Suzhou loquat

Latin scientific name: loquat

Named by: (Thunb. )Lindl。

English name: loquat

Chinese pronunciation: Pippa

Family: Rosaceae

Genus: loquat

morphological character

Loquat in Rosaceae is a small evergreen tree. In Dafeng Loquat Base, due to the climate, the leaves are usually greener than those in other areas, the bark is grayish brown and rough, and the twigs, leaves and tidbits are densely covered with rust-colored fluff.

The leaves are thick and leathery, often oblanceolate and oval.

The flowers are white and fragrant, from 10 to 12. In the early summer of the following year, the fruit is ripe, nearly spherical or pear-shaped, yellow or orange.

[Edit this paragraph] Distribution

Subtropical tree species, native to Sichuan and Shaanxi in western China.

In Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang and other provinces, many fruit trees are planted in the provinces south of the Yangtze River, and Dongting in Jiangsu and Xiao Yun in Fujian are famous loquat producing areas.

Loquat is a rare fruit endemic to southern China. For more information, search the loquat tree base, bud in autumn, blossom in winter, bear fruit in spring, mature in early summer, and bear rain and dew at four o'clock, so it is "the only time in the fruit"; Its pulp is soft and juicy, sweet and sour, and delicious, and it is known as the "king of fruits".

According to the analysis of Nutrition Department of China Academy of Medical Sciences, the edible part of loquat fruit contains 0.4g of protein, 0. 1 g of fat, 7g of carbohydrate, 0.8g of crude fiber, 0.5g of ash, 22mg of calcium, 32mg of phosphorus, 0.3mg of iron, 3mg of vitamin C and 0. 33mg of carotenoid/kloc-0.

Loquat is not only delicious and nutritious, but also has high health care value.

Compendium of Materia Medica records that loquat can moisten the five internal organs and nourish the heart and lungs. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that loquat fruit has the effects of eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, promoting fluid production and moistening lung, clearing away heat and invigorating stomach.

Modern medicine has proved that loquat fruit is rich in anti-cancer substances such as vitamins, amygdalin and resveratrol.

Entering early summer is the season when loquat matures.

Loquat is not only delicious, but also nutritious. According to analysis, its main components are sugar, protein, fat, cellulose, pectin, carotene, tannin, malic acid, citric acid, potassium, phosphorus, iron, calcium and vitamins A, B and C, etc.

Among them, carotene is rich, ranking third among fruits.

It is also rich in sugar, mainly composed of glucose, fructose and sucrose. In addition, the rich vitamin B in loquat plays a very important role in protecting eyesight, keeping skin healthy and moist, and promoting children's physical development.

Loquat is cool, sweet and sour, and has the effects of moistening lung, relieving cough, quenching thirst and stomach.

Commonly used for dry throat, polydipsia, cough and vomiting blood, hiccup and other symptoms.

Not only the pulp of loquat can be used as medicine, but also its core, leaves and roots have medicinal value.

Fresh loquat, washed and eaten raw, can treat discomfort such as dry mouth and polydipsia.

In addition, wash and peel 50 grams of fresh loquat, add 5 grams of rock sugar, and take it after boiling for half an hour, which is especially effective for sore throat caused by tonsillitis.

Loquat lose weight

Loquat is rich in crude fiber and mineral elements.

Every100g of loquat meat contains 0.4g of protein, 6.6g of carbohydrates, vitamin B 1 and vitamin C, which is a very effective fruit for losing weight.

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the main way to lose weight is to strengthen the spleen, promote diuresis and eliminate phlegm, and loquat has these effects, so it is a good fruit to lose weight.

Here are two ways to eat loquat:

Eriobotrya leaf extract

Ingredients: 500g of loquat meat and 600g of rock sugar.

Method: Boil the rock sugar in boiling water until it melts, and add batch to continue cook the meat until it becomes thick paste.

Loquat porridge

Ingredients: 250g loquat meat, 50g japonica rice, and appropriate amount of rock sugar.

Method: Boil the rock sugar in water, then add the washed japonica rice and cook until the porridge is cooked. Add the processed loquat meat and cook for 10 minute.

The scientific name of Loquat is Loquat, which is a dicotyledonous plant and an evergreen tree of Rosaceae. Its height can reach10m.

The leaves are oval, alternate and serrated.

The surface is shiny and there is thick hair inside.

The fragrant white flowers began to bloom in 165438+ October.

Fruits are oval, oval, round and other shapes.

From May to July, when the orange-yellow fruit with rich aroma is ripe, the loquat in Huang Chengcheng is covered with branches in the lush mountains of Dongting Mountain. Some people call it "golden pill", while others call it "golden hammer".

Shen Zhou in the Ming Dynasty said, "Who cast three hundred gold pills? The tire is a little wet and stained.

Since then, jade can't be removed, and tin paste makes teeth cold.

"。

Aromatic fruits are very precious, and seeds, leaves and trunks also have many uses.

(Suzhou Sanshandao HSBC Hotel)

[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation characteristics

Loquat is native to subtropical zone and needs high temperature. It can grow normally when the annual average temperature is above 12℃, but the annual average temperature of economic cultivation should be 15 ~ 17℃, without severe cold weather.

The flowering period of loquat is in late winter and early spring, and the low temperature in winter and spring will affect its flowering and fruiting.

When the temperature is -6℃, it will cause freezing damage to flowers and young fruits at -3℃. Pollen begins to germinate above 10℃, and the most suitable temperature for pollen germination is about 20℃.

However, when the air temperature or ground temperature is above 30℃, the growth of branches, leaves and roots is slow and poor. When the fruit meets the high temperature of 35℃ 7 ~ 15 days before picking, it is easy to cause sunburn injury and even lose its edible value.

Loquat has low requirements on soil and wide adaptability. Generally, soil can grow and bear fruit, but loose soil with more sand or gravel grows better.

[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation methods

First, garden selection and soil preparation

Loquat planting should choose flat, deep, loose, fertile and high-yield dry land rich in organic matter cultivated over the years, with soil pH6.0 as the most suitable, and water source must be considered in land selection to ensure that the orchard can be irrigated from June 165438+ 10 to May of the following year, with convenient transportation.

It is not advisable to choose low-lying land that is easy to accumulate water.

Before planting, plough deeply for more than 30cm.

Second, colonization.

planting season

If irrigation conditions permit, it should be planted in February ~ March; No irrigation conditions should be planted in mid-June (early rainy season).

planting density

The climate is warm, and loquat trees grow fast. The planting density is 960.5 plants /hm, the spacing between plants is 3m×3.5m, and it can be put into production after three years of planting.

Thinning after a certain number of years is beneficial to management and early high yield.

Planting method

From September to 65438+1October of the year before planting, a planting pit with a depth of 60cm, a mouth width of 80cm and a bottom width of 70cm was excavated under the condition of wet soil, and the topsoil and subsoil were stacked separately.

30kg farmyard manure or sugar mud and 0.8kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each planting pit as base fertilizer, which is mixed with topsoil and applied to the planting hole, and then the original subsoil is completely backfilled.

Backfilling work must be completed two months before planting loquat seedlings, so that the base fertilizer can be fully decomposed and filled.

Transplanted seedlings should be free of pests and diseases, with dark green leaves and developed roots. The joint thickness should be above lcm, and the joint should heal well, 45 ~ 50 cm above the joint (preferably with branches).

When planting, the root neck of seedlings should be flush with the ground, not too deep, and some leaves and branches should be cut off to reduce evaporation.

When planting, let the fine soil fully contact with the root system and compact the soil around the root system. Each plant must be watered with about 20L fixed root water, and then covered with a layer of fine soil after the water seeps down.

Dry at 45-50 cm above the ground.

Third, strengthen the management of young trees

At 1 year after colonization, human excrement with the concentration of 10% ~ 30% should be applied for 3 ~ 4 times; In the second year, farm manure or decomposed sugar mud 15 kg and compound fertilizer 0.8 kg were applied; Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and apply appropriate amount of lime in acidic soil to promote the vigorous growth of young trees.

For the stem tips of young trees, l branches are selected as the main branches, and 4 ~ 5 branches are left as the main branches of the first layer; The trunk grows at a distance of 50cm from the main branch of L layer, and 3 ~ 4 branches of the main branch of the second layer are cultivated by the germination promotion wheel.

The trunk grows to a distance of 50 cm from the second main branch, then the core is picked to promote the germination of the verticillate branches and cultivate 3-4 main branches in the third layer; When the main branch grows to 70cm again, it is pulled into horizontal branches to remove the core, which promotes the germination of auxiliary main branches and dwarfs the crown.

After two and a half years of culture, the branching reached 6 ~ 7 grades.

After the stem is fixed uniformly, the number of primary branches is 4-5, which is used as primary branch cultivation. The primary branches are planted with 3-4 branches at a time to form secondary secondary branches, and then 2-3 branches are drawn from the secondary secondary branches to form tertiary backbone branches, and then the bearing branches are cultivated on the backbone branches.

Promote and control flower bud differentiation

Ring cutting, branch pulling and light branch cutting promote flower bud differentiation control.

At the end of June, 2 ~ 3 circular incisions were made on the trunk, and 50 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder was applied to the wound to prevent bacterial infection. From June to July, all the main lateral branches with branch diameter 1cm or more and branch length of 70cm or more are pulled to an angle of 50 ~ 55 with the trunk, and the branches are pulled horizontally, so that the branches grow obliquely and droop slightly; Other branches are twisted and rubbed to change the growth direction of branches, which is beneficial to the formation of flower buds.

2.4.2 Fertilizer and water promote and control flower bud differentiation.

No nitrogen fertilizer is applied from June to August, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are appropriately increased; From June to August, before the flower bud is formed, if the growth of flourishing branches can not be controlled, the mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid can be sprayed on the leaves for 2-3 times.

From June to September, for loquat trees with vigorous growth, ditch should be opened to drain rainwater, reduce soil moisture, properly cut off some topsoil root groups, and reduce branch moisture.

2.4.3 Using regulators to promote and control flower bud differentiation.

Spraying with 0.5g/m paclobutrazol (PP333) soil+1000mg/L on the leaves, and treating once on June 20th and 30th, respectively. Or spraying paclobutrazol 1000mg/L once a month from June to August, so as to stop the growth of summer shoots quickly, increase the concentration of cell sap and C/N, and promote the formation of flower buds.

Fourth, fertilization management.

Fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, balanced fertilization.

The loquat orchard put into production is applied with 25 kilograms of farm manure and 2 kilograms of compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15% every year.

Ears began to appear in September-65438+10, and the fertilization amount should account for 20% ~ 30% of the annual fertilization amount; After fruit thinning, the potassium fertilizer is mainly compound fertilizer, and the fertilization amount accounts for 20% ~ 30% of the annual fertilization amount; Before and after fruit picking 1 week, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly combined with organic fertilizer, and the fertilization amount accounts for 40% ~ 50% of the annual fertilization amount.

Five, thinning ears, buds, fruits and bagging

Ears with too small crown, improper position and too many flower buds should be removed.

When the support shafts were just separated, most of the support shafts were cut off, leaving only two or three relatively strong support shafts in the middle; When we can distinguish whether the fruit is developing well or not, we should thin the fruit, leave more strong branches and less weak branches, and leave young fruits in the middle of the ear, with similar flowering periods and the same size, which is not suitable for dispersion.

3 ~ 5 grains per panicle in Zaozhong 6 and Jiefangzhong with large fruit type; Medium-fruited Changhong No.3 has 4 ~ 6 grains per panicle.

Spray insecticide and bactericide after the last fruit thinning, and make a paper bag with appropriate size with kraft paper for ear bagging. When bagging, make the paper bag bulge to prevent the fruit from touching the paper bag, and tie the bag mouth tightly with thin iron wire.

6. Prevention of pests and diseases

The main pests and diseases are leaf spot disease, leaf pollution disease, brown rot of branches, loquat shoot-breaking insect, pear moth, red spider and bat.

In order to prevent leaf spot and leaf fouling, we should start spraying fungicides to protect the leaves every time they grow to half. Generally, 0.5% ~ 0.6% Bordeaux mixture, 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 75% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is 800~l 000.

To prevent brown rot of branches, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, enhance tree vigor, scrape off diseased spots and burn diseased skin as soon as possible, apply 200 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to the scratched area, and then apply Bordeaux solution after drying to facilitate wound healing; If the lesion area is large and difficult to scrape off, a sharp knife can be used to cut an L-shaped wound on the bark every 2 cm deep, and the wound is coated with1:15 concentrated alkaline water. Non-diseased branches can be sprayed with 50% wettable powder 600 times every 15d, and controlled for three times in a row.

In winter, the trunk was plastered with lime slurry, and 50% chlorpyrifos EC, 40% omethoate EC, 1, 000 ~ 1, 500 times and 5% nisolone wettable powder 1, 000 ~ 2,000 times were used to effectively control pests.

Bats are mainly harmful to fruits, and they can be caught in orchards with sticky nets.

Seven, loquat harvesting and processing.

2.8. 1 Suitable harvesting period

The fruit is completely colored, showing the inherent color of the variety, fully mature and harvested when the quality is the best.

Don't pick fruit in the hot sun.

When picking fruit, be sure to handle it gently, hold the fruit handle with your hands and cut it carefully. The fruit handle is shorter than lcm, so as to avoid rubbing the fruit surface and damaging the fruit, so as to avoid browning, affecting the appearance and reducing the commodity value.

Graded packaging

After the fruit is picked, it shall be packed in the orchard on the spot according to the national standard (GB/TL 3867-92 "Fresh Loquat") or the buyer's requirements.

transport

Require fast, stable and low temperature.

If possible, it is best to use cold chain system.

(Selected from Longchuan Agricultural Information Network)

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction of raw materials

Loquat and Loquat are fruits of Loquat in Rosaceae.

China's Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Fujian and other provinces have production.

Named after the fruit looks like a pipa.

Loquat is fragrant, sweet and slightly sour, and it is also called "three friends" with cherry and plum.

Harvest in April ~ May, peel and take the pulp for fresh use.

[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional analysis

1. The organic acids contained in loquat can be secreted by digestive glands, which has a considerable effect on stimulating appetite, helping digestion and absorption, quenching thirst and relieving summer heat;

2. Loquat contains amygdalin, which can moisten lung, relieve cough, eliminate phlegm and treat various coughs;

3. Loquat fruits and leaves can inhibit influenza virus, and regular eating can prevent colds at four o'clock;

Loquat is a kind of nutritious and healthy fruit, which is rich in various nutrients needed by human body.

Loquat is rich in cellulose, pectin, carotene, malic acid, citric acid, potassium, phosphorus, iron, calcium and vitamins A, B and C.

Rich in vitamin B and carotene, it has the functions of protecting eyesight, keeping skin healthy and moist, and promoting children's physical development. Among them, vitamin B 17 is a nutrient to prevent cancer! Therefore, loquat is also known as the "crown of fruit", which can promote appetite and help digestion; It can also prevent cancer and aging.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that loquat is sweet, sour and flat, and has the functions of moistening lung and relieving cough, quenching thirst and regulating stomach, diuresis and clearing heat. , used for lung flaccid cough, chest tightness and excessive phlegm.

In addition to fruits, loquat leaves and loquat seeds are also commonly used Chinese herbal medicines. Loquat leaves have the functions of clearing away lung-heat and stomach-heat, lowering qi and resolving phlegm, and can be used for dry cough, stomachache, nosebleeds and vomiting caused by stomach-heat. Loquat seeds are used to treat hernia, eliminate edema and benefit joints.

[Edit this paragraph] Relevant persons

The general population can eat it.

1. Patients with lung flaccidity, cough, chest tightness and excessive phlegm, strain vomiting blood and scurvy are especially suitable for eating;

2. People with diarrhea due to spleen deficiency and diabetics should not eat.

[Edit this paragraph] Eat like a gram.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Jiaming Dietary Guide mentioned that "wheat should not be eaten with millet and loquat".

[Edit this paragraph] Therapeutic effect

Fruit: sweet and sour, flat; Nucleus: bitter taste, flat nature, entering the lung and stomach meridians;

Fruit: clearing lung, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst; Nuclear, expectorant and antitussive, regulating stomach and descending adverse;

It is mainly used for treating cough due to lung heat, persistent cough, dry throat and thirst, and insufficient stomach qi.

Used for cough: loquat core 9 ~ 15g, mashed, ginger 3 pieces, decocted in water to remove residue, morning and evening 1 time.

[Edit this paragraph] Other related

Compendium of Materia Medica: "Quench thirst and reduce qi, benefit lung qi, stop vomiting and resolve phlegm."

The new edition of materia medica: "loquat leaves are bitter, flat and non-toxic."

Enter the lung meridian, stop coughing, reduce breath, stop vomiting and quench thirst.

Hair is plucked when it is used, but it is only used to stop cough due to yin deficiency, and he will not cough. "

[Edit this paragraph] Remarks

Its nuts contain amygdalin, which is toxic. Don't eat it by mistake, so as not to endanger health and life.

[Edit this paragraph] Eriobotrya leaf extract

Ursolic acid Ursolic acid loquat leaf extract

Ursolic acid content: 25%, 90%, 98% HPLC.

Ursolic acid chemical abstracts service number: 77-52- 1

Ursolic acid properties: white fine powder 75 179466.

Melting point and solubility of ursolic acid: MP 283 ~ 287℃. Insoluble in water and ethanol, no foreign matter after dissolution.

Ursolic acid alias: Ursolic acid, Ursolic acid, belonging to triterpenoids.

Molecular formula and molecular weight of ursolic acid: C30H48O3; 456.68

Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid compound existing in natural plants, which has many biological effects such as sedation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetes, anti-ulcer and hypoglycemic.

In recent years, it has been found that it has anti-cancer, anti-cancer, induced F9 teratoma cell differentiation and anti-angiogenesis effects, and it is very likely to become a new anticancer drug with low toxicity and high efficiency.

In addition, ursolic acid has obvious antioxidant function, so it is widely used as raw materials for medicine and cosmetics.

Pharmacological effects of ursolic acid: Ursolic acid, also known as ursolic acid and ursolic acid, is a triterpenoid compound.

It has many biological effects such as sedation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetes, anti-ulcer, hypoglycemic and so on.

[Edit this paragraph] Classification of families and genera

Rosaceae loquat.

Loquat is a small evergreen tree with a height of 10 m; Branchlets densely rusty or grayish brown tomentose.

Leaf blade is leathery, lanceolate, obovate or oblong, with a length of 10-30cm and a width of 3- 10cm. The tip is sharp or tapering, the base is wedge-shaped or gradually narrowed into petiole, the edge is serrated, the surface is wrinkled, and the back and petiole are rusted.

Panicle flowers are numerous and dense; Pedicels, pedicels, and pipes are rusted; The flowers are white and fragrant, with a diameter of 1.2-2 cm. Petals have fluff inside and claws at the bottom.

Pear fruit is nearly spherical or rectangular, yellow or orange, with rust-colored fur outside, and then falls off. The size and shape of fruits vary from variety to variety.

The flowering period is 10 ~ 12, and the fruiting period is from May to June of the following year.

Named for its shape like a pipa.

China's Sichuan, Jiangsu (Dafeng loquat base), Hubei and Fujian all have wild plants, and now they are cultivated all over the country.

There are many varieties of loquat. As long as we can know all kinds of loquat immediately when searching the loquat tree base, we can divide them into red sand loquat and white sand loquat. The former has long life, strong tree potential and high yield, but its quality is not as good as the latter. The famous varieties are round varieties, egg red and so on. The growth and yield of Baisha loquat is not as good as that of Hongsha loquat, but its quality is excellent. The famous varieties are round planting, breeding and egg white.

Seeds can be used to make wine and extract alcohol; Wood materials are tough and can be used to make wood combs, wooden handrails and other materials; Medicinal leaves and fruits have the effects of clearing away heat, moistening lung, relieving cough and resolving phlegm; Also steamed its leaf dew, named "loquat leaf dew", which has the function of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat and harmonizing the stomach; It is also an excellent nectar source plant. Among honey, "loquat honey" is of high quality.

The leaves contain Gleditsia sinensis Roxb. 20, bitter almond 20, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, tannin, vitamin B 1, vitamin C, etc.

The main points of propagation and cultivation in loquat honey are sowing propagation and grafting.

Seeds can be sown after they are collected in June.

Grafting is generally based on cutting, which can be carried out in mid-March or April-May. Rootstocks can be loquat seedlings and heather.

Colonization can be carried out in late March to early April before germination, and in May-June or 10 in Menan period.

Planting seedlings needs to bring more fibrous roots and soil to facilitate survival.

It is best to plant it in the south where there is little wind.

Loquat Distribution: Jiangsu, Fujian, Sichuan and Hubei.

[Edit this paragraph] Related poems

Su Dongpo said: "When guests come to tea, nothing happens, but Lu Juyangmei is still sour." .

Someone asked him: What kind of fruit is Lu Ju? He said, "loquat also".

Later, some books also said, "Loquat, an orange.

"I think this is mostly Sue's" take it for granted ".

Because, in Sima Xiangru's Shang Fu Lin, it is said that "Xia Luju is ripe, Huang Gan orange, loquat persimmon and pavilion is magnolia".

State several things side by side.

It can be seen that Lu Ju is Lu Ju and Loquat is Loquat, and the middle cannot be equated.

Li Shizhen said: "It is wrong for people who note the Selected Works to regard loquat as an orange.

"This is quite right.

Yang Wanli wrote a loquat poem: "big leaves and long ears, one end is full of plates."

Litchi has many stones, but kumquat is not sour.

Rain leaves and branches are low in weight and the pulp is cold.

Whether Changqing is here or not, don't send him as a garden official.

"The first six sentences describe the character of loquat fairly accurately, but they are not poetic.

Although Confucius said that you can learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants by reading poetry, poetry is not a textbook for plants after all.

Guo Moruo's "Let a Hundred Flowers Bloom" is a failed example.

Yang Wanli's loquat poem seems to be the first of its kind.

As for the last two sentences, I don't know what he said.

Although Sima Xiangru wrote loquat in Shang Fu Lin, it didn't show the appearance of drooling, and there was no record that Sun Monkey ate flat peaches secretly. What does it matter whether he is a gardener or not?

There is also a jingle about loquat, saying that someone sent loquat to others, with a letter saying: Yunyun sent two baskets of pipa.

The recipient then wrote a poem: "Loquat is not this pipa, because I didn't know much about it."

If the pipa can blossom and bear fruit, all the pipes in the city will be open.

"Poetry is playful, but while eating loquats sent by others, people feel that it is not a taste.

There are so many Chinese characters that it is difficult to write a few typos.

If you make a mistake, you must write a poem. Such poems can be said endlessly.

I remember it was in the early 1930s. Liu Bannong is the marking officer in Peking University. Because the examinee wrote a few typos, he became very excited and made several poems to mark the paper, which greatly mocked the examinee.

In one of them, because students wrote "studying abroad" as "studying abroad", Mr. Liu said: "Mr. Wang committed a heinous crime and sent him to the west to study abroad.

It should be nine streams plus one class, and gluten will boil a pot of oil.

"Lu Xun was very disapproving, and wrote the article" After Feeling Old (Part II) ".He thought it was not the middle school students who just graduated, but the big professors who took it as a laughing stock.

Loquat is probably not distributed to middle school students. They can't read much, either because they have no money to study or for other reasons.

And those who think they are senior officials, have greater skills, write inscriptions everywhere and make a fool of themselves everywhere. They are thicker than the city wall, it is better to stab him, but such people are rarely ridiculed.

Loquat, cherry and bayberry are also called the three sisters in early summer, with more than 200 varieties.

On the maturity of loquat, it can be divided into three categories: early, middle and late. Early-maturing varieties will be listed in May, middle-maturing varieties will appear in large numbers in June, and late-maturing varieties can be extended to early July.

According to the fruit shape, there are round fruit species and long fruit species. Generally, round fruit species contain more kernels, while long fruit species contain less or only one kernel.

According to the color of fruit, it is divided into red meat species and white meat species. Red meat loquat is called "golden pill" because of its golden skin. For example, in the Song Dynasty, Lu You wrote, "It is difficult to learn from the right door, but it is difficult to collect the golden pill from the son.

"White meat breeds loquat, the color is jade, and the ancients called it' wax pill'. As Guo Zhengxiang, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote," The taste of loquat is still sour, and northerners used to regard it as the core.

I don't know what the real comparability is, but I'm afraid of flying books to send wax pills. "

As far as varieties are concerned, red meat is easy to peel, sweet and suitable for canning.

White meat is thin and thick, thin and sweet, suitable for fresh food.

The famous loquat products are: "soft white sand" in Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, with white meat and sweet taste; The "liberation bell" in Putian, Fujian Province has thick and tender flesh and delicious juice; The "White Sands" in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province is rich in quality, with juicy and delicate taste and fresh and sweet taste.

[Edit this paragraph] Selection of loquat dietotherapy prescriptions

1, for lung dryness and cough: eat 5 pieces of fresh loquat pulp every time, twice a day.

2. Those who treat lung cancer with heat cough, expectoration and hemoptysis: loquat leaf 15g (fresh 60g), japonica rice 100g, and a little rock sugar.

First, wrap the loquat leaves in cloth and fry them, and take the thick juice to remove the residue.

Or brush fresh loquat leaves with back fluff, cut into pieces, decoct to remove residue, and cook porridge with japonica rice.

After the porridge is finished, add a little rock sugar and take it with meals.

3, treatment of gastric cancer, dyspepsia: 20 grams of loquat leaves, 25 grams of dried tangerine peel, 0/5 grams of fried licorice/kloc-,3 slices of ginger, decocted twice a day.

4. Treatment of vomiting, cough and spontaneous sweating caused by lung metastasis of gastric cancer: several pieces of fresh loquat leaves and 250 grams of glutinous rice.

Soak glutinous rice in clear water overnight, wash the leaves with fresh loquat, wash them, wrap them in zongzi and steam them.

65438+ 0-2 times a day for 3-4 days.

5, 60 grams of loquat leaves (bristles), decocted twice in water, cure cough, jaundice and prevent influenza.

6, 60 grams of loquat root, decoction, cure diabetes.

7, loquat root120g, decocted with a proper amount of brown sugar, taken warm, once a day for four consecutive days, to treat jaundice.

Efficacy: moistening lung and reducing qi; allay/relieve/quench/slake/assuage one's thirst

Textual research: from the Record of Famous Doctors.

Latin Name: Loquat

Indications: cough and asthma due to lung heat, vomiting and polydipsia.

Ecological environment: it is often planted on the edge of villages, flat land or sloping land.

All kinds of words:

1. "Ben Feng Jingyuan": Everyone must be familiar with it. It has the function of quenching thirst and moistening the five internal organs.

If it tastes sour, it can help the liver cut the spleen and make people full of diarrhea.

2. Meng Hao: beneficial to the five internal organs.

3. Cui Yuxi's "Food Classics": reducing qi and stopping vomiting.

4. "Daily Chemicals": Treating lung qi, moistening five internal organs, lowering qi, stopping vomiting and quenching thirst.

5. "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": Treating lung flaccidity, vomiting blood, coughing, spitting and wheezing.

It also treats infantile convulsion and fever.

Loquat fruits should be harvested by stages because of their different maturity.

Distribution of resources: Central South, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places.

Contraindications to medication: "Life Taste Diet Spectrum": Eating more can help damp and produce phlegm, and it is contraindicated for people with spleen deficiency and diarrhea.

[Edit this paragraph] Dietotherapy value

The fruit of loquat, a tree of Rosaceae.

There are two varieties: red sand and white sand.

Distributed in East China, South China, Southwest China, Shaanxi, Gansu and Taiwan Province Province.

Harvesting in spring, peeling for fresh use; Fruit (including seeds) can also be used.

[Attribute] Sweet, slightly sour and cool.

It can moisten lung, relieve cough, promote fluid production, quench thirst, regulate stomach and reduce adverse flow.

[Reference] The pulp contains sugar, protein, fat, pectin, carotene, vitamin B 1, c, tartaric acid, malic acid and citric acid.

【 Usage 】 Used for lung dryness due to yin deficiency, cough or hemoptysis; Deficiency of stomach yin, dry throat and thirst, or loss of breath, vomiting and aversion to food.

[Usage] Eat raw, boil cream, or make soup.

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Loquat Zhike Decoction: Loquat (fruit) 100g, peeled in half, mashed with stones and decocted in water.

Loquat fruit includes pulp and stone.

The former can moisten lung and relieve cough, while the latter can eliminate phlegm and relieve cough, while * * * plays the role of moistening lung and eliminating phlegm, relieving cough and reducing qi.

Used for dryness and heat of lung meridian, cough and expectoration.

Garden application: Loquat tree is neat and beautiful, with large shade leaves, which is a good ornamental tree species in the southern courtyard. It can be planted in clumps or in groups on the edge of lawns, Chi Pan by the lake, hillsides and other sunny places.