Techniques for growing mushrooms in greenhouses?

Lentinus edodes is a kind of wood rot fungus, which was originally wild and domesticated by artificial cultivation. So how do you grow mushrooms in a greenhouse? The following is what I carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

First, the production of bacterial bags

Formula 1: 1.79% poplar sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, 0. 1% carbendazim and 50% wettable powder; 2. Crush corncob into wettable powder with 45% broad bean size, 40% poplar sawdust, 13% corn flour, 1% gypsum, 1% lime powder and 0. 1% carbendazim. Wood chips should be aged for more than half a year, and wheat bran must be fresh, free from mildew and moth.

Second mixing: after weighing the above raw materials, mix sawdust, wheat bran and gypsum together, stir them evenly, turn them over for 4-5 times, then put carbendazim and lime into water, stir them evenly, and spray them into dry materials with a watering can. While watering, the materials are mixed evenly, and the water content of the culture material is adjusted to about 60%, that is, when the material is pinched by hand, the wet material becomes a ball, and water drops appear between fingers but do not drip.

Three guarantees: low-pressure polyethylene film, big package size 25×55 cm, medium package 17 ~ 20× 55 cm. The big bag can hold 2.0 kg of dry material, and the middle bag can hold about 1.5 kg of dry material. Before loading, seal one end of the plastic bag until it is completely sealed. Put the evenly stirred culture material into a bag with appropriate tightness. There is no softness in the middle of the hand-packed material package and there is no sag at both ends.

Second, sterilization.

1. Construction of soil steamer: Choose a large iron pot with a diameter of 1.5m to build a soil steamer with a length× width× height of 2× 2× 2.5m and a volume of 8 ~ 10 m3. The inside and outside of each pot wall shall be polished with high-grade cement, and a curtain with a diameter of 1.7m shall be made of wood squares or iron bars, which shall be placed on the pot surface and covered with sacks to prevent the material bags from being punctured. Then make a pot cover with a diameter of 2. 1m from galvanized sheet with a thickness of 1.5mm, and build a steamer for later use.

Second, add water to the pot: before fire disinfection, add enough water to the pot, and the water level in the pot is about 20 cm away from the curtain. Then align the stuffed bags up and down and put them on the curtain in the steamer in batches.

(3) Fire, heating and sterilization: fire should be fired before filling the pot, and the temperature in the pot should reach 100℃ for 4-6 hours. Continue heating, keep the temperature at 10 hour, and keep it stuffy for another night. When the feed temperature drops to 70℃, grab the temperature and take it out of the pot, quickly move it into the cooling room, and then inoculate it after the temperature in the feed bag drops.

Third, vaccination.

Disinfection room: 4 days before use, put the discharging tools into indoor sealed doors and windows to achieve indoor sealing and no air leakage, and ignite the rooms with sulfur to fumigate the rooms.

Inoculation time: when the bag temperature drops to 30℃, start planting, and the inoculation time is best arranged in the morning and evening.

Inoculation procedure: four people are suitable, so do a good job of division of labor, operation, lighting alcohol lamps, beating strains, taking strains, mixing bags and tying strains, and sealing. The finished fungus bags are stacked in a "well" shape, with 5 layers in each pile.

Fourth, fungal culture.

First, keep the room dark, and control the room temperature at about 25℃.

2. After inoculation 16 ~ 20 days, prick 10 ~ 20 holes with a depth of 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm at the inoculation point with a toothpick. Use a sweater needle for the second time and chopsticks for the third time, once every 10 day, gradually increasing and deepening.

V. Color management

Generally, discoloration is carried out between spawning rooms. To make the room temperature reach 20 ~ 30℃, take off the bag, soak the bacteria tube with lime water and take it out. Always ventilate, but not for too long at a time. Generally, 30 minutes is appropriate.

6. Result period management

You can use existing greenhouses or greenhouses to build mushroom sheds. If you want to build a new greenhouse, you can choose a place with sunny lee, dry and flat terrain, clean and sanitary environment, sufficient water and convenient access to materials, such as in the courtyard, in front of the house, near the village, in the orchard, and in the open space among trees. The film in the greenhouse is covered with grass curtains or umbrellas.

Double bacteria bag discharge; Put it horizontally on the bedstead, and the bag spacing is about 4 cm. Each layer can discharge 42 ~ 44 large bags of bacteria bags. In order to make it easier for the bacteria bag to replenish water, it is best to build a soaking pool near the shed.

Three variable temperatures to promote mushroom growth: the temperature difference between day and night in greenhouse must be above 10℃ to form mushroom buds. Keep the humidity in the shed at 85%. Where conditions permit, the method of urging flowers and mushrooms can be used to produce more flower mushrooms and create better economic benefits.

Seven, harvesting

Remove the bad and keep the good: if the young mushrooms grow too densely, they should be picked properly and kept at a uniform distance.

Second, early spring or late autumn can be heated by fire, and the time of fruiting can be earlier or later. When the weather is cold in winter, the fungus bags can be folded together for the winter. When the temperature rises next year, mushrooms will grow again.

The collected mushrooms can be sold fresh or dried. After harvest, let the vat rest to cultivate bacteria, accumulate nutrition, and provide sufficient nutritional conditions for the next batch of mushrooms.

Cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes in greenhouse

I. Growth and living conditions of Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes is a kind of wood rot fungus, which was originally wild and domesticated by artificial cultivation. Its growth and living conditions include: nutrition, moisture, temperature, air, light, pH and so on.

1, nutrition

Nutrition is the material basis for the formation and development of fruiting body of Lentinus edodes. The growth of Lentinus edodes mainly depends on the mycelium secreting various enzymes, decomposing lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, absorbing carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds, as well as a small amount of inorganic salts and vitamins. Therefore, the nutrition of mushroom growth includes carbon source, nitrogen source, mineral elements and vitamins.

Carbon source 1 is the main nutrient source for the growth and development of Lentinus edodes. The carbon sources for cultivating Lentinus edodes are sugar, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and so on. Wood chips and cottonseed hulls that we use to cultivate mushrooms are carbon sources.

Nitrogen source Nitrogen source is an indispensable nutrient for the synthesis of protein, nucleic acid and other living substances in cells. Mushroom mycelium can absorb and utilize some organic nitrogen, and can directly absorb small molecular nitrogen sources such as amino acids and urea. Our new wheat bran and rice bran mainly provide nitrogen sources.

The ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source, that is, C/N, is an important nutritional index for the growth and development of Lentinus edodes. In the vegetative growth stage of mycelium, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is kept at 25~40∶ 1. In the reproductive growth stage, the optimum ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 63 ~ 73:1. Too high nitrogen content will inhibit the differentiation of primordia.

Three mineral elements

The main mineral elements required by Lentinus edodes are phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, cobalt and molybdenum are rarely needed, but they are also necessary for the growth and development of mushrooms.

Four vitamins

Because the mycelium of Lentinus edodes can synthesize general vitamins, but it can't synthesize vitamin B 1, so it can only be absorbed and utilized from the culture medium.

In substitute cultivation, the nutrient components of the culture medium should not only meet the needs of mycelium growth, but also meet the needs of fruiting body development in the later stage of cultivation.

Step 2: Moisture

The requirement of water for mushroom growth includes two aspects: one is the water content in the culture medium; The second is the relative humidity of the air in the growing environment. The suitable water content for mycelium growth is 60%~65%, the suitable water content for fruiting is 52%~60%, and the relative humidity of air should not be lower than 85%. However, after mushroom bud occurs, under the condition of low air relative humidity, such as 55%~68%, as long as other conditions are suitable, mushrooms with better quality can grow.

3. Temperature

Lentinus edodes is a mushroom-growing fungus with low temperature and variable temperature. The "temperature" in mushroom production contains three meanings, namely air temperature, mushroom temperature and heap temperature. Temperature refers to the indoor or outdoor natural temperature; Bacterial temperature refers to the temperature of mycelium activity in the culture medium; The stack temperature refers to the temperature of the small space in the stack when the rods are stacked.

Effect of 1 temperature on mycelium growth

The suitable temperature for mushroom mycelium growth is 5~32℃, and the optimum temperature is 24~27℃. At this optimum temperature, the mycelium of Lentinus edodes grows vigorously and the color is white and thick. Generally speaking, Lentinus edodes mycelium is resistant to low temperature and not high temperature.

Effect of temperature on primordium differentiation and fruiting body development

The suitable temperature for differentiation of Lentinus edodes primordia is 8~2 1℃, and the optimum temperature for differentiation is 10~ 15℃. The optimum temperature for differentiation of different Lentinus edodes strains varies greatly. The temperature condition of fruiting body development is 5~24℃, and the optimum temperature is 15~20℃. Generally speaking, low-temperature varieties produce good fruiting bodies at low temperature, while high-temperature varieties produce good mushrooms at high temperature; The same variety, in the appropriate temperature range, when the temperature is low, the fruit body develops slowly, it is not easy to open the umbrella, and the quality is better. When the mycelium reaches physiological maturity, it suddenly meets the external low temperature for a short time, resulting in temperature difference, which will slow down the growth of mycelium, promote the centralized transportation of nutrients, accumulate into aggregation points to resist the adverse external environment, and force the "disc-shaped" tissue to kink, thus forming primordia and making the fruiting bodies more orderly. At constant temperature, it is difficult for most mushroom varieties to form fruiting bodies.

4. Air

Mushrooms belong to aerobic fungi, and fresh and sufficient air is one of the important environmental conditions to ensure the normal growth and development of mushrooms. Under the condition of fresh air and sufficient oxygen, complete aerobic respiration can release a lot of energy and ensure the good growth of mycelium. If the air is not ventilated and fresh, the growth and reproduction of hyphae and the development of fruiting bodies will be inhibited and even lead to death. Under the condition of hypoxia, mycelium can temporarily maintain life through glycolysis, but it needs a lot of nutrition and is easy to age and die.

5. Lighting equipment

Lentinus edodes is a photophilic fungus, and diffuse light with suitable light intensity is a necessary environmental condition for Lentinus edodes to complete its normal life history. Mycelia can grow in complete darkness, on the contrary, light will inhibit the growth of mycelium. After a long period of light, the mycelium will produce brown biofilm, which will make the primordia appear in advance, and with the increase of light intensity, the growth rate will slow down. However, under dark conditions, only vegetative growth can be carried out, and the fruiting body cannot differentiate. Even if the fruiting body barely grows, the color is poor, the meat is thin and the handle is long, and there are many deformed mushrooms. The optimum light intensity for fruiting body differentiation is 50~ 100 lux, which is only necessary for primordial differentiation and not suitable for fruiting body development. At low temperature, strong scattered light is beneficial to the formation of fleshy mushrooms with short stalks and dark cover color.

6.ph value

The growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium needs acidic environment, and the pH value can be in the range of 3~7, and the most suitable pH value is pH4.5~5.5. After the mycelium began to grow, the pH value decreased due to the production of organic acids such as acetic acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid, so the optimum pH value for primordia formation and fruiting body development was 3.5~4.5. At least a part of organic acids accumulated in the process of mycelium growth can promote the fruiting body to occur better through acidified culture medium.

In production practice, these factors should be reasonably coordinated and controlled according to the different requirements of different growth and development stages, and the best growth environment should be created as much as possible to achieve the goal of high quality and high yield.

Second, the cultivation techniques of fresh mushrooms in greenhouse

1, variety selection and seasonal arrangement

Fresh mushrooms are generally cultivated in greenhouses, and they are medium and early-maturing varieties. At present, the main varieties used in production are: 939, Zero20 and 868. The cultivation time is generally from the middle and late July to the end of September, and the inoculation of medium-ripe mushroom varieties should generally be completed before the end of August.

2. Selection of strains

Mushroom strains must be selected with high yield, high quality, strong resistance, strong mycelium viability, no miscellaneous bacteria and no pests. The important indexes to identify a strain are purity, shape, growth, color and uniformity.

Purity 1: high-quality strains must be cultured in pure mycelium and not infected by any other miscellaneous bacteria.

2 Growth: The growth of bacteria includes the state and speed of mycelium growth. The mycelium grows fast and strong, which is regarded as an excellent strain, while the mycelium grows sparsely, unevenly and slowly, which is regarded as a bad strain.

3 color: the excellent Lentinus edodes strain is white.

Uniformity: the uniformity of the strain depends on the purity of the strain and the uniformity of the culture medium. The strain is pure and uniform.

3. Site environment

1 spawning ground

The growing place of auricularia auricula requires weak light, good ventilation, good temperature regulation and moisture removal, and it can grow in an idle house courtyard or mushroom shed, but the mushroom shed used for auricularia auricula growth requires good shade and rain protection; Large-scale production needs to build a special mushroom shade shed.

2 mushroom growing place

Mushroom farm should be selected in a place with sufficient light, good ventilation, close to water source, good drainage and flat terrain. The mushroom shed faces south and is built in the east-west direction.

As a place for cultivating fresh mushrooms, we should choose an area with good ecological environment that is not affected by pollution sources or the content of pollutants is limited within the allowable range. The water, soil and air quality of mushroom management must meet the corresponding standards.

5. Mushroom shed structure

The cultivation of fresh shiitake mushrooms in greenhouse is generally mushroom-rice rotation. After the fruit, shading can be removed and used to grow crops, such as rice. Mushroom greenhouses are generally divided into an inner shed and an outer shed. The outer shed is used for sun protection, rain protection and moisture preservation, and the inner shed is used for moisture preservation and heat preservation. Mushroom shed is generally 4-6 meters wide and less than 30 meters long to facilitate ventilation. The structure is generally bamboo or wood, and the sunshade generally uses sunshade nets and grass curtains. In the greenhouse, put up a shelf with iron wire or bamboo strips to put the fungus sticks.

6, bar production management procedures

1 ingredients

① Culture medium formula:

Conventional formula: sawdust 78%, wheat bran 20%, brown sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, water content 58~60%.

② Raw material requirements: strictly control the quality of raw materials, and prevent the use of adulterated and shoddy raw materials, especially those containing harmful substances. Sawdust is required to be crushed from high-quality broad-leaved trees, with fineness below 5mm, bright color, no mildew, no caking, no odor, no oil pollution, water content 14%~60%, PH value around 8.0, and total nitrogen content above 0.3%. Wheat bran should be high-quality, fresh and dry, without caking, mildew, moth-eaten and adulteration;

③ Mixing: to achieve "three uniformities", that is, raw and auxiliary materials are evenly mixed, wet and dry stirring is even, and the pH value is even. There are special requirements for mixed materials made of semi-finished materials.

2 bagging

After the preparation of culture materials, they should be put into fashion bags, and the time interval from mixing to bagging should not exceed 6 hours. Materials should be mixed, bagged and sterilized on the same day, and overnight accumulation is not allowed. Each bag of wet material is about1.8kg. The mouth of the bag should be cleaned and tied tightly.

3 sterilization and cooling

When the feed temperature reaches 98~ 100℃, keep 10~ 12 hours, then cool to normal temperature in a clean place and then inoculate.

4 inoculation

Inoculation is the most critical step in the production of mushroom sticks. In the whole inoculation process, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of aseptic operation to reduce the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria. Inoculation can be carried out in inoculation box, inoculation room or tent plastic shed, including disinfection, construction inoculation and bagging.

① Disinfection

Disinfectants mainly include 75%~78% alcohol and aerosol disinfection boxes. The space of inoculation room and inoculation box is disinfected by aerosol disinfection box, and the disinfection time is 20~30 minutes. Scrubbing and disinfecting inoculation apparatus, strain surface treatment, inoculation apparatus and hands of vaccinators with 75%~78% alcohol.

② Construct inoculum and seal the outer bag.

Inoculate each stick, 3 holes in the morning and 5-6 holes in the evening. The diameter of inoculation hole is about 65438 0.5 cm. Construction should cooperate with inoculation, make a hole and collect bacteria from a hole. Inoculation should be fast and capable, and can be stuffed into the inoculation hole by hand. The seed blocks must be compacted and compacted without leaving any gaps, so that the strains can be slightly raised, so as to accelerate the germination and sealing of hyphae and avoid the infection of miscellaneous bacteria. It should be noted that the time with high temperature is chosen in the early morning or at night. Bag and seal immediately after inoculation.

5. Cultural management

After inoculation, the bacteria stick should be moved to a culture place with suitable temperature, ventilation and darkness, and the work of turning over the pile for bacteria inspection, puncture ventilation, temperature control, ventilation and cooling should be done well.

(1) Inspection of piles, piles and fungi.

Turning over the pile and adjusting the stacking mode of bacteria sticks are important measures to adjust the temperature and improve the ventilation conditions. It should be piled into a "well" shape or triangle, and the stacking amount per square meter should not exceed 50 rods at high temperature. If pollution is found, it should be removed in time.

② Puncture ventilation

If you choose medium-cooked mushrooms, you usually need to carry out puncture and ventilation twice during the culture process. Early maturing varieties can be ventilated once. Time and method of puncture ventilation: when the hyphae at the inoculation port grow to 6-8 cm in diameter, perform the first puncture ventilation. Perforation method is to perforate a circle with an iron nail or bamboo stick with a length of about 5 cm (1.5 inch) within 2 cm of the mycelium growth end of each inoculation hole. The number of holes is 4-6, and the total number of perforations in the whole rod is about 20. The second perforation is usually carried out 5~7 days after the mycelium is full of bags. Punching holes with a rake-shaped punching device, you can punch 15 on the bacterial stick at one time, and you can punch four rows. Early-maturing varieties are only ventilated for the second time.

After 4~8 days of puncture ventilation, mycelium growth will be very vigorous, respiration will be obviously enhanced, a lot of heat will be released, and the temperature and room temperature of the pile will be obviously improved. Therefore, the piles should be scattered in time after each puncture and ventilation, and the ventilation and heat dissipation should be strengthened to avoid burning piles.

③ Ventilation and cooling.

During the culture period, due to the respiration of mycelium, a lot of heat will be released. The temperature of mushroom sticks is generally 3~5℃ higher than room temperature, especially after each puncture and ventilation. Therefore, with the increase of mycelium growth and the increase of external temperature, we should pay great attention to ventilation and reduce the storage of mushroom wood in each incubation room. Generally, ventilation is required 1~2 times a day. When the temperature is above 25℃, doors and windows must be opened day and night to cool down, and forced ventilation is necessary. In addition, the culture room should generally be kept in poor light, and direct sunlight is strictly prohibited.

7-circle color

Discoloration is a normal physiological phenomenon in mushroom cultivation. When the mycelium is full of bags, it has a certain maturity. Under certain conditions of air, light, temperature and humidity, the aerial hyphae on the surface begin to invert, secrete pigment and spit out yellow water, and the color changes from white to brown, finally forming a film with moisturizing, heat preservation, light protection and antibacterial effects. This process is called discoloration.

Medium-mature varieties generally change color faster, and the color of the rods in the bag should be promoted. Early-mature varieties should generally change color after unpacking.

7. Mushroom management technology

1 Selection of bagging period

For the standardized greenhouse cultivation of fresh mushrooms, the suitable bagging period is generally when the highest temperature in the mushroom greenhouse drops below 25℃. Generally, 10 ends in the middle of 1 10, and high altitude areas can be advanced to the middle of 10.

2 bag removal and color change

Bagging should be carried out in sunny morning or cloudy day, and the temperature difference is small in rainy days. After bagging, mushroom Mu Yi was affected by rain and infected with miscellaneous bacteria. When unpacking, gently cut the plastic bag with a sharp knife and peel it off. It should be noted that when cutting bags, you only need to cut plastic bags, and you must not cut mushroom skins, otherwise it will easily cause mold pollution.

Early-maturing varieties should be covered with film after bag removal and kept moist for 3 days to promote the growth of aerial hyphae. Then the aerial mycelium should be ventilated and dehumidified to make it lodging and turn into brown fungus skin.

3 autumn mushroom management

According to the climate characteristics in autumn and the influence of mushroom beds in greenhouse on light, temperature, humidity and air, autumn management should focus on temperature control, moisture preservation and mildew prevention.

In autumn, the temperature is high, the highest temperature is close to 30℃, sometimes the temperature in the shed exceeds 30℃, and the relative humidity of the air is low. It is necessary to prevent high temperature and moisture, and do a good job in discoloration management. After the color change is completed, the temperature difference should be used to accelerate the germination. The specific way is to close the greenhouse membrane during the day, cover the bed with a small membrane to raise the temperature in the greenhouse, open the greenhouse door at night, and ventilate for 1~2 hours to reduce the greenhouse temperature. For 3~4 days in a row, a large number of mushroom buds will appear. After mushroom buds are formed, it is necessary to maintain a relatively stable temperature and humidity.

If the temperature exceeds 23℃, the shed door film can be lifted at one end of the shed during the day to reduce the shed temperature. At night, open the door film at both ends of the shed, spray water on the mushroom wood 1 time, then ventilate for 30 minutes, and then cover the film after the free water on the surface of the mushroom wood evaporates, which can not only cool down, ventilate and increase oxygen, but also maintain high humidity. The amount of water sprayed depends on the water conservation efficiency of mushroom farm and the weather. Paddy fields with high humidity can be sprayed less, rainy days can be sprayed less or not, and dry lands with poor moisture conservation can be sprayed more.

The first batch of mushrooms should be picked in time when they grow to 7-8 minutes. If the moisture content of the mushroom wood is high after the first mushroom harvest, it is necessary to uncover the film and ventilate for 8~ 12 hours every day, let the mycelium rest for about 7 days to accumulate nutrition, and then still adopt the temperature difference and humidity difference. After 6~8 days, the second tide mushroom can appear. After picking the first mushroom, if the weight of the mushroom wood is 1/2 to 1/3 of the original weight, the water content of the mushroom wood will reach 58%~62% after 7 days, and the intuitive standard can be mastered until the light yellow water drops are sprayed on the surface of the mushroom wood. After 6~8 days of moisturizing management, the second tide mushroom will be formed.

The mushroom bed in greenhouse has the advantages of rapid temperature rise, good moisture retention and high temperature in autumn, which is easy to cause blue mold pollution in high temperature and high humidity environment and lead to regional mildew of mushroom wood. If the quantity is not large, it can be prevented by artificial weeding combined with drugs. Scrape the moldy part with a knife or bamboo stick to expose the normal part of mushroom wood, and then scrub or smear it with 50% carbendazim for 200~300 times, which can effectively inhibit the rotten pipe.

4 Mushroom management

In winter, the temperature is low, the metabolic activity of mycelium is weak, the nutrient accumulation is slow, and the process of primordium differentiation and fruiting body formation is slow. In sunny days, the greenhouse temperature rises rapidly, and the effect of heat preservation and moisture retention is good. Another effective measure to improve the yield of winter mushroom is to choose a reasonable method to accelerate germination, shorten the time of mushroom bud formation, increase the number of mushroom buds and produce as many mushrooms as possible. Due to the low temperature and the low metabolic intensity of mycelium, the conventional methods of covering the film in the daytime and uncovering the film at night to expand the temperature difference are not ideal, so the methods with high intensity such as sunshine moisturizing and steam germination must be adopted.

The key to mushroom production management in winter is to try to raise the greenhouse temperature. The following operation methods can be selected: (1) exchange the sunshade net with the greenhouse film inside and outside, so that more sunlight can penetrate into the greenhouse to raise the greenhouse temperature; (2) When the temperature is low, remove the sunshade net, move it into the greenhouse, and directly cover it on the small arch membrane; (3) Close the sunshade net on sunny days to increase the light transmission and increase the greenhouse temperature, and open the sunshade net at night to increase the heat preservation effect. In management, the mushrooms are ventilated once a day and for 30 minutes at noon when the temperature is high. Before ventilation, water should be sprayed to keep the humidity in the shed, and the film should be covered after the water drops on the surface of the mushroom wood dry.

5 spring mushroom management

In spring, the temperature rises gradually, with large temperature difference and heavy rainfall. The key point of management is to control humidity, do a good job of ventilation and mildew prevention, replenish water in time, catch tide management, strive for more mushrooms, and supplement nutrients appropriately in combination with water supplement in the later stage to improve yield.

Early temperature is not high, mainly pay attention to the water supply of mushroom wood. After harvesting, after 6-8 days of recuperation and rejuvenation, mushroom wood should be supplemented in time to promote the occurrence of mushroom buds. After the mushroom is harvested, the position of the sunshade net should be restored in time, and the ventilation should be 1 time every day for 30 minutes, and the water spraying amount should be determined according to the weather conditions until the mushroom is harvested. Mushrooms should be cultivated in time after harvesting, supplemented with water and germinated. In the later period, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, so it is very important to pay attention to cooling and humidity control, strengthen ventilation and prevent mold pollution. The cooling methods are: 1 thickened sunshade net; 2 spray water outside the greenhouse to cool down; 3. Open one end of the shed door membrane to reduce the shed temperature during the day; Spray water once in the morning and evening for 30 minutes each time to achieve the functions of cooling, increasing oxygen and moisturizing. After harvesting, open the plastic film doors at both ends for 6-8 days, add 0. 1% urea, 0.3% calcium superphosphate, triacontanol 1.5ppm or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.0 1%~0.02% citric acid into the supplementary water, adjust the pH value, and increase the pH value.

8, pest control:

① Environmental sanitation: Mushrooms should be kept clean and ventilated.

(2) Trichoderma prevention and control: high temperature and high humidity should be prevented in the process of mycelium culture, discoloration and fruiting, and a ventilated and dry ecological environment should be created. When mushrooms don't grow, the high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticide Tobuzin is used for control, and the concentration is 1:500.

③ Streptomyces: The temperature of the culture site is 23-25℃ and the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%. Isolate the infection in time, wrap it in wet newspaper and take it out for landfill.

④ Comprehensive prevention and control of rotten pipes: the place where the highest temperature in summer does not exceed 30℃ is the most suitable place for cultivation; It has a culture site corresponding to the number of bacteria, and has the condition of ventilation device, so as to discharge yellow water in time and prevent the pipe from rotting caused by accumulated water.

⑤ Pest control: the cultivation field is isolated with plastic net to prevent mosquitoes and flies from entering; Stick a piece of cloth stained with pesticides in the space where the fields are cultivated and drive them away. It is not allowed to spray pesticides directly on mushrooms. The use of pesticides should be carried out according to GB4285.