What are the climatic requirements for growing oats?

The lowest temperature of seed germination is 3-4 degrees, the seedlings are at a low temperature of -2-3 degrees, and the adult plants are not frozen at -4 degrees. Generally, the requirement for jointing to maturity is 10- 13 degrees. Sensitive to high temperature, high temperature from heading to filling leads to poor fruiting and grain formation. The water requirement is high, the water absorption of seed germination is 65% of its own weight, and the water requirement gradually increases from tillering to booting stage; Water shortage in flowering period, the yield decreased; After the milk is cooked, the water demand decreases; Dry during the fruiting period. Drought and water shortage and high temperature weather are important factors limiting the production and sales of oats. Oats have low requirements for soil, and clay, loam and swamp soil can be planted. Clay and sand rich in organic matter are most suitable, but it is not easy to grow on dry sand. Oats in China are mainly distributed in the cold regions of Northeast China, North China and Northwest China.

Oats are excellent forage and feed crops. The crude protein content is generally 14- 15%, and the highest is 19%. The seed yield per mu is 150-200 kg, which is a high-quality concentrated feed for livestock and poultry; The yield of straw is 325-425 kg per mu, and the grass is soft, and its feeding value is higher than that of other wheat straws. Generally, the yield of green hay per mu is 400-600 kg, which is the main forage for livestock in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas in winter; Due to the short growth period, it only takes 60-70 days from emergence to green mowing. Early mowing to feed chickens, rabbits and pigs has a good effect. It has the ability of regeneration, and the regenerated grass can be used for grazing in early mowing.

The technical points of oat artificial cultivation are as follows: Oat cultivation is similar to Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus in soil preparation. The sowing amount in the field is generally12.5-15 kg; Grassland 15- 17.5 kg. Grass and green oats are planted in the barn, and the sowing amount is halved. If it is used as a protective crop of elymus sibiricus, the sowing amount per mu is 7-8 kg. The ratio of mixed sowing with arrowroot is 6: 4. The sowing depth is 3-4 cm. Seeds collected in pastoral areas should be sown in late April to early May; The grass should be harvested at the beginning of June and sown in the middle of June at the latest. Mixed sowing with arrowtongue peas should be carried out in mid-May. Generally, sowing is adopted, and drilling is carried out when conditions permit, and the row spacing is 15-20cm. When mixed with peas, seeds should be sown separately.

Oats have different uses and different harvest periods. Oat seeds should be harvested, threshed, dried and stored in time at maturity. Silage should be mowed from heading to early flowering. Whether it is stored in a cellar or in a plastic bag, it needs to be short and 4-6 cm long. Hay preparation should be carried out from heading to flowering, bundled after mowing, and stored on shelves in areas with heavy rainfall to prevent mildew. In alpine pastoral areas, suitable sowing date can be arranged in a planned way, and freeze-dried after frost to harvest high-quality freeze-dried grass.

Author animal husbandry expert Gao Guang