Who can say something about Iceland's climate, economy and geographical location?

With an area of103,000 square kilometers, it is the second largest island in Europe. It is the westernmost country in Europe. It is located in Reykjavik, the capital of the central North Atlantic, and its north is near the Arctic Circle. Iceland is covered by glaciers, with an area of 8,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 4,970 kilometers. The whole Iceland is a bowl-shaped highland, surrounded by coastal mountains and with a plateau in the middle. Most of them are platforms, and the height of the platforms is between 400 and 800 meters. Individual peaks can reach 1.300 to 1.700 meters. The highest peak in Iceland is Mount Huanada Snook (265,438+0,654,38+0.9 meters). The lowland area is very small, and there are marine plains and ice water alluvial plains in the west and southwest, accounting for about 7% of the whole island area. The coastline without glaciers is irregular, with many fjords and bays. Other coastal areas are mainly beaches, and sandbars off the coast form lagoons.

Iceland has more than 100 volcanoes, which are called "polar fire islands". There are 200 to 300 volcanoes and 40 to 50 active volcanoes. The main volcanoes are Laki Volcano, Huanadals Volcano, Haikela Volcano and catra Volcano. Nuuk volcano in Huana Darce is the highest peak in China, with an altitude of 2 1 19 meters. Almost the whole country of Iceland is built on volcanic rocks, and most of the land cannot be cultivated. From 1963 to 1967, volcanic activity in the southwest coast formed an island of about 2. 1 square kilometer.

Iceland has the largest number of hot springs in the world, so it is called "the country of ice and fire". There are about 250 alkaline hot springs on the island, and the largest hot spring can produce 200 liters of spring water per second.

Iceland has many fountains, waterfalls, lakes and fast-flowing rivers. Sijursao, the largest river, is 227 kilometers long. Iceland has a cold temperate maritime climate with changeable climate. Influenced by the North Atlantic warm current, it is milder than other places in the same latitude. The sunshine time is long in summer and extremely short in winter. Aurora can be seen in autumn and early winter. Iceland is called "Volcanic Island", "Kirishima", "Frozen Soil" and "Island of Ice and Fire".

Geothermal resources are abundant and hot springs are widely distributed.

climate

Located at high latitude, the south belongs to temperate maritime climate and the north belongs to tundra climate.

Influenced by the North Atlantic warm current, it mainly flows out from its south, and there is a branch around its west and north. Therefore, although it is located near the Arctic Circle, the temperature is not low in winter and between 7- 12℃ in summer.

Located near the center of low pressure in Iceland, the weather is changeable. Cyclones have brought abundant precipitation to Iceland. The annual average precipitation in southwest and west is between 1000 ~ 2000mm, and it is less in north and northeast, which is 400 ~ 600 mm. Rain and snow weather may occur in any season.

hydrology

Rivers radiate from the central plateau. The main rivers are: Fyodlesme Glacier, etc. Iceland Iceland is not only the center of the Quaternary ice sheet, but also modern glaciers are distributed on the plateau, mainly shield-shaped ice cap glaciers and a few ice bucket glaciers, accounting for 1 1.5% of the total island area. There are Vatna Ice Sheet, Lange Ice Sheet, Hoves Ice Sheet and Mida Glacier. Among them, the Vatna ice sheet covers an area of 8,450 square kilometers and its thickness is between several hundred meters and 2 kilometers. It is the largest glacier in the world except Antarctica and Greenland.

plant

Tundra is widely distributed, with grassland area accounting for 24%, and animal husbandry is relatively developed. The forest area accounts for about 65,438+0.37%, which is distributed in the leeward and sunny slopes and valleys, mainly birch shrubs. In recent decades, many cold-resistant conifers and cypresses have been introduced from Europe and America and grow well.

Geological landform

Since the late Early Miocene, it has been formed by the accumulation of upper mantle materials spilled from the rift valley in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, belonging to a volcanic island. The rocks that make up Iceland are all volcanic rocks, and the most widely distributed are basalt, andesite, rhyolite and so on.

There are many volcanoes on Iceland's geothermal wonders island, which is known as the "polar fire island". There are 200 to 300 volcanoes and 40 to 50 active volcanoes. The main volcanoes are Laki Volcano, Huanadals Volcano, Haikela Volcano and catra Volcano. Volcanic activity in the southwest coast from 1963 to 1967 formed an island of about 2. 1 square kilometer. Iceland has the largest number of hot springs in the world. There are about 250 alkaline hot springs on the island, and the largest hot spring can produce 200 liters of spring water per second.

From the basic topography, Iceland is a bowl-shaped highland, surrounded by coastal mountains and with a plateau in the middle. Most of them are platforms, and the height of the platforms is between 400 and 800 meters. Individual peaks can reach 1.300 to 1.700 meters. The highest peak in Iceland is Mount Huanada Snook (265,438+0,654,38+0.9 meters). The lowland area is very small, and there are marine plains and ice water alluvial plains in the west and southwest, accounting for about 7% of the whole island area. The coastline without glaciers is irregular, with many fjords and bays. Other coastal areas are mainly beaches, and sandbars off the coast form lakes.

Geothermal resources are abundant and hot springs are widely distributed.

historical geography

Iceland was the last uninhabited big island in the world before Scandinavians and Celts immigrated to Iceland in the 9th century and10th century. Iceland established the world's earliest parliament (Icelandic: Al? Ingi), although this parliament did not run for a long time. Some written evidence shows that Irish monks lived in Iceland before the arrival of northerners, but there is no archaeological evidence to prove this inference. Nordic people used this as a springboard to enter Greenland.

Iceland was independent for 300 years and was later ruled by Norway and Denmark. 18 14 Before Denmark and the United Kingdom of Norway were divided according to the Kiel Treaty, Iceland was a colony of the Norwegian king and later became a dependency of Denmark. 1874, the Danish government granted Iceland limited autonomy. 19 18, Iceland gained independence and sovereignty similar to that of a protectorate in internal affairs, while Denmark still retained its power in foreign affairs and national defense. 1940 Nazi Germany occupied Denmark during World War II, and the allied forces occupied Iceland in the same year. The Danish king continued to rule legally until Iceland was established in 1944.

As a member of NATO, the Republic of China signed an agreement with the United States to defend Iceland in 1949. According to this agreement, the United States set up a military base in Keflavík before the unilateral withdrawal of American troops at the end of September 2006. So far, Iceland does not have its own army.

In the decades after the war, Iceland's economy relied on fishing, and because of this biological resource, there were several conflicts with neighboring countries, including the famous "Cod War" with Britain. In recent years, due to heavy industry investment, the economy has gradually diversified, aluminum smelting has developed, and the economic field has been liberalized and privatized. Iceland became a member of the European Economic Area through the EEA, but never applied to join the European Union.

Parliamentary elections were held from 6 May to 2 May 2007. Of the 63 seats, the Independent Party won 24 seats, the Social Democratic Alliance won 18 seats, the left-wing green movement won 9 seats, the Progressive Party won 8 seats, and the Icelandic Liberal Party won 4 seats.

At the end of the 8th century, Irish monks first moved to Iceland.

In the second half of the 9th century, Norway began to immigrate to Iceland. In 930 AD, Parliament and the Federation of Iceland were established.

1262, Iceland and Norway signed an agreement, and the Icelandic minister was returned to Norway. 1380, Iceland and Norway were ruled by Denmark.

1904 was granted internal autonomy. 19 18, Iceland signed a federal law, stipulating that Iceland is a sovereign country, but foreign affairs are still controlled by Denmark.

1940 Denmark was occupied by Germany and Iceland's relations were interrupted. In the same year, the British army entered, and the following year, the American army replaced the British army in the ice and snow.

1In June 1944, the Icelandic Parliament officially announced the dissolution of the Icelandic Alliance.1In June 1974, Iceland was established.

1946 joining the United Nations.

1949 became a member of NATO.

resources geography

Fishery, hydropower and geothermal resources are abundant, but other natural resources are scarce, so products such as oil need to be imported. The annual power generation of hydropower that can be developed is 64 billion kWh, and the annual power generation of geothermal energy can reach 7.2 billion kWh. [ 1]

Administrative geography

The country is divided into 23 provinces, 2 1 city and 203 parishes.