When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in World War II, what considerations did it make in terms of routes, weather and armament prevention?

Yamamoto's plan was drafted in early April of 194 1 and reported to the base camp on April 10, but it was rejected. Because the base camp thinks that the plan is too risky, if it is discovered by the US military before the attack, the consequences will be unimaginable. Moreover, using the main force of the joint fleet in the direction of Pearl Harbor will seriously affect the war against Yugoslavia. Not only in the base camp, but also in the joint fleet, there are many people who oppose it. Among them, Lieutenant General Nan Yunzhong, commander of the First Air Force, and Major General Daxi Takijiro, the planner of the plan and chief of staff of theNo.1/KLOC-0 Air Force. Among the senior generals, only Major General Yamaguchi, commander of the Second Air Fleet, agrees with this view. He believes that the US Pacific Fleet is the main naval force of the Allied Forces in the Pacific Ocean. Only by destroying the US Pacific Fleet in one fell swoop can we ensure the victory of southern operations. Otherwise, even if all the main forces of the joint fleet are used in southern operations, we cannot ensure victory. At the same time, it is suggested that two aircraft carriers "Dragonfly" and "Black Dragon" of the Second Air Fleet under his command should be added to the original plan. Fu Liufan originally considered that the endurance of these two aircraft carriers was small and it was not convenient for long-range attacks, so he was not prepared to use them. Yamaguchi believes that these two aircraft carriers * * * have 100 aircraft, and most of the pilots are well-trained veterans, and their combat effectiveness is very strong. If they do not participate in the war, it is bound to increase the combat difficulty. If the voyage is insufficient, you can take the Marshall Islands to replenish oil after the raid and then return to Japan. Yamamoto adopted this proposal at the seminar on raid planning in early 10, which increased the number of aircraft carriers participating in the war from 4 to 6.

Route selection:

There are usually three routes from Japan to Pearl Harbor: one is the northern line through the Aleutian Islands; The second is the middle route through midway; The third is the southern line through the Marshall Islands. These three routes have their own advantages and disadvantages. The northern route is far from the patrol range of American shore-based aviation aircraft, and there are generally no merchant ships sailing, which is convenient for concealment. However, due to the bad weather and rough seas, it is difficult to refuel at sea. The weather on the China-South route is suitable for navigation, but there are frequent merchant ships coming and going, and it is close to American islands, so it is easy to be discovered by the US military. After repeated comparisons, especially for the sake of confidentiality, the Japanese finally chose the northern line.

(episode: 1. During the voyage, some people suggested what to do in case of encountering an American warship. Someone joked: let off some salutes, say goodbye and turn around and go home. In fact, the mobile formation is ready to attack with all its strength, in case of encountering the US fleet exposure plan and hitting the enemy as hard as possible.

During the voyage, the fleet found a passenger ship. Just as the fire was about to start, the ship swaggered past, as if nothing was found and no signal was sent. )

The advance formation is all composed of submarines, which can go to the battlefield in secret, so there is no prescribed route, just to avoid the patrol of the US shore-based aircraft.

Result: Four of the five pocket boats ambushed were sunk. 1 stranded, 10 crew, 9 people died. Wine roll 1 person captured, becoming the first Japanese army captured by the US military in the Pacific War)

The distance between the assault fleet and the sea is also carefully considered. Too close is easy to be found, too far will make pilots tired and affect the battle. After several studies, it is finally determined that the take-off area is 200 nautical miles north of Oahu, that is, 42 north latitude and170 west longitude. According to the speed of the Japanese plane at that time, it took about two hours from take-off to flying to Pearl Harbor. Moreover, after the carrier aircraft took off, the aircraft carrier retreated a certain distance. In this way, when the Japanese plane goes, the voyage is short, and when it returns, the voyage is slightly longer. If the US military sends planes to pursue it, the number of round-trip flights will increase a lot, making it more difficult for the US military to pursue it.

Weather factors:

It takes 12 days for warships to sail from Japan to Pearl Harbor, because the northern route is chosen; Can the replenishment work on the way go smoothly? If the journey is calm, the ship will refuel smoothly; If there are strong winds and waves, it will be difficult to supply. For this reason, Japanese naval liaison officers frequently went to the forecast department of the Central Meteorological Observatory of Japan in the autumn of 194 1 to repeatedly understand the time when good weather appeared on the sea in the eastern part of the Kuril Islands. According to the analysis of the Japan Central Meteorological Observatory, it is predicted that1from late October to early February 165438+, the northern route will not be as unsettled as in previous years. Therefore, the Japanese naval assault fleet secretly assembled in the Senkaku Island-Pushing Island Mountain View Bay in the Kuril Islands on1October 22nd, 165438.

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Before the attack, the Japanese reconnaissance plane took off 30 minutes in advance, scouted the situation near Pearl Harbor in the air, and sent back information including wind direction, wind speed, clouds, visibility and other meteorological factors to the headquarters from time to time.

Later, according to American reports, the Japanese made effective use of the frontal weather when they attacked Pearl Harbor. The Japanese came in from behind the cold front and were not easily noticed. During the air raid, it was cloudy over Pearl Harbor. An American naval officer wrote in his notebook that morning: "There were just enough broken clouds overhead to protect the Japanese, which caused the chaos of our anti-aircraft guns. The Japanese have excellent meteorological bureaus and make full use of them. "

Attack scheme:

There are two attack plans in advance for the attack on Pearl Harbor, one is "surprise attack" and the other is "storm". The plan stipulates that if the fleet is discovered by the US military and cannot carry out a "complete raid", it will carry out a "storm".

These two attack schemes are different. The battle attack sequence of "complete surprise attack" was led by the torpedo fleet, which took the lead in rushing into the enemy line and fighting hand to hand. Because if the bomber takes the lead, the smoke from the explosion will cover the docked American ships, making it impossible for the torpedo machine to see the target clearly. Then there are horizontal bombers and dive bombers.

On the contrary, the battle sequence of "storm" is: first, fighters fight to seize the air superiority, clear the air raid obstacles, and then bombers rush in. When the American troops in Pearl Harbor were in chaos, the torpedo fleet used the gap to carry out torpedo attacks. Of course, there will be great differences between the two schemes in function and effect. What kind of attack method should be adopted? It will be decided when the fleet reaches the sky above Pearl Harbor, that is, 1 1,000 feet. 1 foot is equal to 0.305 meters. Every attack team will attack as soon as it receives the order.

(Episode: Pastoral finds the enemy unprepared, sends out a signal of "tiger tiger tiger tiger", and then launches a blue flare, indicating that the purpose of the surprise attack has been achieved. But the nearest fighter squadron leader didn't see it, nor did he swing the wings as agreed in advance. So Tomita fired another blue flare, misleading the captain Shiga Shuxiong and Gao Qiao He Yi Shaozuo behind. Because these two blue flares represent "the enemy is on guard and the sneak attack failed", they each led a team to attack the anti-aircraft gun position guarding Pearl Harbor. It can be seen that there is something wrong with the signal coding in Japan. At least we should use another color flare to show failure!

Fortunately, Murata is not confused. He radioed all torpedo bombers to continue to act according to the original plan, form an attack formation and attack the capital ship train.

Misguided Shiga Shuxiong led a fighter group to attack Hickam Airport, only to find that there were no enemy planes. On the way, he met a private jet, and a lawyer was teaching him 17-year-old son to fly. It's reflected in "tiger tiger gives birth to power", but it's changed to a lawyer.

The first shot of the Japanese plane was to sweep the plane over the airport, and then dive bombers attacked Ford Island. Although the torpedo bomber judged correctly, it was slow, and finally arrived and began to attack the battleship. At Pearl Harbor, the first torpedo was dropped, which is not in line with history.

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