The Image of "Spring" in Ancient Poetry

There are many words used by previous poets in classical poetry. Due to the accumulation of history, these words have influenced the author's thoughts and feelings, been given specific meanings and formed images. The poet Si Kongtu said: "Imagination is natural and strange." Hu Yingli also said in "Poetry": "The beauty of ancient poetry lies in seeking images." Thus, image is the soul of poetic art and the focus of poet's emotion. Therefore, when appreciating poetry, we must be familiar with common images and understand their meanings, which is helpful to grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry.

Common images in classical poetry are:

"Fold the willow", because "willow" and "stay" are homophonic, and the word "willow" in ancient poetry implies the hope that the other party will stay. There is a sentence in the Book of Songs, "I have been there, and the willows are yiyi". When the ancients bid farewell, they often folded willows to express their deep feelings of parting. This custom began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing. Sui anonymous poem "Farewell": "Willow green hangs on the ground and flowers are flying all over the sky. The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? " Baling Bridge in the Tang Dynasty was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country, and the willows on both sides of Baling Bridge were hidden, which became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell, such as "willow leaves every year, Baling hurts to say goodbye" and "Who can't afford to miss home?" About tonight, I heard the tune of Broken Willow. Who can't remember the feeling of missing my hometown?

Cuckoo, commonly known as cuckoo, also known as Zigui, Du Yu and heartbroken bird, is a symbol of desolation and sadness. In spring and summer, cuckoos crow all night, crows are crisp and short, arousing people's feelings. The oral epithelium and tongue of rhododendron are red, and the ancients thought it was full of blood. Just when the azaleas are singing, it is the time when the azaleas are in full bloom. When people see that azaleas are so bright red, they say that azaleas are bleeding. As the Tang Dynasty poet Cheng wrote, "What is the merit of cuckoo?"? It is suspected that there is blood in the mouth, which drips on the branches and becomes flowers. " In China's classical poems, Du Fu is often associated with bitterness. Li Bai's poem "Difficult Road to Shu" says: "Come to the cuckoo and cry, and worry about the empty mountain." Another example is Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip: "Cuckoo's blood cries, ape's sobs." The cuckoo's crow is like saying "It's better to go home", and its crow can easily touch people's homesickness.

"Ice and snow" is often used by the ancients to describe the loyalty and noble character of the soul. Wang Changling's "Farewell to Furong Inn and Xin Qiji": "If Luoyang's relatives and friends ask each other, there is an ice heart in the jade pot." Bing Xin is a noble soul. The ancients often used "clear as jade pot ice" as a metaphor for a person's aboveboard mind. Another example is Zhang Xiaoxiang's Nian Nujiao, which says, "You should miss Shan Hai Jing Nian, you should be alone, and your liver and lungs are covered with snow and ice".

"Moon", ethereal, clear and noble, cast the blood and soul of many ancient poems in China, witnessed the sadness of history, interpreted the farewell of life, rendered the feelings of parting, poured out the bitterness of the boudoir, set off the desolation after the robbery and realized the philosophy of life. For example, in Li Yu's "Young Beauty", "The small building was easterly last night, and the old country was unbearable to look back on the bright moon". The poet looked at the moon and homesick, and wrote about the unique pain of the king who died of the country; Li Bai's poem: "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking, I suddenly remembered home"; Zhang Jiuling's "The Moon is Full of the Sea, Tianya is at this time * * *" reflects the poet's yearning for the moon, his friends and his motherland.

"Nanpu" and "Changting", in China's ancient poems, Nanpu and Changting are both metaphors for seeing off. Nanpu is a place near the water. Jiang Yan's "Biefu": "Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It's so sad to send you to Nanpu!" The ancient people's farewell to the water is not only in Nanpu, because of the long-term national culture, Nanpu has become the proper name of the farewell place to the water. The pavilion is an ancient hall on the roadside for people to rest. Yu Xin's ode to the south of the Yangtze River says: "Ten miles and five miles, roadside pavilion." Explain that there is a long pavilion every ten miles and a short pavilion every five miles. Liu Yong's Yulinling: "Cold and sad, Changting is too late." Obviously, in China's classical poetry, the pavilion has become a farewell place on land.

"Floating clouds" and "spring grass (fragrant grass)" have the meaning of drifting away from thoughts. The "floating clouds" come from China's ancient poem "Clouds cover the sky, and people who drift ignore it." "Spring Grass (Fangcao)" is from Chu Ci? Recruit hermits "If the king doesn't return, the spring grass will be sad." For example, Du Fu's dream of Li Bai, the clouds that floated across the sky all day, may be like wanderers, and they will never come back. Qin Guan's "Mourning the grass and remembering the king's grandson, the willow building is high in the sky." Similar images include Sunset and Grassland. Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "There are few willows blowing on the branches, and there are no fragrant grass in the end of the world" also comes from the message of the soul in Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", "Where there is no fragrant grass, why is there homesickness?" It refers to the place where beautiful ideals are realized.

"Indus" and "Banana" mostly express loneliness, sadness and bitterness in classical poems. As the old saying goes, "A leaf falls to know the autumn of the world", which refers to the falling leaves of plane trees. Writing sad autumn with phoenix tree symbolizes desolation and sadness, which is a common technique used by the ancients. Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice" "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk. This time, the first word is' worry'. " Li Yu's "Night Cry" "Lonely phoenix tree, deep courtyard locks clear autumn." It can be seen that the phoenix tree can never be separated from sadness. The folk music ensemble "Rain Beats Banana" is well-known at home and abroad, and its voice is sad and clear, and it is emotional to listen to. In China's classical poems, "rain hits banana" is as sad as "phoenix tree raining at night". Wu Wenying's "Tang Duoling": "Where to synthesize sorrow? Autumn is far away from people's hearts, bananas stand upright, and it doesn't rain. " Even if it doesn't rain, the wind blows the leaves of banana and blows out cold air.

"Plum blossom" and "pine and cypress" have no obvious symbolic sustenance in Yongmei's early poems. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, plum blossom had become a symbol of noble personality. There is a saying in Tang poetry that "a snow is similar, but I don't know it alone." "Operator Liu You? Yongmei: "Scattered into mud and ground into ashes, only the fragrance remains. "The plum blossom in the poem shows a noble character." Pine and cypress "comes from The Analects of Confucius? Zi Han: "When you are cold, you will know the pine and cypress, and then adjust it. "Later generations often use pine and cypress to symbolize loneliness, straightness and cold tolerance. For example, Liu Yuxi's "I want to go to Ruzhou, I want to leave a message to Li Xianggong": "Later, wealth has faded, and the cold pines and cypresses are still there. "

The Book of Songs Cricket? The wind of darkness? The activities of July crickets are described in detail: "July is in the wild, August is in the house, September is in the house, and October crickets enter my bed." Crickets sing like the sound of a loom, and the season is late autumn, so it is associated with promoting people's textiles, preparing winter clothes, and even lack of recruitment. Cricket is also called "promoting weaving", for example, in Qi Tianle by Jiang Kui: "Sorrow is like resentment, and I miss my daughter sleepless, looking for opportunities. Qu Pingshan, I am very emotional at night. " I wrote about the melancholy of a woman who missed people far away after hearing the sound of cricket. Similar images include "partridge" and so on.

"Cold cicada", cicada is short-lived, after some autumn rain, all that remains is a few groans, so cicada is synonymous with sadness. "Cold cicadas wail, the pavilion is late, and the shower begins to rest", brewing an atmosphere that is enough to move the parting. However, the ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express their noble character. Wang's "Political Prisoners Listening to Cicada" said: "It's not that the autumn wind is unreasonable." Is to use cicadas as a metaphor for noble character.

"Ape crow" often symbolizes a sad feeling in poetry. For example, Lao Du's "Ascending the Mountain": "There is a strong wind in the sky, and apes crow." Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics? In Jiang Shui, the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes crow three times and touch the clothes." Li Duan's "Send a guest to Bajiang Night Ape": "Bashui is far away, crying apes hurts the guests." They all use apes to express this sad mood.

"Guan Shanyue", Guanshan refers to Guansai Mountain and Guansai River. "Guanshan" and "Moon" often appear in frontier poems. "Yuefu Solve Problems": "Guan Shanyue, it is also sad to leave." Show the feeling that the husband is homesick and the woman is homesick. For example, Lu Sidao's "Joining the Army" says: "You can't cross the mountain in Wan Li. Who can sit on the right side of Fangfeiyue? " Wang Changling's "Expedition": "The month of Qin was closed in Han, and the Long March people did not return."

"Qiangdi" is an ancient western musical instrument, which makes a sad sound. Qiangdi was often mentioned in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Cen Can's Judge Bai Xuege Ruling Beijing: "China army gave a banquet in return and played the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him." Fan Zhongyan's Fisherman's Pride: "A cup of turbid restaurant Wan Li, Ran Yan is not happy, Qiang Guan is full of frost." The shrill voice of the strong brother often makes recruiters cry. And Lonely City, Yumenguan and Qiangdi are often related to husband's share. Such as Gao Shi's A Few Surviving Watchers by the Lonely Wall at Sunset, and Wang Zhihuan's Spring Breeze is Not Enough.

There are springs, which are often associated with endless melancholy. Harp represents harmony between husband and wife, autumn wind represents fatigue and homesickness, spring breeze represents complacency, running water and fallen leaves represent depression, the sea represents heroism, Hongyan represents letters, and Yun Lan represents parting thoughts and battles.

China culture has a long history, and the images in classical poetry have accumulated rich cultural connotations and unique aesthetic tastes, which poets often use to express similar or interlinked feelings. Therefore, only by grasping the image, theme, mood, social significance and appeal of poetry can we really appreciate China's classical poetry.