What is the temperature of surface water?

The temperature of surface water is usually between 4°C and 25°C, because the temperature of surface water changes with changes in sunshine and air temperature. The temperature of groundwater is closely related to the ground temperature. Generally speaking, the temperature of groundwater is relatively constant. The deeper the groundwater is, the more constant the water temperature is.

At a certain temperature, the air can only contain a certain amount of water vapor. The maximum moisture content of the air at 10℃ is 9.3g/m3, and the maximum moisture content at 5℃ is 6.8g/m3 , more than the above amount of water will condense into a liquid state and separate from the air. Due to the large temperature difference between day and night in such areas, the water content in the air may not be enough during the day. However, when the temperature is very low at night, the water vapor in the air becomes supersaturated, and the excess water vapor separates out of the air and accumulates on the surface. It condenses into water and seeps into the ground to recharge groundwater.

Extended information:

The formation of surface water:

Surface water is formed by the accumulation of natural precipitation and snow over the years, and is naturally lost to the ocean or It disappears through evaporation and seeps into the ground.

Although the natural source of water for any surface water system comes solely from precipitation in the catchment, there are many other factors that influence the total amount of water in the system. These factors include the water storage capacity of lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs, the permeability of soils, and the characteristics of surface runoff in the catchment. Human activities have a significant impact on these properties. Humans build reservoirs to increase water storage, and drain wetlands to reduce water storage. Human reclamation activities and the construction of ditches increase the volume and intensity of runoff.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Surface Water