Cultivation techniques of horseshoe

Always keep the basin soil moist during the growing period, and spray water on the leaves and the ground at ordinary times to increase the air humidity. Topdressing liquid fertilizer 1 time every half month. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied before flowering to control the growth of stems and leaves, promote the differentiation of flower buds and ensure the quality of flowers. Don't let the fertilizer water flow into the petiole when fertilizing, so as not to cause rot. Spray a new layer of high-fat film to keep fat and moisture.

If there are too many leaves in the growing period, a few old leaves can be removed to facilitate the extraction of pedicels, and February-May is the flowering period. Spraying Hua Zhuang Di Ling in bud stage can make the buds strong, the petals plump, the colors bright, the flowers fragrant and the flowering period prolonged. The big ball blooms and the small ball can raise seedlings. After the hot weather in late May, the plants began to turn yellow, so we should gradually stop watering and shade moderately to prevent water accumulation.

Potted plants should be moved to a ventilated and semi-shady place, so that the pots can be placed on the side to avoid rainwater accumulation, so as to keep dry and promote dormancy. After all the leaves turn yellow, the bulbs can be taken out, dried and stored in a ventilated and cool place. Before planting in autumn, cut off the aging part at the bottom of bulb and replant it.

The main disease is soft rot: control methods: remove the diseased plants and disinfect the planting holes with 200 times formalin and new high-fat film; The main pest is red spider: when it happens, it is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture and added with new high-fat film. It can be controlled by 3000 times of phosphorus trichloride solution.

Extended data:

Eleocharis tuberosa is an enlarged bulb at the top of the underground stolon of Eleocharis tuberosa. It has a slender creeping rhizome, and the tuber is produced at the top of the creeping rhizome.

Most culms are tufted, upright, cylindrical, with a height of15-60cm and a diameter of1.5-3mm, with many transverse diaphragms. After drying, the surface of the stalk is knotted, but it is not obvious, gray-green, smooth and hairless. No leaves, only 2-3 leaf sheaths at the base of the stem; The sheath is near the membrane, yellow-green, purple-red or brown, 2-20 cm high, with an oblique sheath mouth and a sharp tip. Spikelets are terminal, cylindrical, 1.5-4 cm long, 6-7 mm in diameter, very pale green, with blunt or nearly acute tips.

There are many flowers, and there are two scales at the base of spikelet, which are hollow without flowers and hold the base of spikelet for a week; Other scales all have flowers, which are loosely arranged in the shape of compound tiles, wide oblong or oval, with obtuse top, length of 3-5 mm, width of 2.5-3.5(-4) mm, gray-green back, nearly leathery, yellowish dry film on the edge, light brown fine spots everywhere and midvein; There are 7 inferior bristles; Smaller nuts are one and a half times longer and have barbs; Stigma 3.

Nutlets are broadly obovate and biconvex, with no constriction at the top, about 2.4 mm long and 65438 0.8 mm wide. When mature, it is brown, smooth, yellowish and greenish, and the surface cells are four to hexagonal. The base of the style suddenly narrows from the wide base to a flat triangle, which is not spongy and has a collar-like ring at the base. The ring width is the same as that of nutlet, and the width is about 1/2 of nutlet. The flowering and fruiting period is May-65438+1October.

Water chestnut likes to grow in ponds or paddy fields. Like warmth, humidity and fear of freezing, it is suitable for growing in loam with soft topsoil and solid subsoil.

It is required to have a plough layer of 20-25 cm during cultivation, which is not only beneficial to the growth and development of bulbs, but also can prevent bulbs from drilling deep, and the individual development size is uniform and tidy, which is also beneficial to excavation and harvesting. Too sticky topsoil is not conducive to the expansion of bulbs, too much humus, the sugar content of bulbs is reduced, and the sweetness is poor. It is suitable for growing in shallow water. In terms of nutritional requirements, nitrogen fertilizer needs less and phosphorus fertilizer needs more. Adequate light is needed throughout the growing period.

Seed selection

Propagation uses bulbs, also known as fruit balls, for asexual reproduction. Eleocharis tuberosa propagates through stolons. Before sowing, bulbs with complete epidermis, stout terminal buds, dark brown epidermis, single bulb weight above 65438±0.5g and characteristics of cultivated varieties were selected as seeds. Before sowing, soak in 500 times solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 65,438 0.8-24 hours and kill.

Seedling raising time

The seedling raising time of water chestnut depends on the transplanting period. Early water eleocharis tuberosa seedlings began to grow 40-45 days before transplanting (from late March to early April) because of the low temperature in the early stage, and late water eleocharis tuberosa seedlings began to grow 20-25 days before planting because of the high temperature. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally raise seedlings from Qingming to Grain Rain. Before raising seedlings, germinate indoors, then sow and follow the seeds in the paddy field.

Accelerating germination of seed clove

The method of accelerating germination indoors is to spread a layer of rice straw about 10 cm on the ground, arrange the seed buds on the rice straw upward, stack them with 3-4 layers, cover them with rice straw, and spray water once in the morning and evening. 10- 15 days later, when the buds grow to 3-4 cm, they can be transplanted for seedling.

Seedling preparation

Seedlings should be planted in fertile and loose places with convenient irrigation and drainage. Paddy fields should be plowed and raked, and ditches should be left around, because the nutrition for water chestnut growth in this period mainly comes from water chestnut bulbs, and paddy fields generally do not need fertilization.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-horseshoe