Shooting skills of SLR camera

The reason why everyone set foot on the road of photography is almost attracted by the charm of SLR cameras and their accessories. Let's share with you a complete collection of shooting skills of SLR cameras. Welcome to refer to!

I. Aperture and shutter

1, aperture is preferred when shooting portraits and landscapes.

Aperture priority is to manually define the aperture size, and the camera will decide the shutter speed according to this aperture value. Because the aperture directly affects the depth of field, this mode is most widely used in ordinary shooting. When taking portraits, I usually blur the background with a large aperture and a long focal length to get a shallow depth of field, which can highlight the subject. At the same time, a larger aperture can also obtain a faster shutter value, thus improving the stability of hand-held shooting. When shooting scenery, I often use a smaller aperture, so that the depth of field is wider, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear. This is also applicable when shooting at night.

2. Shutters are mostly used to shoot moving objects, such as moving vehicles, waterfalls, flying objects, fireworks, water droplets, etc.

Contrary to aperture priority, shutter priority is to obtain aperture value through camera metering when the shutter is defined manually. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting. Many friends find that when shooting moving objects, the subject is often blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough. In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot. And the motion of the object is generally regular, then the shutter value can also be roughly estimated. For example, the shutter speed for photographing pedestrians is only1125 seconds, while it takes11000 seconds for photographing falling water droplets.

In short, in the case of aperture priority, we can easily control the depth of field by changing the aperture size, while in the case of shutter priority, using different apertures can achieve good shooting results for moving objects. Both should be used flexibly to meet our shooting needs in different situations.

Second, portrait shooting

First of all, use telephoto, 3-4 times telephoto is very suitable for taking portraits, and the wide-angle end will make people look a little deformed and ugly. A telephoto of more than 4 times or even longer will make the face too flat and not vivid enough.

Secondly, the aperture takes precedence. Choosing a large aperture can make the shutter faster, reduce jitter and make the background as blurred as possible. It is best to choose spot metering, front spot metering and exposure locking. Because other metering methods are easily affected by the color of clothes, the face exposure is not normal.

Finally, the composition. Portraits should account for 1/3- 1/2, and faces should be above 1/3 (from bottom to top). The portrait taken in this way will be very vivid, have visual impact and make people look good.

Third, how to shoot macro well

Shooting a good macro requires lighting and composition skills. What we need to master is how to shoot the macro clearly, not paste it. Just pay attention to the following two points. First, use a tripod. My hands are unstable and I always see a paste after zooming in, so the first one is to use a tripod. Secondly, use a selfie machine. We found that even if we use the bracket, when we press the shutter, we still bring jitter. The best way is to start the selfie machine.

Fourth, use exposure compensation.

Press the+-key and the exposure compensation adjustment bar will appear. Press the left and right keys to adjust the positive and negative compensation sum, one level at a time 1/3. After adjustment, press the+-key again to confirm.

So, how to apply exposure compensation? Generally speaking, in a white environment, the photometry is low and needs to be increased, and vice versa.

1. When the shooting environment is dark and the brightness needs to be increased, the flash can be compensated for exposure and the exposure can be increased appropriately.

2. When the photographed white object looks gray or not white enough in the photo, the exposure should be increased. Simply put, the whiter the more. This seems to run counter to the basic principles and habits of exposure, but it is not. This is because the camera's photometry often focuses on the central subject, and the white subject will make the camera mistakenly think that the environment is very bright, so it is underexposed, which is also a common problem that most beginners are prone to make.

3. When you shoot in front of a very bright background, such as in front of a sunny window, in front of a backlit landscape, etc. , increase exposure or use flash.

When you shoot people on the beach, in the snow, in sunny places or in front of a white background, you should increase the exposure and use the flash, otherwise the subject will be very dark.

5. When shooting the snow scene, the background light is strongly reflected by the snow, and the photometric deviation of the camera is particularly large. Increase the exposure at this time, or the snow will turn gray.

6. When shooting black objects, reduce the exposure to make black look purer in the photos.

7. When you shoot in front of a black background, you also need to reduce the exposure to avoid overexposure of the subject.

8, night shooting, you should turn off the flash, improve the exposure value, by extending the exposure time of the camera to achieve gorgeous results, many people think that night shooting ability is very poor, in fact, not using the exposure method of the camera correctly is one of the important reasons.

9. When it is cloudy and foggy, the environment is still bright, but the illumination of the actual object is obviously insufficient. Without exposure compensation, the photo may be dim. Appropriate exposure compensation, plus 0.3 to 0.7, can make the brightness of the scene more natural.

Being good at applying and reasonably using exposure compensation can greatly improve the success rate of your photographic works, and take photos with clear pictures, appropriate brightness and comfortable viewing, thus improving the shooting quality.

Fifth, skillfully use grid lines to compose a picture.

We know that the golden ratio can give people beauty. Therefore, arranging the points of interest in the film on four focuses or dividing lines will give people a visual aesthetic feeling. Grid lines conveniently provide us with such a reference. In addition to the above attention to the composition of gold dots, we should also pay attention to the following points:

1, avoid straight lines running through both sides, especially avoid dividing the photo into two horizontal lines or vertical lines.

2. Treatment of the horizon. The horizon often appears in landscape works. In order to avoid the effect of dividing up and down, try to break the flatness of the horizon, such as using clouds, distant mountains, sunrises, sunsets or other buildings. In addition, the position of the horizon should also be arranged on the dividing line of the center of interest, and CX 1 should be kept horizontal (special creativity is another matter).

3, shooting moving objects should leave a certain space before the movement. When the subject is moving, the viewer's eyes will habitually move in the direction of the subject's movement. If there is no space in front of the movement, it will give people a sense of oppression. In addition, usually the direction of the subject's gaze should also leave a relatively large space.

Of course, in addition to paying attention to the basic principles of composition, we should also pay attention to:

① Highlight the main body. Before shooting, you should "make up your mind" as before painting, and consider what the picture mainly shows and where the main body is arranged. Then through light, color, line, shape and other modeling means, to achieve the purpose of highlighting the main body.

② Visual balance. A photo with a balanced composition can give people a sense of stability and harmony. There are two kinds of balance: symmetric balance and asymmetric balance. Asymmetric balanced combinations are usually more dynamic than symmetric balanced combinations. The size, shape, weight and direction of the scene, as well as the M8 color, have an important influence on the visual balance.

(3) Virtual and real set each other off into interest. Virtual reality refers to the clarity and ambiguity between the subject WX 1 and the foreground and background of space. The technique used is nothing more than hiding the virtual and showing the real, alternating the virtual and the real, and supporting the real with the virtual. Its purpose is to highlight the main body, render the atmosphere and enhance the sense of space depth. Reality mainly represents the subject of the subject; Imagination is mainly to show the subject's companions to set off the subject, which is an important link in the artistic conception of the picture.

Pay attention to the composition of rhythm and melody photography, and the subjects appear alternately in the same or similar form and repeat in order, thus forming rhythm; If the rhythm shows dynamic changes such as lines, comfort, harmony and ups and downs, it becomes a melody, thus making the picture beautiful, lyrical and smooth. Rhythm and melody are important links to deepen the theme, which are included in the contrast and tone of lines, colors and light.

④ Line application

Lines are the skeleton of composition. Any visual work is inseparable from lines. There are usually trees, grass, telephone poles, rivers, waves and so on. Different lines can give people different visual images, for example, horizontal lines can express stability and tranquility, vertical lines can express solemnity and strength, diagonal lines have vitality, vitality and movement, and curves and wavy lines appear weak, leisurely and attractive; Thick line is heavy, thin line is light, thick line is strong, thin line is weak, solid line is static and dotted line is moving, which can be used flexibly in composition.

Six, before sunset or cloudy shooting.

No matter day or night, we can get the desired effect, and the automatic white balance is very accurate. But only during the time around sunset, or in cloudy weather, the film is foggy, which is not ideal. In this case, the white balance needs to be adjusted. First switch to the manual gear at the beginning of P gear, press the function key, select cloudy day, and press the function key to confirm. If you are still not satisfied, please set manual white balance.

Seven, several on-site shooting skills

1, How to shoot children indoors

First, give priority to the aperture, and adjust the aperture to the maximum; Second, arrange the lights. Although we can't use the flash, we can take the children to a brighter place near the window. If we can use the desk lamp at night, we can wait for the light. Children often move around, so you can consider manual focusing. First lock the spotlight, adjust the focal length, then press the shutter halfway, and then press the shutter quickly when the child has an interesting and lovely expression.

2. What can I do to blur the background?

First of all, the aperture is given priority, and the aperture is adjusted to the maximum (that is, the value after F is the smallest, such as F2.8); The greater the focal length, the greater the blur, the better; The person or thing that arranges the foreground is as far away from the background as possible; If the above is still unsatisfactory, we can achieve satisfaction through post-processing.

3. How to shoot a baby?

When taking pictures of your baby, remember to attract him with something he is interested in, so that you can take a more natural expression.

In order to protect the baby's eyes, it is best not to use flash. You can adjust the sensitivity to 200 and shoot in the light. It is best to hold the child in a well-lit place. If the weather is bad, you can light it with a desk lamp. If you must use a flash, you'd better cover it with a piece of tissue paper or gauze.

Baby's clothes are mostly white and light-colored, so if spot metering or average metering is used when shooting, exposure correction (+1) is needed, and the focus of shooting should be on the child's eyes.

The shooting distance is 50 cm to 150 cm, and telephoto is the best. You can observe the child's face from different angles and try to find a better angle.

Step 4 shoot from the tour bus

When we travel, the time in the car is also an important part of the trip, so it can also be a good shooting time. The same scenery, taken from a moving car and taken outside the car, often gives people different feelings. When shooting from the inside out in a moving car, pay attention to the following points:

(1) When shooting, don't put your wrist on the window frame or seat back, because there will always be some tremor when the vehicle is driving, which is easy to cause virtual images such as hand tremor.

(2) Don't shoot at the window where the sun shines, because there are white clothes and other reflections on the window glass. You can ask for a temporary change of seat and come back after the filming.

③ For sightseeing buses, the most suitable seat for shooting is the front seat. First, because the vision is wide, and second, because the front glass is often cleaned, it is the cleanest. And the vibration of the front seat is relatively slight than that of the back seat.

5. What should I pay attention to when taking a pet?

When shooting small animals, the focus must be on the eyes. This must be noted.

The height of the camera should be similar to the line of sight of animals, which is the basic posture for shooting the world of small animals. If you shoot from a relatively high height, there will be a sense of oppression, and the cuteness of small animals will be greatly reduced.

In order to express the texture of wool, it is best to use natural light. Direct light and smooth light are not easy to express texture, so it is best to shoot against the light for the strongest texture. When the shadow is too strong, you may need to fill the light. Pay attention to the red-eye elimination function when filling the light at night.

Animals are too alert to chase and pat. When shooting, the action should be slow, soft and not too hasty. If you have time, try to gain the trust of animals so that you can shoot as close as possible.

6. How to shoot waterfalls?

The shutter speed of (1) generally requires a relatively slow speed, which is between1/60-110 second. Specifically, according to the amount of water, the large amount of water can be faster and the small amount can be slower.

② Try to shoot with a wide angle. Wide angle will shoot momentum.

③ Generally shoot from bottom to top, and shoot at a low angle as far as possible.

4 correct exposure. Use spot metering to test the darkest part of the shooting scene and the details I can clearly distinguish, and then adjust the two-level light value by increasing the shutter speed. For example, photometry shows that the exposure combination of stone is 1/60s, and the aperture is f/5.6, which can be adjusted to115s and f/5.6. Then re-shoot, the photo will be darker, but the details are still very clear.

7. Flower shooting

You should pay attention to some skills when shooting flowers well. As we said before, spraying some water before shooting can increase the layering and fragrance of flowers. In addition, the following points should be noted:

Spot metering is the best metering method, measuring the brightest part of the flower, so that the overall details of the flower can be clearly displayed.

② The best shooting mode is aperture priority, which can appropriately control the background blur or depth of field.

(3) shooting angle, don't just shoot the front, you can shoot 7 or 8 shots from different angles at the same time. So you can choose the most beautiful angle.

4 background. Choose flowers with dark background (such as thick leaves, dark walls, etc.). ) as a subject.

Put a big piece of black cloth behind the flower, stay away from the flower and look at the pattern closer. The method of placing black cloth can be directly laid flat on the ground and hung behind the flowers, or it can be placed on a board and stood behind the flowers.

If we want the subject to be very clear from front to back, that is to say, the depth of field is relatively large, for example, when taking a landscape or a commemorative photo, the person is in front and the scenery is behind, and the focus on the person needs to be relatively large, then we should try to use a relatively small aperture, such as 1 1, 16 or even 22. At the same time, because of the large depth of field, you can try to keep the characters clear and the scenery clear.

If we only want the subject to be clear, everything is blurred before and after, so as to highlight the subject, such as taking portraits, especially large ones, it is best to have a clear head and a blurred background. At this time, if you need a small depth of field, try to choose a large aperture, such as 5.6 and 4.