What has gone down in history but been lost?

Eight Lost Stories in the History of China

China is a country with a long cultural history, which is not only manifested in the time span, but also in the rich connotation. We can strongly feel the shocking power of this cultural connotation from the historical relics and events handed down from ancient records that we see now. But there are still many cultural treasures in Historical Records, which we can only hear, but we can no longer feel and touch. Apart from the regrets left by these cultural injuries that have lasted for more than 1000 years, we can only recite their names over and over again and keep them firmly in mind. These regrets, which can only be remembered by us but can no longer touch us, mainly include:

One: "Lianshan"

The Book of Changes is called "the first book in the world", which shows its importance in the history of China's cultural thought. At present, the academic circles in our country generally believe that the eight diagrams in Zhouyi were handed down by Fu, and were later interpreted as eight-eight-sixty-four diagrams, and the ten wings were supplemented by Confucius, which formed what we see today. However, it is impossible for Zhou Wenwang to derive such detailed and specific hexagrams based on Fuxi's eight diagrams, and it is impossible to form six hexagrams out of nothing by superimposing three hexagrams with different yin and yang, which makes Fuxi's theory grow geometrically at once. So did he learn from the experience and tips of his predecessors?

In fact, many ancient books recorded that the Xia and Shang Dynasties had their own Book of Changes before the appearance of Zhouyi and before the appearance of characters. After the Han Dynasty, when people sorted out ancient books, they called the Book of Changes in Xia Dynasty "Lian Shan Yi" and the Book of Changes in Shang Dynasty "Gui Zang Yi". The Book of Changes, which we are familiar with, is the popular Book of Changes in the Zhou Dynasty.

Obviously different from the Book of Changes, the song "Guaxiang in the Mountain" is based on the society: "monarch, minister, people, things, yin, yang, soldiers and elephants" are composed of eight elephants, with hexagrams as the head, and clouds and qi all come from the mountains. Give priority to the mountain, worship the mountain as the monarch, float the mountain as the minister, list the mountain as the people, take the mountain as the object, bury the mountain as the shade, connect the mountain as the sun, hide the mountain as the soldier, and stack the mountain as the elephant. According to records, Lianshan Yi has 80,000 words, but many of them are lost. At present, only some hexagram names, several hexagram names, hexagram names, pictographs and 52 papers of various schools have been preserved.

The book "Returning to Tibet" takes the life process as the main line: eight images: "returning, hiding, living, moving, growing, educating, stopping and killing", with Kun hexagrams as the head and everything returning to the ground. Every image is dominated by "qi"; The return of weather, geogas reservoir, woody, big pneumatic, long internal heat, water and gas cultivation, mountain gas stopping, gold gas killing. Most of the 4300 words in "Gui Zang" have been lost, and only 64 hexagrams have been preserved.

The Zhouyi is headed by the dry sky, and heaven and earth have the meaning of "preparing for the week". Zhouyi, formerly known as Gankunyi, is based on the universe. "Heaven, Earth, Sun, Moon, Mountain, Sichuan, Cloud and Sky" consists of eight images. Mainly based on the image of "shape". The dry shape is the sky, the Kun shape is the earth, the yang shape is the sun, the yin shape is the moon, the soil shape is the mountain, the water shape is the Sichuan, the rain shape is the cloud, and the wind shape is the gas.

Some scholars believe that the name "Lianshan", like "Gui Zang", was actually forged by Liu Xin in the Han Dynasty, which is not credible. However, some people think that according to ancient records, Confucius read the book "Gui Zang". If this is the case, then Lianshan and Guizang are really ancient changes before Zhouyi.

Mr. Wei, who specializes in writing patterns of Miao people in Guizhou, said that the octagonal star pattern on Xia Caitao unearthed from Dawenkou site in Tai 'an in 1974 was exactly the same as the Taiji diagram in Shui Shu. Therefore, Shuishu, Lianshan and Guizang were created almost at the same time, all in the Xia Dynasty or earlier. In his view, these characteristics indicate that Shuishu is probably Lianshan Yi and Guizang Yi, which have been lost for more than 4,000 years.

In any case, the Book of Changes is a quite mature work up to now. It is unlikely to appear out of thin air, and it has been passed down intact to this day. What thoughts and theories did Da Zhouyi form and grow? In this sense, the significance of Lianshan's return to Tibet can only be said to be no less than Zhouyi. Their passing is really an eternal regret for the Chinese nation.

Two: Zhu Yujiu Ding's loss

Dayu was the pioneer of Xia Dynasty, the first slavery dynasty in China history. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the story of Zhu Yujiu Ding was widely circulated among the people. For example, according to the historical records, "Yu received nine herds of gold to cast Jiuding" as a sacrifice, "When he became a saint, he prospered", and the Zhou Dynasty perished, "The tripod fell without seeing it". "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" even said that "in the return to Kyushu, the world's beautiful copper was collected and cast into Jiuding to look like Kyushu". Dayu's flood control not only brought Kyushu back to life, but also strengthened the ties between different places. Jiuding was cast by Gong Jin Research Institute in Kyushu, so it can be extended as a symbol of national unity. Happiness leads to prosperity, and chaos leads to decline, so it is not only a symbol of the supreme power of unifying the country, but also a symbol of prosperity.

In the summer of death, Tang Cheng moved Jiuding to Shangyi, where he was also a soldier of Yin Town. Yin Wu, Jiuding for the week, Zhou Wuwang moved to Luoyi. Chen Haojing in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Duke Zhou saluted music and created a tripod system. The so-called emperor Jiuding, the princes seven ding, the doctor five ding is the same. Thus, Ding became a symbol of power. "Winning the championship" has become a manifestation of competing for the rights of the world. During the Spring and Autumn Period, in the third year of Lu Dynasty (606 BC), he also asked the angel of Zhou about the size of the tripod. As a result, Wang pushed it back in a word and said, "It is impossible to win the size." Chu Zhuangwang is very boring. With Chu Zhuangwang's strength, there seems to be no problem in seeking Ding. However, in the background at that time, although Zhou Tianzi was weak, no one dared to sit directly in the position of emperor.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, when Qin captured Jiuding, it was said that Jiuding was caught in a storm and sank in Surabaya. Qin Shihuang sent people to salvage it many times, but it never succeeded. Jiuding, who recorded the history of the reunification of the Chinese nation, has since disappeared.

In the Han Dynasty, in the sixteenth year of Emperor Wendi (BC 164), the alchemist Xin Yuanping said: If you die in Surabaya, the river will overflow now, and Fenyin will be full of gold and silver. It is necessary to build a temple in the south of Fenyin, facing the river to see Zhou Ding. Later, Xin Yuanping was killed for lying about "Jin Baoqi" and other events, which implicated his family and clan. However, after Emperor Wu ascended the throne, 50 years after the alchemist advocated marrying Zhou Ding in Xinyuanping, he lied that Baoding was unearthed in Fenyin, made a fake tripod for Emperor Wu, and granted amnesty to the world, so he changed his country name to "Ding Yuan" to celebrate.

Starting from the Jiuding of Xia Yuzhu, as a national treasure, this Jiuding has become the foundation and symbol of rights and the country. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Jiuding was moved to Haojing, and a grand tripod ceremony was held. Since then, "Ding Ding" has been regarded as the foundation of state power, "Moving Ding" refers to the transfer of state rights, and "seizing Ding" is an illegal act of coveting political power, from which many historical stories have been deduced.

The loss of nine national treasures can really be called the most precious treasure lost in China's thousands of years of civilization history.

Three: He Shibi and Yu Zhi's loss.

Ruby is the most legendary and precious gem in the history of China. So far, no piece of jade can be as precious as it. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, it was listed as the second treasure of China at that time together with "Pearl with Hou". The Bianhe River, where it was found, is also famous for its harmony. Bian He not only lost his feet because he was misunderstood by Li He, the king of Chu, but also because the king of Chu listened to his explanation and cut the stone open, and finally found this treasure jade, which was named after him and gained the value of life. With the spread of the story that Zhao Haoqi of the State of Qin was willing to exchange fifteen cities for this Baoyu, the value of Heshibi soared. In the end, Qin Shihuang regarded it as a national law and became the only criterion to test whether an "emperor" was orthodox.

There are various speculations about the material of Heshibi in history: some think it is Hetian sheep fat white jade, some think it is a night pearl, and some think it is lantian jade, Shaanxi. History books call it "the color of the side view is blue and the color of the right view is white." Putting it in the dark can shine, remove dust and ward off evil spirits, so it is also called "luminous wall". It can be seen that it is really rare.

1983, engineer Hao Yongwei said at the national geological history report meeting: "Heshibi is the moonstone, which is produced in the west of Nanzhang, Shennongjia, Bancangping and Yinyuhe, the birthplace of Qushui." Once again aroused the curiosity of modern people eager to know the origin, legend and texture of Heshibi.

Heshibi and its jade seal were circulated intermittently in the history of China for a long time, until the late Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. At that time, Shi Jingtang led the Qidan army to attack Luoyang. At the end of the late Tang Dynasty, Emperor Li Congke set himself on fire in Xuanwu Tower with the national seal, and the national seal disappeared from now on, never to be seen again.

Since then, each dynasty has carved its own imperial seal, and no real "imperial seal" has been recognized by successive dynasties. This loss is of great importance to the cultural history of the Chinese nation, and anyone can weigh it. I'm afraid it has really become an eternal mystery.

Fourth, burning books and burying Confucianism and the loss of pre-Qin culture.

After the reunification of China, Qin Shihuang decisively adopted a series of policies conducive to national reunification, which played a very good role in stabilizing the political power at that time. However, these policies have also produced some unpredictable and incalculable consequences, which have profoundly affected the history and culture of China and even caused irreparable losses. The well-known "burning books to bury Confucianism" is such an event.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), the first emperor bought wine and gave a banquet in Xianyang Palace. Dr. Zhou praised the first emperor to his face, calling him "wise and holy, with a needle in the sea", "taking governors as counties and counties is happy" and "not as good as your majesty since ancient times". The doctor, Qi people, said that he did not agree. He believes that in ancient times, the Yin and Zhou Dynasties made their children heroes, so they could grow up in the world. "Now your majesty has a family, and his children are ordinary people." Who will help if something goes wrong? To this end, he advocated taking the past as a teacher and thought that "those who can live for a long time without learning the past will not hear its voice."

Originally, it is normal for people to disagree on issues of state affairs, even if it is beneficial to state affairs. However, Li Si, then prime minister, advised Qin Shihuang for his own benefit that the five emperors would not reunite and the three generations would not attack each other. Different times have different measures to govern the country. "Your Majesty has made great contributions today, and it will last for generations to come." This is a matter of three generations. Therefore, Li Si suggested banning private schools, stipulating that "those who want scholars should take officials as teachers". In the world, "books are like their books and cars are like their cars", and everything is subject to Qin's standards. Except the History of Qin Dynasty, all the historical books of the six countries were burned, except the poems, books, hundreds of quotations and books on agriculture, medicine and divination kept by Qin historians, all the books collected by the people were burned. Qin Shihuang was blinded by the statement of "establishing eternal achievements", so he agreed with Reese and ordered the burning of books. After "the same book", it was written according to Li Si's seal script. All the books, manuscripts, decrees and documents recorded by the six countries in their own languages were burned. The big seal script written by the six countries before Qin Xiaozhuan was never recognized again.

Just one year after the book was burned, that is, in the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang (2 12 BC), another "pit Confucian scholars" incident occurred. Fu Su, the son, was implicated and demoted to the frontier fortress. The world gradually fell into the hands of Qin Ershi, Zhao Gao and others. Qin Shihuang's goal of "burning books to bury Confucianism" to stabilize the country was not achieved, and Reese's goal of "burning books to bury Confucianism" to make a name for himself was completely frustrated with his beheading by Zhao Gao.

After the cultural catastrophe in the history of China, no one has been able to count how many historical treasures such as historical books, cultural classics, court notes and folklore have been lost in China. If it weren't for the Book of History hidden in the screen of Confucius' home, I'm afraid all the Five Classics and Four Books would be gone. This cannot but be regarded as an eternal regret caused by a major cultural catastrophe in China's history.

Five: the destruction of Epang Palace

Epang Palace built by Qin Shihuang is the most magnificent palace building in historical records. No matter the first three generations or more than 2000 years until the end of Qing Dynasty, no ancient building can be compared with Epang Palace.

After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, his national strength became stronger and stronger. In the thirty-fifth year of the first emperor (2 12 BC), he built a palace in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River. Due to the huge project, when the first emperor was in office, only one front hall, namely Epang Palace, was built. According to "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang", "In the main hall, Afangshan is 500 paces from east to west and 50 feet from north to south, which can seat 10,000 people. A five-foot flag can be built under it, and Zhou Chi is the pavilion road. Arriving directly from your highness to Nanshan shows that the top of Nanshan is lost and belongs to Xianyang. " Its scale is huge, and it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources.

One foot in the Qin Dynasty is about 0.23 meters. Taking a step of six feet and three hundred paces as a mile, the front hall of Epang Palace is about 690 meters wide from east to west and 1 15 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of about 80,000 square meters, which is naturally more than enough to accommodate 1 10,000 people. According to legend, Epang Palace has more than 700 large and small halls. During the day, the climate in each hall is different. Today, in the south of Sanqiao Town, the western suburb of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, from Jujiazhuang in the east to Gucheng Village in the west, the site of Epang Palace with an area of about 600,000 square meters is still preserved. It can be seen that Epang Palace is an unparalleled palace building in the history of world architecture, with a large number of palaces, a wide construction area and a grand scale.

Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "A Fu": "When the six kings are finished, the four seas are one, and the Shu Mountain is right, and the Arab side is out." Here, Du Mu directly linked the birth of Epang Palace with the collapse of the six countries. It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, more than a thousand years after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the majestic image of Epang Palace still deeply influenced people at that time. It "covers more than 300 miles, separating the sun from the sky." Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. There are thousands of waves in the hive. What is a cloudless dragon lying on a long bridge? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. Singing warm, spring is harmonious; The momentum of "dancing in the cold sleeves of the temple, bitter wind and rain" has been circulated by Du Mu's "Epang Palace Fu" for thousands of years, which still makes people daydream.

But what is Epang Palace, a miracle in the history of ancient architecture in China? What is the inheritance relationship between it and the ancient buildings left over now? Are there any clever techniques that have not been handed down at that time? These seem to be eternal mysteries. The only certainty is that if Epang Palace can survive until now, it will be much more spectacular than the Taj Mahal in India and the Louvre in France! From the bronze chariots and horses unearthed in the chariot pit buried with Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, we can see that the technology at that time far exceeded our imagination! If Epang Palace can survive until now, it will be of great reference and guiding significance to China's architectural technology and craft!

Six: the burning of Hua Tuo's Qingnangshu.

Hua Tuo practiced medicine at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was the earliest doctor who could perform surgery in China. His legendary medical skills have amazed generations. The story of scraping bone and curing poison for Guan Yu was written into the official history, adapted into various dramas and widely circulated among the people.

According to historical records, the most amazing thing about Hua Tuo was his operation. This operation began in Europe after 14500 years. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo could anesthetize the patient with his invented anesthetic "Mafeisan", then cut open the patient's stomach to clean the internal organs, then cut off the necrotic part, sew it up, put it into the abdomen, and finally sew up the wound. After plastering, the patient can be cured within one month.

Not to mention that "surgery" and "hemp boiling powder" were more than 1000 years earlier than other countries in the world. It is difficult to look at the surgical procedure norms recorded in historical materials, and it is impossible for general hospitals to implement them today. Doctors with such medical skills were not called "imperial doctors" nearly two thousand years ago, and I am afraid they have to be honored as "immortals". Unfortunately, not everyone can understand and trust such a "fairy". When Hua Tuo intended to open Cao Cao's skull to induce "wind salivation" and cure his migraine, Cao Cao mistakenly thought that Hua Tuo would harm him and put him in prison.

Hua Tuo expected that he could not escape from the palm of Cao Cao's hand, so he wrote what he had learned all his life in prison as "Qingnangshu", intending to pass it on for the benefit of mankind. He handed the green book to Wu prison, which guarded him, and asked him to inherit his medical skills. There are two theories: First, Wu Prison happily collected the books and told Hua Tuo to inherit his medical skills and be a good doctor to save the people from fire and water. After taking the book home and carefully putting it away, he returned to the yamen to quit his job and prepare to go home and study medical books. However, when he got home, he found his wife burning books. He stepped forward and grabbed the remaining pages, leaving only the last few pages of the record of castration of chickens and pigs. According to legend, the method of castrating animals is still handed down from the green bag book. Wu's wife said: Even if you learn like Hua Tuo, you will inevitably die in prison like him. What's the use! Secondly, when Wu was in prison, he was afraid to pick up books. Hua tuo was disappointed and burned the green bag book himself.

Anyway, the green book disappeared. Huangdi Neijing was handed down from generation to generation, which laid the foundation for the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. The spread of Treatise on Febrile Diseases established Zhang Zhongjing's position as a "medical sage". "Compendium of Materia Medica" was handed down from generation to generation, which made Li Shizhen's title of "medicine sage" spread to the world. It's a pity that Hua Tuo's Qingnangshu has not been handed down, and TCM has been lost too much: How much does Hua Tuo know about human internal organs? What does he know about the human brain? From which part of his brain is he going to "suck the wind's saliva"? What is his formula of hemp boiling powder? How did he control the dosage of leprosy powder? How did he solve the disinfection problem? How to deal with possible infection? These problems, for us, can only be some eternal mysteries.

Seven: The disappearance of Preface to Lanting Collection

Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has never been able to shake his position in the history of calligraphy in China. The best calligraphy work he praised in the past dynasties was Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, written in 353 A.D., which was well known to anyone who had at least some knowledge of China's calligraphy. The story about Preface to Lanting Collection is also widely circulated in history. One of the most recognized sayings is that after Emperor Taizong sent Xiao Yi to the eloquent monk to defraud Wang Xizhi of the original "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion", he kept him with him and left a will that he would be buried with this peerless treasure after his death. "Biography of Yan" and "Atlas of the Orchid Pavilion" (now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan Province Province) reflect this matter in the form of painting. Therefore, later generations all think that the final destination of Preface to Lanting Collection lies in Zhaoling of Emperor Taizong.

At that time, Wang Xizhi was in high spirits and improvised on cocoon paper with a eight-character pen. He was calm and fluent, and wrote 28 lines and 324 words of Preface to Lanting Collection, which was praised as "the best running script in the world" by later generations. At that time, it was famous in the world and sought after. Emperor Taizong loved calligraphy and was an accomplished calligrapher, collector and calligraphy theorist in the Tang Dynasty. He devoted his life to collecting Wang Xizhi's original works, and it is said that he has obtained more than 2,200 pieces. "Tang Yao Hui's Calligraphy" records: "On the eighth day of the first month of the sixth year of Zhenguan, he was ordered to rectify the original works of Zhong and Wang, and got 1,510 volumes." He also said, "Try to buy Wang Xizhi's calligraphy with gold and silk. The world is vying for ancient books, and I want to give it." After enjoying Preface to Lanting Collection, he enjoyed it very much. When he wrote for the Book of Jin and the Biography of Wang Xizhi, he admitted that he was "keen on pursuing Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works". He also talked about his experience in copying Wang's books in the Theory of Pen Meaning: "Those who study books will be wonderful and proud of the prophet: the real book" On Music and Righteousness ",the running script" Lanting "and the cursive script" Seventeen Posts ",so don't have a dead point painting, and the brushwork is also good." Therefore, it is completely reasonable for Emperor Taizong to be buried with the Preface to Lanting Collection after his death.

Zhaoling was once stolen in history, and Wen Tao, a warlord of the Five Dynasties, recorded that "the palace system is magnificent and beautiful from the bottom of the road". As you can imagine, the inner sleeping halls of this "palace under the mountain" are layered and magnificent.

However, Zhaoling has not been officially excavated, and it is difficult to fully grasp the situation of its cemetery palace now. The historical records of Zhaoling are only the old and new histories of Tao Wen Chuan in the Five Dynasties and Yao Hui Lingyi in the Tang Dynasty. According to these historical records, Zhaoling carved a stone from the mountain into the Yuan Palace (tomb), about 75 feet from the tomb to the tomb mountain, with five stone gates in front and back. The mausoleum is magnificent, just like Chang 'an Jiugong. There are many stone seals in the east and west chambers of the tomb, which contain iron boxes and precious funerary objects. It is said that Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting Collection and many famous ancient calligraphers in Han Dynasty such as Mo Bao in Zhong You are among them. Lu You, a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem lamenting: "Cocoon paper hides Zhaoling, which will not be seen again for a thousand years", which also confirms the statement that the preface to Lanting Collection buries Zhaoling.

Recently, there was a saying that when Zhaoling was stolen, the Lanting Preface had disappeared. Therefore, The Preface to the Lanting Pavilion may not be buried in Zhaoling according to the wishes of Emperor Taizong, but was left by his son, Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi, and finally buried in Ganling where he and Wu Zetian were buried together. Because Ganling is recognized as a tomb of the Tang Emperor that has not been stolen so far, the whereabouts of Preface to Lanting Collection are even more confusing.

Li Shimin's achievements and fame are first-class among emperors. The worship and pursuit of Wang Xizhi and Preface to Lanting Collection made his calligraphy level far higher than that of other emperors. His representative works Wen Quanming and Jin Zi Ming have been handed down to this day and are recognized as excellent calligraphy art treasures. How much of his calligraphy skill was influenced by Wang Xizhi? How much is the difference between the original preface to Lanting Collection and the handed down Dragon Book, Dingwu Book and Chu Suiliang Copy? With the firmness and profundity of Zhaoling, can grave robbers take the Preface to Lanting Collection away? Why has the original preface to Lanting Collection never appeared in front of the world? Today, among Wang Xizhi's numerous copying works, can we finally see this supreme original calligraphy that has been pursued by people for more than 1,600 years? The world is still waiting to see.

Eight: The Shame of Jingkang Lost Cultural Treasures

It is a historical conclusion that most of the rivers and mountains in the Song Dynasty were destroyed by Song Huizong. Song Huizong is brilliant, he can write and draw, and he also created a calligraphy style called Shoujinti, which is thin, hard and free and easy to write. He is one of the rare talented emperors. However, Song Huizong is a fatuous politician, who likes to listen to flattery, lives in luxury, has no loyal subjects around him, and the affairs of state are in a mess. Later generations said that Song Huizong "created a style of writing and lost a country". This is really the most expensive irony in China's history. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Jin Bing captured Bianjing (Kaifeng), and from Hui Di and Qin Emperor to more than 3,000 queens, princes, princesses and royalty, they were all taken to the north by Jin Bing, and the Northern Song Dynasty ended. All the ritual vessels, palace supplies, books, printing plates, armymen, bronze statues, engraved leaks, ancient artifacts, maps of state capitals in the Song Palace, together with imperial envoys, eunuchs, geisha craftsmen, advocating Excellence and treasures, were swept away by the Jin people.

In addition to asking for gold, silver, silks and silks, Jin Jun also took away the jade seal, ceremonial ceremonies, maps of state capitals, musical instruments, ritual vessels and various treasures, and took away hundreds of workers, skills, maids, monks, doctors, prostitutes, princes, grandchildren, queens, emperors (princesses), princes and other nobles, and escorted the gold with the Emperor's Father. It is said that Song Huizong didn't care when he heard that the treasure was looted. He sighed when he heard that his carefully collected royal books and paintings were also robbed. At that time, perhaps only he really knew the value of these things.

In the second year of Song Xuanhe (1 120), Song Huizong compiled the Catalogue of Royal Tibetan Paintings Xuanhe Paintings, which recorded the collection of "23 1 person, 6396 axes of famous paintings since Wei and Jin Dynasties." What is this concept? Wu Daozi, a great painter in the Tang Dynasty, was handed down from generation to generation. Only a copy of Eighty-one Immortals collected by Mr. Xu Beihong in the Republic of China is considered as the original work of Wu Daozi, but there is no conclusion at present. Mr. Xu Beihong inscribed the word "sad life" on this painting, which shows the supreme position of this painting in Xu Beihong's heart. Moreover, there are as many as 93 paintings of Wu Daozi collected by the court in the Northern Song Dynasty recorded in Xuanhe Painting Spectrum!

Gu Kaizhi, a famous painting handed down from ancient times, painted A History of Women (copied from Tang Dynasty), which is now in the British Museum, but there is no painting by Gu Kaizhi in China. However, in the Northern Song Dynasty, nine paintings of Gu Kaizhi were in the imperial court, including the water control map of Yu Xia, the ancient sacred map and the net-named layman map, which was admirable.

You Chuntu by Zhan Ziqian in Sui Dynasty is the most precious painting in the Forbidden City now, and it is also the treasure of the town hall of the Forbidden City. About its life, the story that Zhang Boju, a famous collector, traded a palace for this painting is well known. Besides, there is no second painting of the Sui Dynasty in the world. However, Xuan He Hua Pu records as many as 20 paintings by Zhan Ziqian, such as Wei Mo Statue, Heavenly King Tatu and Fahua in disguise!

These are too numerous to mention, and no collection can make the world dumbfounded! Unfortunately, these priceless treasures were plundered to the north by Jingkang Jinbing and never came back. In this way, Chinese civilization has lost a lot of incomparable precious wealth. Comparing the cultural relics lost when the British and French allied forces burned Yuanmingyuan and Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, we can only say that quite a few of those things still remain in museums of various countries, and cultural relics kept in private hands sometimes flow to the auction market. We can still see these lost cultural relics or hope to welcome them back to China. But these national treasures lost and destroyed thousands of years ago, we can only bid farewell to them with great regret. This is a wound that can never be healed in the history of our national development!

Knowing the above historical facts, we will feel that the ancient treasures and classics preserved by the Palace Museum and the National Library are only dwarfed by those that have been destroyed in history. The disappearance of every national treasure will add new scars to the hearts of Chinese people who truly understand its value. How many wounds have our bodies and minds suffered in the past five thousand years! Only by understanding these treasures left by our ancestors, protecting them as thoughtfully as possible, and nourishing our hearts with their profound cultural connotations can we heal the wounds caused by our ignorance and mistakes in history and continue to pass on the preserved national soul to contemporary people intact.