What are the customs and traditions of the Dragon Boat Festival (10 kinds of Dragon Boat Festival folk activities)

What are the customs and traditions of Dragon Boat Festival?

The main customs of the Dragon Boat Festival include dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, picking herbs, hanging wormwood, calamus, offering sacrifices to ancestors, flying kites, drinking Pu wine, realgar wine, cinnabar wine, playing polo, jumping Zhong Kui and mowing grass, among which dragon boat racing and eating zongzi are the most important and symbolic customs.

Theron? This is the main custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. Legend originated from the ancient Chu State? Because you don't want to be virtuous? Qu Yuan died in the river, was it a lot? Rowing, chasing, saving. What are they chasing after? There are no traces on Dongting Lake. Every Friday after that? Five? Draw a dragon? To commemorate it.

Borrow a dragon? Dispel the fish in the river, lest the fish eat Qu Yuan's? Body. The habit of racing, sheng? , Yue, Chu. In fact, "dragon? Racial crossing existed as early as the Warring States period. In a hurry? Carve a dragon-shaped loneliness in the sound, and play a race game to entertain the gods and joy? Is it a half-religious and half-entertaining festival in the ceremony? .

Eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival? Is it China? People's traditional customs. Every Friday? At the beginning, every family in China had to soak glutinous rice? Wash leaves and wrap jiaozi? , its flowers? There are many varieties. From filling, north? Multiple packs? Jujube jiaozi in Beijing; South? Really? Sand, fresh? 、? Legs, egg yolks and other fillings, including Zhejiang Jiaxing Zongzi? As a representative. Eat zongzi? Customs, for thousands of years, in China? Is it lasting? And spread to North Korea? This country and southeast Asian countries.

10 Various folk activities of the Dragon Boat Festival

During the Dragon Boat Festival, there are custom activities such as dragon boat rowing, Dragon Boat Festival, herb picking and hanging wormwood.

Dragon Boat Festival is a folk festival that integrates offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, praying for evil spirits, celebrating entertainment and eating. The customs mainly include dragon boat rowing, Dragon Boat Festival, herb picking, hanging wormwood, drinking water at noon, washing herbal water, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, soaking in dragon boat water, eating dragon boat rice, eating zongzi, putting paper dragons, putting paper kites, tying colorful silk threads and wearing sachets. It not only clearly recorded the rich and colorful social life and cultural contents of our ancestors, but also accumulated profound historical and cultural connotations.

Brief introduction to the origin of Dragon Boat Festival

Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, also called Duanyang Festival, Noon Festival and May Festival. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival for the Han people in China to commemorate Qu Yuan. There are also customs of eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome, angelica dahurica and drinking realgar wine. "Dragon Boat Festival" is one of the national legal holidays and is listed in the world intangible cultural heritage list. About the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, to sum up, there are roughly the following statements: Qu Yuan

To commemorate Qu Yuan

This theory originated from the Peace of Continuation of Qi written by Wu Jun in the Liang Dynasty and the Chronicle of Jingchu in the Southern Dynasty. It is said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue, and all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was never seen. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that it was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, people rowed on rivers, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. People were afraid that fish in the river would eat his body, so they went home and threw rice balls into the river to prevent fish and shrimp from ruining Qu Yuan's body. Later, eating zongzi became a custom. Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival seems to be related to commemorating Qu Yuan, as evidenced by Wen Xiu's poem "Dragon Boat Festival" in the Tang Dynasty: "The festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival, and it is rumored that it is Qu Yuan. It is ridiculous that the Chu River is empty and cannot be washed directly. "

In memory of filial daughter Cao E

This sentence comes from Cao E tablet in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao E was a native of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Her father drowned in the river and didn't see her body for several days. At that time, Cao E, the filial daughter, was only fourteen years old, crying day and night by the river. 17 days later, he threw himself into the river on May 5, and fished out his father's body five days later.

short for Shenyang/a surname

During the Spring and Autumn Period, after the death of Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, he became Shen Tao, and the world mourned and sacrificed, so there was the Dragon Boat Festival. This legend is widely circulated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Wu Zixu, a famous Chu national, and his father and brother were all killed by the King of Chu. Later, Zixu defected to the State of Wu, helped the State of Wu to conquer Chu, and entered the State of Chu in the Five Wars. At that time, King Chu Ping was already dead. Zixu dug a grave and whipped 300 bodies to avenge his father's murder. After the death of He Lv, the king of Wu, Fu Cha, his grandson, succeeded to the throne. Wu Jun's morale was high and he was defeated by Yue. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, made peace, and Fu Cha agreed. Zi Xu suggested the complete elimination of Yue State. Fu Cha didn't listen, and Wu Taishou was bought by Yue. He was framed by slanderers, believed by Fu Cha, and gave him a sword. As a result, Zixu died. Zixu, a loyal minister, feels like death. Before he died, he said to his neighbors, "After I die, I will gouge out my eyes and hang them on the east gate of Jason Wu, watching the Vietnamese army enter the city and destroy Wu." Then he killed himself. Fu Cha was furious after hearing this. On May 5th, he wrapped Zixu's body in leather and threw it into the river. Therefore, it is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is also a day to commemorate Wu Zixu.

Dragon Boat Festival

This statement comes from Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education. He thinks that the fifth day of May is the day when Wu Tinghui, the head of the "dragon" in ancient wuyue, held a totem sacrifice in the dragon boat bid [1]. The main reason is that the two main activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, eating zongzi and running, are all related to dragons. Zongzi thrown into the water is often stolen by dragons, and dragon boat races. The relationship between racing and ancient wuyue is particularly deep. In addition, wuyue and people with serial tattoos have the custom of "looking like dragons". In ancient times, there was a folk custom of "tying the arms with colorful silk in early May", which should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "Like a dragon".

An evil day

In the pre-Qin period, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the fifth was an evil day. According to legend, this day is evil, and the five poisons came out together. According to the Book of Rites, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the orchid bath in the Zhou Dynasty. Midsummer in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in May. "Xia Zheng Xiao" records: "Store medicine this day to get rid of poisonous gas." It is recorded in "Da Dai Li" that "the orchid is kept as a bath on May 5", which is also the legend that the fifth day is the taboo day for bathing to exorcise evil spirits. The famous Meng Changjun in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun was born on May 5th. His father asked his mother not to have him, thinking that "a child born in May is longer than a family, which is not good for parents." "Custom Pass" was lost. "It is said that on May 5th, a child was born, and the male harmed his father and the female harmed his mother". Wang Chong, the author of Lun Heng, also described: "The first month and May are taboos; Kill your father and your mother in May of the first month. " Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May. His grandfather named him "Zhen Xie". Evonne and Song Huizong were born on the fifth day of May, and were fostered outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that it is a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day in ancient times. It can be seen that this day has been an unlucky day since the pre-Qin period. In this way, it is logical to insert calamus and mugwort leaves to exorcise ghosts, smoke atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica and drink realgar wine to avoid the epidemic on this day. Moreover, people also avoid the taboo of "Dragon Boat Festival" and call it "Dragon Boat Festival".

Summer solstice

Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in his Interesting Talk about Dragon Boat Festival and Traditional Festivals in China: The authoritative book Chronicle of Jingchu's Age did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but was written on the solstice festival in summer. As for the race, Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in Sui Dynasty listed it as an entertainment activity from summer to the sun, which shows that it is not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river. Some contents in the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "collecting miscellaneous medicines", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in Ji Hua Li is: "The sun shines, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, so it can also be called midsummer Festival. Therefore, the earliest origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is the summer solstice. There are many controversies, and the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan has the most extensive influence. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding personality and art, people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him. Qiu Jin

In memory of poetess Qiu Jin

Qiu Ruixiong, the first person to build a lake, Xiao Gu, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was good at poetry and lyrics since childhood and loved riding and fencing. She was named Mulan and Qin Liangyu. Joining the revolution at the age of 28 had a great influence. He was arrested by Qing soldiers when planning an uprising, and died heroically in Xuanhengkou, Shaoxing on June 5, Guangxu thirty-three years ago. In order to praise her poems and mourn her heroic deeds, later generations merged with the Poets' Day to commemorate her, and designated the Poets' Day as the Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

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Dragon Boat Festival is a festival of the sun.

Dragon Boat Festival is a festival of the sun, and there is also a festival of the moon in China, the Mid-Autumn Festival. Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated at noon, which is a festival to exorcise evil spirits. The sun can drive away evil spirits. In fact, there was this festival before Quyuan jumped into the river. It is the totem of fighting, going to evil, and absinthe replaces the sword. There are many stories about the Dragon Boat Festival in China, such as the flooded Jinshan and the white lady drinking realgar wine. This is a festival in a distant country. Qu Yuan chose to die during the Dragon Boat Festival, which promoted the humanistic spirit of the Dragon Boat Festival. Originally, it was a festival to uphold justice, showing the totem worship of dragons, out of people's awe of nature; On the other hand, Qu Yuan gave this festival new meaning. Li Sao is a wonderful word for a thousand years. "If there were no rivers, there would not be a thousand years of excitement." The custom of this ancient nation gained new meaning because of Qu Yuan. For example, today we pay attention to a harmonious society, so every battle is for harmony. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The essential activities of this day gradually evolved into eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus, wormwood and wormwood leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan.

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Festival custom

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Women's decorations during the Dragon Boat Festival in old Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Generally made of gold and silver thread or copper wire and gold foil, it looks like a villain riding a tiger, and there are bells, bells, tassels, garlic, zongzi and so on. Inserted in a woman's bun, it is also used for breastfeeding. "Jia Qinglu" says: "People in the city use gold and silver silk as numerous tassels, chime bells and ride tigers, which are extremely exquisite. They use small hairpin as ornaments, strings as links, or copper wire and gold foil as wives to insert them into their temples. They also sacrificed to each other, called Ren Jian. " When healthy people say they agree with Ai people, they just exchange diaosi for Ai people. Wu Manyun's Preface to Jiangxiang Festival said: "Hang the custom, the healthy person loves the people, and the silk is easy to use to make it like a tiger, and women wear it." It seems that this will have the effect of exorcising evil spirits and controlling epidemics; Speaking of walking in ancient times, it was purely a woman's ornament. Children will also draw a "king" on their heads with realgar wine.

Douniang, the headdress of women with five knots in the old days. More common in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called healthy people. This thing originated from ancient walking and is a different form of Ai people. Jia Qinglu quoted the legacy of Tang and Song Dynasties as saying: "It is ingenious to win the first prize in five days in the north and south of the river. All the mugwort leaves are pressed and sold, or embroidered with fairy, Buddha, harmony, martial arts, insects, fish, beasts, sweet flowers and other shapes. Crepe spider, yee LAM Raymond, cocoon tiger velvet tuo, lawn lizard, mantis cicada scorpion, gourd melon and fruit, with vivid colors. Covered with a treasure, there are countless hydrangeas and hundreds of shapes of bells, or strung together. The name is Douniang, invincible. "

Ai Hu, the exorcist of the old Dragon Boat Festival, was also used as an ornament. In ancient China, the tiger was regarded as a god beast, and it was thought that it could suppress evil spirits and keep peace. "Custom Pass" says: "A tiger is a penis, and a beast is also long. Can eat ghosts and evil. " Therefore, people often use tigers to ward off evil spirits, especially during the Dragon Boat Festival in Ai Hu. Ai Hu either cut it with mugwort leaves or cut it into a tiger's ribbon, glued it with mugwort leaves and put it on her hair. For more than 1000 years, the Dragon Boat Festival has been decorated with Ai Hu customs. Song Chen Yuan-gui quoted the title of Song Ben Guang Ji as a miscellaneous note: "In the Dragon Boat Festival, Ai is regarded as a tiger, even as big as a black bean, or cut the ribbon to be a tiger, and the leaves of Ai are attached to wear it. Wang's "Dragon Boat Festival Post" poem: "Hairpin Phoenix, know how to drive away evil spirits and drive the seven treasures of Xiangyun. Fu Cha Dunchong's Notes on Yanjing Years in the Qing Dynasty said: "Every evening, those who are clever in boudoir will make tigers and zongzi out of silk, wear them with colored thread, hang them on their hair pins or tie them on their children's backs. The ancient poem goes,' Jade swallows a hairpin and loves a tiger lightly', which is what it means. "

Painting the forehead, the custom of painting the child's forehead with realgar on the Dragon Boat Festival, clouds can drive away poisonous insects. The typical method is to draw the word "Wang" on the child's forehead with realgar. One is to drive away poison, and the other is to suppress evil by tigers. Fu Cha Dunchong's Chronicle of Yanjing in Qing Dynasty: "From the first day of the first lunar month, take realgar and sprinkle wine on the collar and nose and ears of children to avoid poison." In addition to the forehead, nose and ears, other places can also be painted, with the same intention. Shanxi Hequ county records: "Drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival and applying it to children's forehead, hands and feet can cure diseases and prolong life."

Immortal fire, I hate wearing ornaments on the Dragon Boat Festival. It is also called life-sustaining line, lifeline, life-prolonging line and longevity line. It is also called "Bai Suo", "Little Ice" and "Colored Line" with different names and basically the same shape and function. During the Dragon Boat Festival, it is made of five-color silk, or hung at the door, or worn around the child's neck, or tied on the child's arm, or hung on the bed curtain, cradle and other places. It is said that it can avoid disasters, protect health and prolong life. This festival has five shapes: simple five-color silk threads are combined into a rope and tied to the arm; Decorate Suk Kim ornaments on colorful ropes and hang them around your neck; Colorful ropes are folded into squares and decorated on the chest; Colorful knots are worn by portraits; Embroider the sun, moon, stars, black beasts and other things with colored silk thread to pay tribute to the elders. This custom began in the Han Dynasty. Ying Shao wrote "Lost Customs" in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "In the afternoon, tie your arms with colorful silks to avoid ghosts and soldiers, so that people will not get sick. One is a long-lived ghost fire, and the other is a soldier. " Later, they gradually got used to it, until it was near modern times. Qing Fu Chaton's "Yanjing Years" recorded the custom at that time: "Every time the sun goes down, those who are clever in the boudoir will make tigers, zongzi, gourds, cherries and mulberries with colored threads and hang them on their hair pins or tie them on the backs of children." Among them, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the imperial court gave ministers things like saving things. In the first year of Xingyuan in Tang Daizong, the court gave one hundred rope axes. "Book of Rites XV": "The day before, the golden thread was given an official life extension, and the colored thread was given an official life extension. Wear it on holidays. " The sachet is also called sachet, sachet, sachet and so on. It is made of five-color silk thread and rags. It's filled with spices and worn on the chest, which has a faint scent. Chen Shiliang quoted Miscellaneous Notes on the Year of the Year as saying that "the Dragon Boat Festival is red and white, like a bag, with colored lines running through it and shaped like a flower." Another kind of "mussel powder bell": "On the fifth day, mussel powder is placed in silk and decorated with cotton, if there are several beads. Let the children take it to absorb sweat. " The things in these carry-on bags have changed several times, from sweat-absorbing mussel powder, amulets to ward off evil spirits, copper coins and realgar powder to sachets filled with spices, and their production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival.

Wearing sachets is very particular. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus flowers, dolls riding fish, dolls holding cocks, double lotus flowers and other shapes, symbolizing birds and flowers, all the best, loving each other and family harmony. Children like birds and animals, such as tigers and leopards; Monkeys on telephone poles, cockfighting to catch rabbits, etc. Young people are most particular about wearing sachets. If they are lovers in love, affectionate girls will carefully make one or two sachets with their own characteristics a long time ago and give them to their lovers before the festival. The young man wore a sachet from his sweetheart, which naturally aroused the discussion of men and women around him and praised the ingenuity of the young man's object.

Deconstruction, digestion and avoidance of five poisons

As mentioned above, the Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous day and an evil day in the eyes of the ancients. This idea has been handed down in folk beliefs, so there are various customs of seeking peace and overcoming disasters. In fact, this is because the summer weather is hot and dry, people are easy to get sick, and the plague is easy to spread; In addition, snakes and insects bite easily, so be very careful, which forms this habit. All kinds of customs, such as picking herbs, sprinkling realgar wine on the wall and drinking Pu wine, seem superstitious, but in fact they are also healthy health-keeping activities. Dragon Boat Festival can be regarded as a traditional medical care festival, and it is a festival for people to fight against diseases and poisonous insects. Today, these health customs should still be carried forward.