Characteristics and distribution of ten climate types in Asia

1. The tropical rain forest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, such as Malay Archipelago, Amazon Plain, Congo Basin and Gulf of Guinea. It is characterized by high temperature and rain all year round, low temperature in annual range, average monthly temperature of 25-28℃, annual precipitation of over 2000 mm, and even distribution throughout the year.

2. The tropical grassland climate is mainly distributed in the north and south sides of the tropical rain forest climate zone, with a high annual average temperature, but the annual fluctuation temperature is slightly higher than that of the tropical rain forest climate, and the annual precipitation is mostly between 400- 1500mm, which is obvious in dry and wet seasons. The farther away from the equator, the longer the dry season, so the less precipitation.

3. The tropical monsoon climate is distributed in South Asia and Indochina Peninsula, characterized by high temperature all the year round, and the average temperature in Leng Yue is above 18℃. Precipitation is closely related to wind direction. The northeast wind from the mainland prevails in winter with little precipitation, and the southwest wind from the Indian Ocean prevails in summer with abundant precipitation. The annual precipitation in most areas is 1500-2000 mm, but some areas are far more than that.

4. Tropical desert climate is distributed in the mainland or the west coast of the mainland near the Tropic of Cancer, characterized by high annual average temperature, large annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference and scarce precipitation. The annual precipitation is generally below 250 mm, and in many areas it is only tens or even several millimeters. Precipitation has great variability, and it often doesn't rain for several years.

5. The subtropical monsoon climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the east coast of the mainland, where it is not cold in winter, and the average temperature in 65438+ 10 is generally above 0℃, and it is hot in summer, and the average temperature in July is generally around 25℃. In winter, the direction of Xia Feng changes obviously, and the annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, mainly concentrated in summer and less in winter. This climate is most typical in the southeast of China. In other areas, because there is a considerable amount of precipitation in winter, there is little difference between winter and summer, so it is called subtropical monsoon humid climate.

6. The Mediterranean climate is distributed in the subtropical area on the west coast of the mainland, and the Mediterranean coastal area is the most typical, hence the name. This climate is characterized by mild winter and hot or warm summer, and precipitation is mainly concentrated in winter and dry summer, so it is also called subtropical dry summer climate.

7. The temperate maritime climate is distributed in the temperate zone on the west coast of the mainland, which is characterized by being neither cold in winter (the average temperature in 5438+ 10 is above 0℃) nor hot in summer (the average temperature in July is below 22℃). There is precipitation all year round, the annual precipitation is generally around 1000 mm, and the favorable terrain can reach more than 2000 mm.

8. The temperate monsoon climate is distributed in the eastern Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, North Korea and Japan, and the eastern coastal areas of Siberia. It is characterized by hot summer and cold winter, and the annual precipitation is 500- 1000 mm, mainly in summer. The temperature difference between winter and summer increases from south to north, and the precipitation decreases from south to north.

9. The temperate continental climate is distributed in Eurasia and North America. Controlled by the continental air mass all the year round, Leng Xia is hot in winter, with high annual temperature and little precipitation, with annual precipitation below 500 mm, forming a dry or semi-arid climate in the central part of the mainland. On the other hand, the northern part of the mainland is characterized by high latitude, long cold winters, short cool summers and small evaporation. Although there is little precipitation, it is not dry, forming a special sub-frigid coniferous forest climate.

10. The polar climate is distributed in Eurasia and the northern edge of North America, Greenland, Arctic Islands and Antarctica. On the continental margin, winter is long and cold, but the average temperature in the hottest month in summer can reach 10℃. Moss and lichen are typical plants here, so they are also called tundra climate. Greenland, the Arctic Islands and most parts of Antarctica are covered with ice and snow all year round, and the average temperature in the hottest month does not exceed 0℃, so it is called ice field climate.

1 1. Alpine climate may appear at any latitude, which is characterized by vertical changes in temperature and precipitation. The temperature decreases with the increase of height, and the precipitation increases with the increase of height within a certain height range, and decreases with the increase of height beyond this height.

Where 10. Polar climate includes tundra and ice sheet climate. (1) polar long cold climate (tundra climate). It is distributed in the northern margin of North America and Eurasia (the south is connected with the continental climate of the sub-cold zone by the hottest month 10℃ isotherm), part of the coast of Greenland and several islands in the Arctic Ocean. In the southern hemisphere, it is distributed in Malvinas Islands, south shetland islands and South Orkney Islands. Its characteristics are: it is winter all year round, the average monthly temperature in a year is between 0 ~1~ April, and the winter is cold and long; The annual precipitation is about 200 ~ 300 mm, mainly snowfall; There is a layer of permafrost on the ground, only lichens, mosses and other low-level plants. ?

(2) The climate of polar ice sheet. It is distributed in and around the polar regions, including Greenland, several islands in the Arctic Ocean and the ice sheet plateau of the Antarctic continent. This is the birthplace of the ice ocean air mass and the Antarctic air mass. It stays in a state of long night all winter. Although summer is like spring all the year round, the sunshine is oblique and the heat gained is weak, so the climate is cold all the year round, and the temperature in each month is below 0℃. The Antarctic continent has an average annual temperature of -25℃, which is the coldest continent in the world. 1967, the absolute minimum temperature measured by Norwegians was -94.5℃, which was called the "cold pole" in the world. Most of the ground is covered with thick ice and snow, and there are many cold storms, which make it difficult for plants to grow.

13. Coniferous forest climate in sub-cold zone). This kind of climate appears between 50 and 65 north latitude, which is distributed in a strip shape and crosses North America and Eurasia. Specifically, in North America, from Alaska to most parts of Labrador and Newfoundland via Canada; In Eurasia, it starts from Scandinavia in the west (except the south), passes through Finland and the west of the Soviet Union (the south boundary is on the line of Leningrad-Gorky-Sverdlovsk), and reaches the east of the Soviet Union (except the south). The northern part is bounded by the hottest month 10℃ isotherm. The climate in this area is mainly influenced by the polar ocean air mass and the polar continental air mass, which is the source of the polar continental air mass. In winter, there are many opportunities for the Arctic air mass to invade. In warm seasons, tropical continental air masses can sometimes penetrate. The main features of this climate are: the winter is long and cold, the average temperature is below 0℃ for 5 ~ 7 months every year, and the cold weather of -50℃ often occurs; Summer is short and warm. The monthly average temperature is above 10℃, and the highest temperature can reach 18 ~ 20℃.