How are leeks grown?

First, seed selection and sowing

1, seed selection

Select local varieties of small-leaf leek which are resistant to pests and diseases, cold and heat, strong ramets and good in appearance and internal quality.

Step 2 sow seeds

(1) Seeding method: seedling raising and transplanting.

(2) sowing date. Spring sowing is usually in mid-March, and summer sowing is in late April. Autumn sowing time is from late August to mid September.

(3) sowing amount. 4 ~ 6kg seeds per 667m2.

(4) seed treatment. Dry seeds can be directly sown (mainly in spring) or soaked in warm water at 40℃ 12 h to remove chaff seeds and impurities. Wash away the mucus on the seeds and accelerate germination (mainly sowing in autumn).

(5) accelerate germination. Wrap the soaked seeds with wet cloth and put them at 16℃ ~ 20℃ to accelerate germination. Wash 1 ~ 2 times a day with clear water, and when its tip is exposed, 60% of seeds can be planted.

(6) Soil preparation and fertilization. Before sowing, the land should be ploughed, combined with fertilization, and carefully raked after ploughing to make the boundary. The varieties of base fertilizer are mainly high-quality organic fertilizer, common chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Under the condition of medium fertility, combined with soil preparation, 6 000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer, 6.6 kg of urea and 60 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied every 667㎡, and they were deeply ploughed into the soil.

(7) sowing. Tread on the furrow (border) once, water along the furrow (border), mix 2-3 times of sand (or screened furnace ash) in the furrow and border after water seepage, and cover with screened fine soil1.6-2cm per mu. Cover with plastic film or straw immediately after sowing, and remove the bed cover when 70% seedlings are covered with soil.

Second, field management after sowing

1, fertilizer and water management: water every 2-3 days before emergence to keep the soil surface moist. From full seedling to seedling height 16 cm, a small amount of water was poured in about 7 days, and 6.6 kg urea was topdressing every 667 ㎡. Drainage and flood control in high wet rainy season. After beginning of autumn, the combined water was topdressing twice, with 8.7 kg urea per 667 ㎡ each time. Generally, it is not harvested before planting to promote strong seedlings and roots. When the weather turns cold, water supply should be stopped and frozen water should be poured before freezing.

2. Weeding: Pull up weeds 2-3 times in time after emergence, or control monocotyledonous weeds with herbicides such as quizalofop-p-ethyl and Gaicaoneng.

Third, colonization and management.

1. Planting time: seedlings planted in spring should be planted in summer to the future; Sowing seedlings in summer should be planted before and after the heat, avoiding high temperature and rainy July and August; Seedlings sown in autumn should be sown around Qingming next year. The planting period should be staggered in high temperature and high humidity seasons, which is not conducive to the slow growth of leek seedlings after planting.

2. Planting method: take out leek seedlings, cut off the tip of fibrous roots and leave 2 ~ 3 cm to promote the development of new roots. Then cut off a section of leaf top to reduce leaf evaporation and maintain the balance between root absorption and leaf evaporation. According to the row spacing of 18 ~ 20 cm and the hole spacing of 18~20 cm, it is suitable to plant 8 ~ 18 seedlings in each hole in the border. Or ditching according to the row spacing of 30-36 cm, the ditch depth is16-20 cm, the hole spacing is16-20 cm, and 20-30 seedlings are planted in each hole, which is suitable for producing softened leeks, and the cultivation depth is appropriate without burying tillers.

3. Water management: water twice after planting, and hoe and row seedlings 2-3 times in time. After that, the soil should be kept dry and wet, and drainage should be done in time during the rainy season. When the maximum temperature drops below 12℃, water should be reduced, the soil surface should be kept dry, and frozen water should be poured before freezing.

4. Fertilization management: Fertilization should be based on the growth, weather and soil moisture, and the principle of light application and diligent application should be adopted. When the height of seedlings is below 35 cm, 500 kg; +00% ~ 20% decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied every 667 ㎡; When the seedling height is above 35 cm, 800 kg of 30% decomposed manure is applied in 667㎡, and at the same time, 5 ~ 10 kg of urea or 5 kg of compound fertilizer is applied, and the dilution ratio is increased in dry weather.

Fourth, soften leeks.

1, soil raising and green branch cutting: soil raising is the main measure to soften the stem, which is generally carried out twice: 1 soil raising is carried out when the seedling height is 50 cm; 10 d, cut off the upper leek, and then carry out the second soil cultivation. The soil should be about 20 cm thick. When raising soil, apply compound fertilizer first, and then water 10% human excrement and urine once.

2. Shading and covering: After the leek is cut, cover it with shading to make it opaque and soft.

4. Timely harvesting: when the leek grows to a height of about 40 ~ 50 cm, harvest it in time.

Five, pest control

1. Main pests: leek maggot and leaf miner are the main pests; The main diseases are gray mold, epidemic disease and downy mildew.

2. Physical prevention. Sugar water trapping and killing: Mix sugar, vinegar, wine, water and 90% trichlorfon crystals in the ratio of 3: 3: 3: 10: 0.6, and put 1 ~ 3 pots every 667 ㎡, add them at any time, and keep dry to trap and kill flies and pests.

3. Chemical control. Epidemic disease: 68% metronidazole-manganese-zinc wettable powder was sprayed with 500 times solution every 667m2120g for 7 days.

Extended data:

1, leek yellow is also called "leek bud", "leek yellow bud" and "leek yellow", commonly known as "leek white", which is the product of leek softening and yellowing. Leek is dark and grows completely in the dark. Because there is no sunlight supply, it can't carry out photosynthesis. Chlorophyll will turn yellow after synthesis, which is called "leek yellow".

2. Due to insufficient sunshine, it is yellow and white, and its nutritional value is not as good as that of leek. It is a perennial herb of Liliaceae, with seeds and leaves as medicine. Has the effects of invigorating stomach, refreshing mind, stopping sweating, arresting astringency, tonifying kidney, strengthening yang, and arresting ejaculation.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia _ Jiuhuang Science Popularization China _ Baiqi Jiuhuang Cultivation Techniques