Excerpts from scientific and technological knowledge about rockets

1. Children's understanding of rockets

Children's knowledge about rockets 1. Knowledge about rockets

Rocket is a jet propulsion device, which uses hot air to jet backward at high speed and uses the generated reaction force to move forward. It has its own combustion agent and oxidant, and does not rely on oxygen in the air for combustion. It can fly in the atmosphere and outer space. Modern rockets can be used as fast and long-distance transportation tools, such as sounding, launching satellites, manned spacecraft, space stations, boosters of other aircraft and so on. If it is used to drop combat warheads (warheads), it constitutes a rocket weapon. Among them, guided missiles and unguided rockets are called. There is a basketball team with the same name, named after its city Houston, which is the center of American space science and technology. Directory [Hidden] The historical origin basically introduces the hometown of rockets in China, the classification and composition of laws and regulations, the present situation and development of simulated rockets, the description of launch records of countries around the world, the basic introduction of launch vehicles, space rockets, meteorological rockets, modern rockets, multistage rockets and snooker players of NBA teams, the historical origin of rockets in China, the classification and composition of laws and regulations, the present situation and development of simulated rockets, and the description of launch records of countries around the world. Rocket space rocket meteorological rocket modern rocket milestone rocket multistage rocket NBA team snooker player [edit section] Basic introduction Rocket is the only vehicle that can make objects reach the speed of the universe and overcome or get rid of the gravity of the earth to enter space. The speed of the rocket is obtained by the operation of the rocket engine. As early as 1903, tsiolkovsky derived the ideal velocity formula of a single-stage rocket: V=ωLnMo/Mk, which is the so-called Tsiolkovsky formula. Ω is the injection speed of the engine, and Mo and Mk are the initial mass of the rocket and the mass when the engine is turned off (the propellant is used up) respectively. Mo/Mk is called the mass ratio of the rocket. According to this formula, the rocket speed is directly proportional to the jet speed of the engine and increases with the increase of the rocket mass ratio. Even with the best liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants, the injection speed of the engine can only reach 4.3~4.4 km/s, so it is impossible for a single-stage rocket to send an object into space orbit, and a multi-stage rocket must be used to send a spacecraft into space orbit through relay. Rockets used to carry spacecraft are called space launch vehicles, and military bombs are called rocket weapons (uncontrolled) or missiles (controlled). Space launch vehicles are generally composed of power system, control system and structural system, and some are equipped with additional systems such as telemetry and safe self-destruction. There are several connection modes between stages of multistage rockets, including series connection, parallel connection and series-parallel connection. Series connection refers to connecting several single-stage rockets in series into a straight line; Parallel connection means putting a large single-stage rocket in the middle, called the core stage, and bundling several smaller rockets around it, generally called booster rocket or booster, that is, booster stage; The core stage of series-parallel multistage rocket is also a multistage rocket. The connection and separation between stages of multi-stage rocket, between rocket and payload and fairing are realized by connecting a separation mechanism (often referred to as separation mechanism). The separation mechanism is composed of an explosive bolt (or explosive cable) and an ejection device (or small rocket). Usually connected into a whole by explosive bolts or explosive cables; When separating, the explosive bolt or explosive cable explodes to unlock the connection, and then the two parts are separated by the ejection device or small rocket, or the powerful jet after the previous rocket engine is started. Rocket technology is a very complex comprehensive technology, which mainly includes rocket propulsion technology, overall design technology, rocket structure technology, control and guidance technology, plan management technology, reliability and quality control technology, test technology and so on. On the missile side, there are warhead technologies such as warhead guidance and control, penetration, reentry heat protection, nuclear reinforcement and miniaturization.

2. Interesting knowledge about space flight

1 . nbsp； Is it difficult for astronauts to fall asleep in weightlessness? Nbsp This is a question worth discussing, because there are many reasons that affect sleep.

First of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether astronauts work in space in one shift or two shifts. On the International Space Station and most space shuttles, all astronauts sleep at the same time. They hang sleeping bags in places where they like to sleep, such as walls, corners and ceilings.

When astronauts work in shifts, like some space shuttles, including space laboratories, astronauts sleep in a small berth, which can be closed to isolate the noise from the studio. At first, the astronauts felt a little uneasy and felt that they were lying in a narrow shoe box. Most astronauts had the illusion that their backs felt comfortable 10- 15 seconds.

However, when you are ready to sleep, you need to get used to not feeling anything on your back and sides. In fact, you are floating in a sleeping bag, just hanging you upside down with a rope, so the sense of gravity that makes you sleepy does not exist, and some astronauts are not used to it. They are so sleepy that they have to take sleeping pills to fall asleep.

Other people can sleep soundly even in this special environment. Nbsp; It should be added that if you sleep in an unventilated place, the exhaled carbon dioxide will gather near your nose. When the carbon dioxide in your blood reaches a certain level, an alarm system in the back of your head will give you a warning to wake you up and make you feel short of breath.

At this time, you can take a few steps or change places, and then you can sleep again. nbsp2.nbsp。 Do astronauts have any special feelings about getting dressed in space? Nbsp astronauts' spacesuits are usually no different from those we wear on earth, except for special requirements for comfort and safety.

For example, clothes must be made of fireproof materials. When astronauts wear spacesuits in weightlessness, they are actually floating in the clothes. Only when clothes touch the skin will they feel that they are wearing clothes.

nbsp3.nbsp。 Is floating in space interesting? Nbsp Astronauts agree that floating in space is very interesting once they get used to microgravity. By the way, scientists don't like to call microgravity zero gravity, because unless you happen to be standing in the center of a spacecraft falling freely around the earth, you will inevitably be affected by tiny accelerations and tides. Even if their influence is very small, only one millionth of the earth's gravity, we can't think of it as zero gravity or zero gravity.

This is why we call it weightlessness. Nbsp Living in microgravity is interesting, and different people feel different.

About 30%-40% of astronauts who take part in space flight for the first time have "space adaptation syndrome" (a kind of motion sickness) in the first two or three days after entering space, and others will not have this symptom. Blood flows to the upper body, which makes the sinuses and tongue congested and affects people's feelings. In another week or so, astronauts will have a reaction to adapt to weightlessness.

Nbsp In the case of weightlessness, because there is no gravity, the spine becomes longer and people become taller (the length is 1-2 inches). In weightlessness, when all muscles are relaxed, the thighs will be slightly lifted, the arms will be stretched forward to the room, and the body will be slightly arched, as if in water.

Because there is no feeling of "up" or "down", we need to rely on other signs to determine "up" and "down". In the internal design of the space shuttle, we should consider using the difference between the ceiling and the floor to locate it. Nbsp In microgravity, astronauts often have illusions.

When an astronaut tells his brain which direction is "up", it will immediately think that it is an illusion. The feeling of positioning, moving or moving in space is different from that on the ground.

Walking in space is very easy. Astronauts soon get used to walking around and fix themselves on the space station with fixed feet. It is much more difficult to walk in space in a spacesuit. This is because overalls are huge, just like wearing balloons, and their vision and touch are limited.

nbsp4.nbsp。 How long can a spacesuit last? Nbsp; Generally, it can be worn for 5-7 hours. Of course, it also depends on the consumable materials in the spacesuit, such as oxygen, electricity and cooling water.

The spacesuit is simply a small spaceship, and it is very hard to work in it. The wearing time is also related to the wearer's requirements for comfort and wear resistance.

Nbsp5. what should I do if I encounter a fracture or serious illness in space? Fortunately, nbsp's 120 astronauts have never encountered such a situation. In the early days, Apollo 13 astronaut Fred had problems with urine infection and small-scale influenza.

Spaceships always carry enough medicine to deal with these emergencies. In the event of an accident during the flight around the earth, astronauts should be sent back to Earth as soon as possible, whether on the space shuttle or on the International Space Station.

NASA has also developed a large seven-seat return capsule for the International Space Station, which can be used as a "space ambulance" under special circumstances. Nbsp; In case of fracture, equipment for fixing bones is also prepared on the spacecraft.

When humans go to outer space, such as exploring Mars, the spacecraft will carry medical equipment. One or more astronauts have been trained in medical knowledge, and they can carry out rescue and treatment. Because in this case, it is impossible to return to earth in a short time.

If possible, the ship will be equipped with experienced doctors. nbsp6.nbsp。 How many people can the space station hold? Nbsp; The International Space Station can accommodate up to seven people.

Know little about space flight.

Space technology has created a series of advanced and complicated construction procedures for the smooth progress of space activities. It involves the allocation of human resources, the collocation and installation of equipment and instruments, and other difficult academic tasks. It is the lofty pursuit of the development of the country, the nation and even all mankind.

Avionics technology (aerospace electronics)

[Edit this paragraph] Overview

Electronics and electromagnetic wave theory and technology applied to aviation engineering and aerospace engineering. Electronic system is one of the important systems in modern aerospace engineering.

[Edit this paragraph] Composition

It is divided into communication, navigation, radar, target recognition, telemetry, remote control, remote sensing, fire control, guidance, electronic countermeasures and other systems. Generally, various systems include electronic systems on airplanes and corresponding ground electronic systems, which are combined into a system by transmitting signals through electromagnetic waves. Electronic theories and technologies related to these electronic systems include communication theory, electromagnetic field theory, radio wave propagation, antenna, detection theory and technology, coding theory and technology, signal processing technology and so on. Microelectronics and computer technology are the basis to improve the performance of various electronic systems. Their development has further miniaturized the electronic system on the aircraft, and has the ability to process more data in real time, thus greatly improving the performance of the aircraft (maneuverability, fire control capability, all-weather flight, automatic landing, etc.). ) and expand the functions of spacecraft (scientific exploration, resource investigation, communication and broadcasting, reconnaissance and early warning, etc. ).

[Edit this paragraph] function

First of all, the characteristics of electronic equipment on aerospace vehicles are:

① Small size, light weight and low power consumption are required; ② Able to work in harsh environmental conditions; ③ High efficiency, high reliability and long service life. These requirements are especially strict in high-performance aircraft and spacecraft. There are strict restrictions on the cabin volume, load and power supply of aircraft and spacecraft. Every time the weight of the equipment on the satellite increases by 1 kg, the launching weight of the launch vehicle will increase by several hundred kg or more. Missiles and spacecraft are subjected to severe impact overload, strong vibration and particle radiation. Some spacecraft work for a long time, such as the geostationary orbit communication satellite for 7~ 10 years, while the deep space probe works for a longer time. Therefore, electronic components used in aerospace must undergo very strict quality control and screening, and the design of electronic systems needs to make full use of reliability theory and redundancy technology.

Second, the main development direction of aerospace electronic technology is:

① Make full use of computers and large-scale integrated circuits to improve the integration, automation and intelligence of aerospace electronic systems; ② Improve the real-time signal processing and data processing capabilities and data transmission speed; (3) Developing high-speed and ultra-high-speed large-scale integrated circuits; (4) Developing electronic technology in higher frequency bands (millimeter wave, infrared ray and optical frequency); ⑤ Develop various electronic components with higher reliability and longer service life.

4. Space tips

Hehe, I will take part in this competition, too.

I found out, so ...

I won't tell you! Forget it, I'll tell you! 1. Good health. Do high-intensity physical exercise every day, run at least two miles (about 3.2 kilometers), ride a bike 15 minutes, swim in the 50-meter lane five times, and lift weights 15 minutes without interruption. 2. Teamwork and learn to get along with others.

Spacecraft is very small, so you must know how to live with other crew members. 3. Foreign language proficiency and basic Russian.

But it's not that simple. Mark Shuttleworth, a South African millionaire, once spent a lot of money on a Russian spaceship for space travel in 2002. He once said that a four-hour Russian course every day is like a brain operation.

It is necessary to have a good health check-up. Heart disease patients are definitely not allowed to go to heaven, but mild asthma will not affect them.

Psychological examination is also very important for mental health, especially to keep calm under any circumstances. An astronaut may face all kinds of dangers, but there is nowhere to escape in space.

6. Overweight endurance training Overweight endurance training requires astronauts to maintain normal breathing and thinking ability under the condition of 8 times their own weight. This kind of training is usually carried out in a high-speed rotating centrifugal cabin or rotating seat. The biggest pressure in training is to bear acceleration, and the training of astronauts requires overload to reach 8 times of human gravity for 40 to 50 seconds.

In manned space training, overweight endurance training is the biggest challenge to astronauts' self-limit, and it is a famous devil training, which many people discourage. 7. First-aid training The basic first-aid knowledge is the common sense of astronauts, such as fixing the leg with a splint after a fracture and giving medicine to the wound.

8. Land survival training simulates the accidental crash of the space shuttle in the Russian wild. Trainees must receive basic survival training, such as how to make a fire, how to build a temporary shelter and how to ask for help. 9. In the event of an accident, astronauts should also be prepared for crash landing in the Black Sea.

One of the exercises is that astronauts wear spacesuits and jump into the water. In water, they should learn to inflate their lifeboats. 10. weightlessness training in weightlessness, all daily tasks such as eating, drinking, going to the toilet and vomiting need to be relearned, otherwise it may bring you and others a lot of trouble.

Medical experts from NASA have specially developed a large instrument called "Vomiting Comet Machine". As long as astronauts stay in this instrument for 100 hours before entering space, they will not vomit again after entering space. In this rotating machine, astronauts have to learn to wear spacesuits in 30 seconds.

1 1. Learn to fly the space shuttle. Any accident can happen. Therefore, if the automatic control system breaks down and causes an accident, or all other crew members are killed, someone must be able to fly the space shuttle back to Earth. 12. Money may be the last and most crucial point. You should have at least 20 million dollars.

1.2007165438+1On October 24th, China's first lunar exploration satellite was successfully launched. The name of this satellite is Chang 'e-1. 2.20071October 24th, 165438+ The launch vehicle carrying China's first lunar exploration satellite was ignited and launched at Xichang Launch Center.

At present, there are three satellite launch bases in China, and the fourth launch base is about to be built in Wenchang, which is expected to be put into use at 20 10. On April 14, 2007, China successfully sent a Beidou satellite into space by the Changsanjia carrier rocket. This satellite is a satellite in China's "Beidou Plan". Excuse me, is the main purpose of "Beidou Plan" positioning and navigation?

To commemorate Galileo's feat of observing the starry sky with a telescope for the first time 400 years ago, in March 2007, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) designated 2009 as the international year of astronomy with the theme of "Universe-Your Discovery". 6. The following statement about planets is wrong. Jupiter, known as Chang Geng in ancient China, has the largest mass of all the planets in the solar system.

7. So far, humans have launched a large number of probes to investigate other planets in the solar system. The following detectors correctly correspond to the detected planet: Galileo Jupiter 8. The five most massive planets in the solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and Earth. The messier number of Orion Nebula is M42 10. The following description of the meaning of each solar term is winter. 1 1. Humans have named many places on the moon. The following name does not belong to the moon: Mount Olympus 12. Most craters on the moon are named after astronomers, including astronomers in ancient China. The name of the person below is Song 13. The right thing about telescopes is the horizon telescope. The advantage of equatorial telescope is that it is easy to track the diurnal apparent motion of celestial bodies 14. The angle between the orbit plane of the moon around the earth and the equator of the moon is 6 degrees 4 1 min, which enables us to see some back faces of the moon at the north and south poles of the earth.

15. the following statement about comets is incorrect: comets are heated when they are close to the sun, and the light of comets is mainly emitted by hot gases. 16. The discovery of asteroids is closely related to Titius-Bode law. According to this rule, there should be a planet 2.8 astronomical units away from the sun, and then Piacci really discovered the first asteroid ceres 17. Some planets in the solar system radiate more energy than they receive from the sun. At present, the known planets are Jupiter and Saturn 18. There is a dark gap in the middle of Saturn's outer ring, which divides the ring into two parts, named after its discoverer, and called Cassini ring gap 19. By observing the phase of the moon, we can roughly know the date of a day in a month. For example, when the phase of the moon is the first quarter, it is probably the eighth day of the eighth lunar month. There is a planet that rotates in a very unique way. The angle between its equatorial plane and its orbital plane is 97 degrees and 55 minutes. Which planet is almost lying on the orbital plane? Uranus 2 1. Which of the following celestial bodies?

5. Space tips

Hehe, I will take part in this competition, too.

I found out, so ...

I won't tell you! Forget it, I'll tell you! 1. Good health. Do high-intensity physical exercise every day, run at least two miles (about 3.2 kilometers), ride a bike 15 minutes, swim in the 50-meter lane five times, and lift weights 15 minutes without interruption. 2. Teamwork and learn to get along with others.

Spacecraft is very small, so you must know how to live with other crew members. 3. Foreign language proficiency and basic Russian.

But it's not that simple. Mark Shuttleworth, a South African millionaire, once spent a lot of money on a Russian spaceship for space travel in 2002. He once said that a four-hour Russian course every day is like a brain operation.

It is necessary to have a good health check-up. Heart disease patients are definitely not allowed to go to heaven, but mild asthma will not affect them.

Psychological examination is also very important for mental health, especially to keep calm under any circumstances. An astronaut may face all kinds of dangers, but there is nowhere to escape in space.

6. Overweight endurance training Overweight endurance training requires astronauts to maintain normal breathing and thinking ability under the condition of 8 times their own weight. This kind of training is usually carried out in a high-speed rotating centrifugal cabin or rotating seat. The biggest pressure in training is to bear acceleration, and the training of astronauts requires overload to reach 8 times of human gravity for 40 to 50 seconds.

In manned space training, overweight endurance training is the biggest challenge to astronauts' self-limit, and it is a famous devil training, which many people discourage. 7. First-aid training The basic first-aid knowledge is the common sense of astronauts, such as fixing the leg with a splint after a fracture and giving medicine to the wound.

8. Land survival training simulates the accidental crash of the space shuttle in the Russian wild. Trainees must receive basic survival training, such as how to make a fire, how to build a temporary shelter and how to ask for help. 9. In the event of an accident, astronauts should also be prepared for crash landing in the Black Sea.

One of the exercises is that astronauts wear spacesuits and jump into the water. In water, they should learn to inflate their lifeboats. 10. weightlessness training in weightlessness, all daily tasks such as eating, drinking, going to the toilet and vomiting need to be relearned, otherwise it may bring you and others a lot of trouble.

Medical experts from NASA have specially developed a large instrument called "Vomiting Comet Machine". As long as astronauts stay in this instrument for 100 hours before entering space, they will not vomit again after entering space. In this rotating machine, astronauts have to learn to wear spacesuits in 30 seconds.

1 1. Learn to fly the space shuttle. Any accident can happen. Therefore, if the automatic control system breaks down and causes an accident, or all other crew members are killed, someone must be able to fly the space shuttle back to Earth. 12. Money may be the last and most crucial point. You should have at least 20 million dollars.

1.2007165438+1On October 24th, China's first lunar exploration satellite was successfully launched. The name of this satellite is Chang 'e-1. 2.20071October 24th, 165438+ The launch vehicle carrying China's first lunar exploration satellite was ignited and launched at Xichang Launch Center.

At present, there are three satellite launch bases in China, and the fourth launch base is about to be built in Wenchang, which is expected to be put into use at 20 10. On April 14, 2007, China successfully sent a Beidou satellite into space by the Changsanjia carrier rocket. This satellite is a satellite in China's "Beidou Plan". Excuse me, is the main purpose of "Beidou Plan" positioning and navigation?

To commemorate Galileo's feat of observing the starry sky with a telescope for the first time 400 years ago, in March 2007, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) designated 2009 as the international year of astronomy with the theme of "Universe-Your Discovery". 6. The following statement about planets is wrong. Jupiter, known as Chang Geng in ancient China, has the largest mass of all the planets in the solar system.

7. So far, humans have launched a large number of probes to investigate other planets in the solar system. The following detectors correctly correspond to the detected planet: Galileo Jupiter 8. The five most massive planets in the solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and Earth. The messier number of Orion Nebula is M42 10. The following description of the meaning of each solar term is winter. 1 1. Humans have named many places on the moon. The following name does not belong to the moon: Mount Olympus 12. Most craters on the moon are named after astronomers, including astronomers in ancient China. The name of the person below is Song 13. The right thing about telescopes is the horizon telescope. The advantage of equatorial telescope is that it is easy to track the diurnal apparent motion of celestial bodies 14. The angle between the orbit plane of the moon around the earth and the equator of the moon is 6 degrees 4 1 min, which enables us to see some back faces of the moon at the north and south poles of the earth.

15. the following statement about comets is incorrect: comets are heated when they are close to the sun, and the light of comets is mainly emitted by hot gases. 16. The discovery of asteroids is closely related to Titius-Bode law. According to this rule, there should be a planet 2.8 astronomical units away from the sun, and then Piacci really discovered the first asteroid ceres 17. Some planets in the solar system radiate more energy than they receive from the sun. At present, the known planets are Jupiter and Saturn 18. There is a dark gap in the middle of Saturn's outer ring, which divides the ring into two parts, named after its discoverer, and called Cassini ring gap 19. By observing the phase of the moon, we can roughly know the date of a day in a month. For example, when the phase of the moon is the first quarter, it is probably the eighth day of the eighth lunar month. There is a planet that rotates in a very unique way. The angle between its equatorial plane and its orbital plane is 97 degrees and 55 minutes. Which planet is almost lying on the orbital plane? Uranus 2 1. Which of the following celestial bodies?

6. Small knowledge of space science and technology

First of all, the characteristics of electronic equipment on aerospace vehicles are:

① Small size, light weight and low power consumption are required; ② Able to work in harsh environmental conditions; ③ High efficiency, high reliability and long service life. These requirements are especially strict in high-performance aircraft and spacecraft. There are strict restrictions on the cabin volume, load and power supply of aircraft and spacecraft. Every time the weight of the equipment on the satellite increases by 1 kg, the launching weight of the launch vehicle will increase by several hundred kg or more. Missiles and spacecraft are subjected to severe impact overload, strong vibration and particle radiation. Some spacecraft work for a long time, such as the geostationary orbit communication satellite for 7~ 10 years, while the deep space probe works for a longer time. Therefore, electronic components used in aerospace must undergo very strict quality control and screening, and the design of electronic systems needs to make full use of reliability theory and redundancy technology.

Second, the main development direction of aerospace electronic technology is:

① Make full use of computers and large-scale integrated circuits to improve the integration, automation and intelligence of aerospace electronic systems; ② Improve the real-time signal processing and data processing capabilities and data transmission speed; (3) Developing high-speed and ultra-high-speed large-scale integrated circuits; (4) Developing electronic technology in higher frequency bands (millimeter wave, infrared ray and optical frequency); ⑤ Develop various electronic components with higher reliability and longer service life.

7. Little knowledge about Shenzhou VII

Shenzhou vii

Shenzhou VII is an important stage of China's space flight. Now the Shenzhou VII carrier rocket has been successfully developed and is scheduled to be launched in 2008. By then, Shenzhou VII will focus on breaking through the technology of astronauts' extravehicular activities (spacewalk).

It was originally scheduled to be launched in 2007, but it was delayed for half a year due to technical problems of components, and it is planned to be launched in 2008.

Shenzhou VII spacecraft is still launched by Long March II F carrier rocket, which has successfully sent six shenzhou spaceship into space and has a mature technical foundation. At present, the procurement and production of parts for new launch vehicles have begun. Jing Muchun, chief designer of the launch vehicle system for manned spaceflight project, said that this time they will use higher quality components. In view of the previous flight situation of the rocket, researchers will also make partial improvements to this rocket to further improve its reliability. In addition, they also consider adding some cameras to the rocket to make the working state of the rocket more intuitive.

Starting from Shenzhou VII, China entered the second stage of manned space flight. At this stage, the scientific goals of astronauts' extravehicular walking and space rendezvous and docking will be realized one after another. All the launching tasks of the second phase of the project were undertaken by the Long March II F rocket. Jing Muchun said that during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, they will basically complete the second phase of manned space flight and finally complete the rendezvous and docking of people. It is estimated that there will be five or six rocket launch missions.

Different from Shenzhou V and Shenzhou VI, Shenzhou VII rocket focuses on spacesuit and valve braking. Because "Shenzhou VII" will realize spacewalk, whether astronauts can adapt to the sudden vacuum environment from cabin pressure, valve braking and spacesuit plays an important role.

"At present, other parts of Shenzhou VII are similar, only the spacesuit has to tackle key problems, and the research progress of the spacesuit determines the progress of Shenzhou VII." Huang Chunping added, "However, China is fully capable of solving it."

In order to adapt to the vacuum environment, the "Shenzhou VII" spacesuit is much better than Shenzhou VI in terms of air tightness, communication, excretion, communication, power supply and movable joints.

"Shenzhou VII" will have three astronauts, one will walk out of the cabin, one will meet in the orbital module, and some people will stay in the return module. Extravehicular activities will include walking, operating, screwing and other installation equipment to prepare for the establishment of a space station in the future.

According to the four scientific objectives of China's lunar exploration satellite project, Chang 'e 1 selected six sets of 24 payloads, including CCD stereo camera, laser altimeter, imaging spectrometer, gamma /X-ray spectrometer, microwave detector and solar wind particle detector. Among them, CCD stereo camera is a special camera for shooting three-dimensional images of the full moon, which is the first time in China. The imaging spectrometer is used to obtain the light wave spectrum of the moon surface; Gamma /X-ray spectrometer is used to detect elements on the surface of the moon; Microwave detectors can not only obtain the information of the lunar soil thickness, but also give the brightness temperature map on the back of the moon and the information of the lunar poles.

China will carry out the Shenzhou VII manned space mission in the second half of this year. At present, all preparations are proceeding as planned. It is reported that the "Shenzhou VII" flight will achieve a number of major technological breakthroughs. First of all, the number of astronauts will increase to three; Second, it will realize the first spacewalk of Chinese astronauts; Third, after the spacecraft enters the predetermined orbit, it releases a small satellite (referred to as "companion satellite" in this paper) at the right time, and so on.