What are the characteristics of Li Bai's poetry creation reflected by Pei Tan, the judge of Xuanzhou School, when he was sent to Zhou Shu?

Xuanzhou Send the Judge from Pei Tan to Zhou Shu is a seven-character poem written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, in the spring of the fourth year of Kaicheng (839). This poem expresses the parting feelings of the author and his good friend Pei Tan, and wishes him a bright future. This poem is very successful in scenery writing, mainly using the writing technique of setting off sadness with music scenes, vividly expressing the author's thoughts and feelings.

original work

Xuanzhou sent judge Pei Tan to Zhou Shu.

When the shepherd wants to go to Beijing as an official.

Warm mud and melting snow are half gone, and pedestrians are arrogant.

Liu Fuqiao, Qingyijiang Village, Yunzhe Temple, Jiuhuashan Road.

Your intentions are as noble as your own, and my heart is shaking.

If you come, you can't go together, so the country is lonely every spring!

Vernacular translation

The weather, the melting of warm soil and the melting of snow have disappeared by half, and pedestrians are rustling in the grass and horses.

Baiyun covers Jiuhuashan Road Ancient Temple, and slender willow blows Qingyijiang Village Head Bridge.

Your ambition is as high as a swan, and my mood is like a rainbow.

You and I came to Xuanzhou together, but we can't go together. How lonely it should be to return home in spring!

Overall appreciation

This poem is very successful in scenery description, and the whole poem shows all kinds of wonderful uses of scenery description in ancient poetry.

The first couplet "Warm mud and melting snow are half gone, and pedestrians are proud." With bright colors and simple strokes, a picture of Farewell to the Spring Suburb is sketched: on an early spring morning, the warm sun shines on the earth, most of the snow has melted, the thawed road surface is covered with mud, weeds have sprouted in winter, and the vilen is covered with green onions. The waiting steed kicks his hooves excitedly, snores, and looks up and hisses from time to time, as if urging his master to continue on his way ... These two poems are not only about scenery, but also about the time and environment of farewell, rendering the atmosphere of parting.

Couples: "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhuashan Road, Liuyuqiao in Qingyijiang Village." Showed two beautiful scenery. One is the misty Jiuhuashan Road, where temples are hidden from time to time. Jiuhua Mountain is one of the four famous Buddhist mountains in China, and it is known as the "Fairy City of Buddhism". This mountain is in the southwest of Qingyang, Chizhou (now Anhui), and it is the only place from Xuanzhou to Zhou Shu. "Jiuhuashan Road" hints at Pei Tan's itinerary. One is the edge of Qingyijiang village, surrounded by green water, and the spring breeze and willows gently brushed the bridge deck. Qingyi River is in the west of Xuancheng, with beautiful scenery. "Qingyijiang Village" refers to the farewell place. "Clouds on the Bones" and "Liuqiao" can best reflect the local scenery and seasonal characteristics, and at the same time reveal the poet's concern for his friends' long journey and his attachment when leaving. Instead of monotonous and lengthy narration, visual description is used here, and the language is refined and beautiful, full of charm. Two sentences, one about mountains, one about water, one about distance, one about proximity, one about virtual scenery and one about real scene. The static scene contains dynamics, and the picture is vivid and lifelike, which makes people feel immersive. The above four sentences introduce the environment without trace, explain the time and place of seeing me off, and hint at what happened. Very clever technique. The last four sentences, with the help of scenery, express farewell feelings, showing the poet's artistic ingenuity.

The couplet "Your heart is lofty, my heart is trembling" describes the different moods of travelers and senders. Pei Tan has just entered the Jinshi. He is proud of his spring breeze and full of ambition, like a swan spreading its wings. Therefore, even at the moment of parting, I am still optimistic and cheerful. Du Mu's mood is different. He is not very proud of his ups and downs. Now I have to leave my friends and hold hands, and I feel that "my heart is teetering and endless" (Biography of Historical Records of Su Qin), and a sense of emptiness and loss arises spontaneously.

At the end of the sentence: "Come together, we can't go together, so the country is lonely every spring!" The double meanings of "seeing Pei Tan off" and "going to Beijing for business" are combined. They originally went to Xuanzhou from Beijing to work together, but now they can't go back together. How lonely they will feel when they return to Beijing alone on this beautiful spring day.

The description of the environment in the first half of the poem is in sharp contrast with the poet's melancholy mood in the second half: in early spring in Jiangnan, the air is so fresh, the sun is so bright, the grass is so delicious, the people (Pei Tan) are so charming, enthusiastic and confident, and everything around them is full of vitality and hope; The poet himself was not happy about it, but was stimulated and deepened his inner pain. Here, the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River contrasts with the sadness of the characters. There is a "bottoming" technique in flower-and-bird painting, that is, white lead powder is coated on the back of the painted silk to make the color of the flowers on the front more charming and moving.

Famous comments

Jin Shengtan's Selected Poems of Tang Talents in Guanhuatang in Ming Dynasty: Du and Pei are both judges in Xuanzhou, serving as officials in Dubai Hall and enshrined in it. They will return to Beijing, but Pei abandoned his official position, so Du gave them poems. When I wrote it, I wrote farewell to Zhou Shu Road and Gui Jing Road, which were very clear (below the first four sentences). Q: Du Fu and Pei are the same color, but why don't poems use crowns? So when I asked, I suddenly realized its five or six wonders. It is said that Pei's ambition is as high as ghosts, not only for Du, but also for Du's return. His heart is hanging, so he may not be able to recommend him, so he may not want to go back to his original place. The last sentence is contrary to the fact that Xuanzhou officials like to hold hands for many years (the last four sentences).

Gaomai modern Tang and Song poetry: high style and excellent language.