the object, the temperature of the water, whether the liquid is stirred or not, and other factors.

Salt can be separated from water by evaporation.

3. 1. 10 can be proved by some methods.

The existence of qi

Air exists around us and can be perceived by our senses;

Occupy space, air has weight.

experiment

Occupy space (the paper ball at the bottom of the cup will not get wet when the cup is inverted and immersed in water)

3. 1. 1 1 Know that human beings need to read extracurricular materials to make use of the nature of air.

3. 1. 12 Knowing that human activities are right

Adverse effects and protection.

the importance of

Need to read extracurricular materials

[Weather changes]

3.2. 1 Know that the weather can be described by some measurable quantities (such as temperature, wind direction and wind force).

The weather features mainly include

、

Wind power, wind direction, humidity and temperature.

3.2.2 Will observe with a thermometer, collect relevant data, analyze the data and draw some conclusions.

Thermometer,

、

and

This is a tool for measuring the weather.

3.2.3 It is necessary to read extracurricular materials and list examples of the influence of weather changes on the behavior of animals and plants.

Animals hibernate and molt; The germination time of plants is affected by temperature.

3.2.4 Experience and list examples of the impact of weather changes on human work and life. You need to read extracurricular materials! Take the lead