About Zhuge Liang

In the spring of 227 A.D. (the fifth year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty), Zhuge Liang led troops to the northern expedition to Cao Wei, and wrote a chapter-"A Model" to Liu Chan, the late ruler, analyzing the situation at that time, stating the reasons for the northern expedition and showing his ambition to unify the Central Plains. At the same time, he sincerely expressed his loyalty to the regimes of Liu Bei, Liu Chan and Shu Han. There is a saying in the "Teacher's Watch", "So I crossed the river in May."

When writing the model, Zhuge Liang returned to Chengdu for less than three years. As a party, it seems that he should describe and render the situation of the southern expedition, such as the marching route, the combat area, the strategy and tactics, and the results. Zhuge Liang, who loves ink like gold, only left the words "crossing Luzhou in May and going deep into poverty", leaving a riddle that is difficult to solve for future generations: "crossing Luzhou in May". Where is this "Luzhou"? "Deep poverty", where does this "poverty" mean?

During the Shu and Han dynasties, Yunnan, Guizhou and southwest Sichuan were collectively called "South China", and the indigenous peoples living in this area were collectively called "Southwest Yi".

In 223 AD (the first year of Jianxing), Liu Bei died of illness, and some local surnames, such as Yong Kai, Meng Huo, Gao Dingyuan, were bought by Wu, who took the opportunity to launch a rebellion in an attempt to stand on his own feet. Nanzhong is the rear area of Shu-Han regime, and it is an unshakable strategic support point for consolidating its rule, further exploring Cao Wei in the north and conquering Jiangling in the east, and completing the great cause of reunification. This is a matter of life and death. Zhuge Liang, according to Liu Bei's wishes, supported Liu Chan's succession, concentrated on developing production and stabilizing people's hearts, and sent Deng Zhi to Wu to make peace with Sun Quan. On the basis of adjusting domestic and foreign policies, he led troops to "crossing Lu in May" and "four counties" in March 225, and returned to Chengdu in September of that year.

About Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south and the route and process of "crossing Lushui in May", there are probably three views in the history circle.

The first statement, out of Chengdu, went southwest, crossed the Dadu River, crossed the South Road, crossed the Jinsha River in Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province, and marched from Yuanmou and Wudong to Dianchi Lake (now Jinning). There are two problems that can't be explained by those who hold this view: First, the rebel forces such as Yongkai, Meng Huo, Gao Dingyuan, etc. are mainly deployed in Yuegang (now Xichang, Sichuan), Zhang (now western Guizhou) and Jianning (now Qujing, Yunnan), rather than Yuegang South Road and Yuanmou as those who hold this view say. How did Zhuge Liang, who fought in the south and fought in the north, detour thousands of miles to a place without enemies? Secondly, since 123 (the second year of Yan Guang in the Eastern Han Dynasty), the road from Chengdu via Ruoniu (now Hanyuan) to Yuegang has been blocked for more than a hundred years because of the separatist regime of "abandoning cattle and reducing foreign countries". Zhuge Liang would never take the risk of making trouble and then take this difficult road.

In the second way, some people think that the word "land" in "Crossing the Land in May" should be a homonym of "anger", which means Nujiang; The "barren land" that "goes deep into the barren land" is "Bamo", in today's Myanmar; Therefore, Zhuge Liang's southern expedition is to go northwest of Yunnan, cross the Nujiang River and leave Ba Maw. The reason why this statement is difficult to establish is relatively clear: Lushui (Jin Lu) is today's Jinsha River, and the literature is well documented; "Bamo" is in Myanmar today. What did Zhuge Liang do by crossing Jinsha River and bypassing Ba Maw? Zhuge Liang conquered the south, but it was only half a year before and after. Even if he kept marching and fighting 24 hours a day, he could not return to Chengdu around bhamo for half a year.

The third road, Zhuge Liang's "crossing Lushui in May" is between Qiaojia in Yunnan today and Ningnan and Huidong in Sichuan. Zhuge Liang led the Southern Expedition Army to March in three ways: one led by Ma Zhong, and entered Guizhou from Doctor (now Yibin, Sichuan) through southern Sichuan to attack Zhu Bao; One route, led by Li Hui, passed Pingyi (now Bijie, Guizhou) and headed for Jianning (now Qujing, Yunnan), attacking the rear of Yongkai and Menghuo; Zhuge Liang personally led the main force, from Chengdu via southeast Sichuan to Anshang (now Pingshan, Sichuan), up the Jinsha River and into Beishui (now Zhaojue, Jinyang and Ningnan, Sichuan). At this time, the main force of the rebel army Gao Dingyuan has been deployed in Beishui and Dingze (now Yanyuan, Sichuan). The two armies confronted each other, and Yong Kai and Meng Huo crossed the river from Qiaojia to help Gao Dingyuan. At the critical moment when the two armies faced a decisive battle, the rebels clashed and Gao Dingyuan's men killed Yongkai. Zhuge Liang took advantage of the enemy's chaos and attacked on a large scale, killing Gao Dingyuan and taking Yue Gang alive. Then he crossed the Jinsha River from Huidong and Ningnan, entered the main hall, and followed Meng Huo who fled to Jianning. The war started in Qiaojia and Huize. At this time, Ma Zhong had occupied Zhang and Jianning, Zhuge Liang was in hot pursuit, and Meng Huo was forced to surrender. "Crossing Lugu River in May" and "Autumn in Four Counties", but in four or five months, Zhuge Liang's car driver has been safely marching on the road of triumphal class. From "Wuchi Road" through Jianning, Hanyang (now Weining, Guizhou), Zhuti, Shimen, preaching to Chengdu, Wuchi Road left many legends and historical sites about him, which really happened or were imagined by later generations.

Zhuge Liang's "crossing Luzhou in May" is in Qiaojia. Or more accurately, "Dulu in May" is located along the Jinsha River in Qiaojia County adjacent to Ningnan and Huidong counties in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The main battlefield to pacify South China is also in this area.