The composition for visiting Jimsar Geopark is 30o.

Ningde Geopark is located in Ningde City, northeast of Fujian Province, China, between Taimu Mountain and Jiufeng Mountain Range. It consists of Baishuiyang in pingnan county, Baiyun Mountain in Fu 'an and Taimu Mountain in fuding city, with a total area of 2,639.443 square kilometers.

The park is mainly characterized by magnificent cave granite mountain landforms, colorful volcanic mountain landforms and changeable riverbed erosion landforms, as well as waterfalls, deep pools and other water landscapes, coastal island landforms and marine erosion landforms. Various landforms complement each other, forming a colorful and unique landscape combination of the park. The park integrates scientific research, science and education, sightseeing and leisure, with rich scientific connotation, strong local characteristics and high level.

201010 On March 3, 2008, at the World Geopark Evaluation Conference held by UNESCO in Lesvos Island, Greece, Ningde Geopark was officially listed in the UNESCO World Geopark Network List and won the title of "Ningde World Geopark".

Baishuiyang zone

Taking Pingnan Chengguan as the center, it is away from Fuzhou 170km, Ningde 100km, Saiqi Port 135km and Gutian Railway Station 95km. The second-class highway from Ningde to Pingnan, which was completed in 2005, will be directly connected with Tongsan Expressway, greatly shortening the time and distance from other surrounding areas to Pingnan. In addition, it has been approved by the state and is about to start construction.

Baiyun Mountain park

The national highway 104, which is 202km from downtown Fu 'an to 37km from Ningde, runs through the territory of Fu 'an, and the two main roads directly reach Pucheng and Xiapu counties in northern Fujian. Wenfu Expressway and Wenfu Expressway pass through the territory. Saiqi Port in eastern Fujian is known as the "golden waterway", and domestic shipping has connected Fuzhou, Xiamen, Shanghai, Nantong, Wenzhou, Ningbo and Qingdao.

Taimushan park

It has jurisdiction over fuding city Berlin, Panxi, Qinyu, Xiamen and Yacheng Town of Xiapu County. It is 300 kilometers away from Fuzhou in the south, 0/60 kilometers away from Wenzhou/KLOC in the north and 45 kilometers away from Fuding city. There are airports in Fuzhou and Wenzhou. Wenfu Expressway and Wenfu Railway under construction pass through the entrance of the park and are located at the foot of Taimu Mountain.

topography

The park is located in the active area on the continental margin of the western Pacific Ocean. The granite landforms of Baiyun Mountain Park and Taimushan Park in the park are well developed and are typical granite landforms. It has special scientific significance and protection value. It is the best place to carry out scientific investigation and research on granite landforms. In addition, Baiyun Mountain Park and Baishuiyang Park in the park also develop volcanic landforms, and positive landform, which is formed by volcanic weathering, also develops negative landforms such as deep canyon meanders, canyons and caves, forming various peculiar volcanic landforms. In the center of the park, there are a series of volcanic structures and other geological features, which are quite spectacular.

climate

Located in the southeast coast of China, the park has a subtropical maritime monsoon climate. It has many climatic characteristics, such as mountain climate, basin and valley climate. Rain and heat are the same in spring and summer, light and temperature are mutually beneficial in autumn and winter, with abundant light energy, sufficient heat, abundant rain, distinct four seasons, obvious maritime monsoon climate, large temperature difference between coastal and inland areas, diverse climate types and frequent disastrous weather.

The annual average temperature is 18.8℃ in coastal counties (cities) (28.6℃ in July, and 65438+1 8.9℃ in Leng Yue) and 15℃ in inland mountainous counties (24.4℃ in July, and Leng Yue10). The lowest temperature is -9.8℃. The average frost-free period is 290 ~ 365 days, 438+00 days in coastal areas and 230 ~ 240 days in mountainous areas. The annual average sunshine hours are between 1.700 ~ 1.900 hours. The average annual rainfall in this area is gradually increasing from coastal areas to mountainous areas, with the average annual rainfall exceeding 65,438+0,600 mm. The annual average is relative.

Hydrology and water resources

Baishuiyang Park has many streams, criss-crossing gullies and even distribution. There is a stream in Xiacun, Tantou, Yanhou, Houqiao, Yiyang, Zhengshan, Xiyan, Kaoxi and Qianyang, which flows into Yuanyang River. Yuanyang River has a total length of 18km, long flow and a drop of more than 300m.

Baiyun Mountain Park has a well-developed water system, with a small stream flowing into Muyangxi in Chanxi, Zhuzhou and Qiangping. The total length of Muyangxi River is 1 16km, and the drainage area is 1389 km2. Shepherd Creek originated in front of Zhenghe Town and flows through Shekou, Shepherd, Kangcuo and Xitan in Zhouning and Fu 'an. After confluence, it is called Saijiang Jiaoxi (Fuchunxi, Fu 'an City), which originates from Jiufeng Mountain Range, Donggong Mountain Range and Taimushan Mountain Range, with a total drainage area of 5,638 square kilometers and a total length of 433 kilometers of main tributaries. It is the third largest river in Fujian Province. There are reservoirs such as Huanglan Lake, Jiulong Lake and Jinchan Lake in the park.

Taimushan Park has a short water system and flows directly into the sea. The larger water system is Yangjiaxi (also known as Jiulixi and Chixi), which flows through the southwest of the park. Originated in the neighboring county (Zherong County), it flows into this area from west to east, then turns south and enters the sea through Xiapu Yacheng. The drainage area in fuding city is 250 square kilometers, and the main stream is 23.3 kilometers long.

plant resources

The park has superior natural conditions and excellent ecological environment. The forest coverage rate of Baiyun Mountain, Baishuiyang Mountain and Taimu Mountain is 72% ~ 90%. The original forest vegetation in the whole area is evergreen broad-leaved forest, which belongs to the humid forest area in eastern China among the three major vegetation areas in China. The main vegetation types in the park are evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, evergreen shrub, bamboo forest and grassy slope. It includes most vegetation types in the subtropical region of China.

The main vegetation types of Baishuiyang Park can be divided into warm coniferous forest, warm coniferous forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest, deciduous broad-leaved shrub, typical evergreen broad-leaved shrub grass and other 10 vegetation subtypes, including 43 formations and 2 12 associations. There are vascular plants 162 families in the park. Rare and endangered plants are 1 1 family, 18 genus, with 26 species. Among them, there are 18 species of national first-class and second-class protected plants, 13 species of provincial key protected plants, and a precious plant left over from the ice age called "living fossil plants"-Pinus tabulaeformis. This park is an important protected area of tertiary and quaternary residual plants in southern China.

Baiyun Mountain Park can be divided into six typical vegetation types: evergreen coniferous forest, shrub forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, bamboo forest and grassy slope. There are five species of vascular plants 10 15 in the park, including 65 species of ferns belonging to 28 families and 4 1 genus, and 23 species of gymnosperms belonging to 9 families 1 genus. National second-class protected plants 15 species; 24 species of rare and endangered 12 family 2 1 genus. Shouyang, Mayang, Xia Ling and other villages are surrounded by Taxus mairei, Cryptomeria fortunei and other national protected plants. There are rare plants such as "Wulian" in Tianchi in front of Lianfeng Temple in Baiyun Mountain.

Taimushan Park can be divided into four vegetation types: broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, bamboo forest and shrub. There are 49 vascular plants1species in the park, including 9 families, 65 families, 65 genera 194 genera, 29 gymnosperms and 462 angiosperms. There are five rare tree species under state protection: water cypress, ginkgo biloba and Fujian. Mainly Dendrocalamus latiflorus, as well as Bambusa angustifolia, Bambusa bambusa, Bambusa bambusa, Arundo donax and rare Bambusa bambusa, Bambusa nigra and upside-down bamboo in Taimushan area. Rhododendron in the park is widely distributed, with a wide variety and different colors, which has become a major feature. There is a Liquidambar formosana forest in the lower reaches of Yangjiaxi in the west of the park, with a total area of more than 250 mu (1. 1 10,000).

Animal resources

According to the zoogeographical flora of the world and China, most of the animals in this area belong to the Oriental Central China, a few belong to South China, and some belong to Palaearctic realm. Rich plant species and diverse ecological environment provide abundant food and ideal habitat for various wild animals. There are more than 2,000 species of wild animals and 700 species of vertebrates in this area, including more than 70 species of mammals and 324 species of birds.

There are many rare and endangered protected animals in the park, which reflects the rarity of the ecosystem. There are clouded leopards, pythons and Chinese sturgeons, which are listed as national first-class protected animals. Sumen antelope, an international second-class endangered animal; Macaque, civet (Kyubi no Youko raccoon), goat, pangolin, mandarin duck, kestrel, kite, giant salamander, tiger frog, rock swallow deer, silver pheasant, kingfisher, love birds, long-tailed pheasant, hairy crested deer, etc. , is listed as a second-class protected animal. In addition, there are the following animal resources in the park:

Birds: tree finch, white-necked crow, magpie, ring-necked pheasant, bamboo chicken, mountain spotted chicken, Jay, red-headed crow, red-headed long tail, red-billed lanjuan, thrush, sparrow, clown duck, mallard duck, crested-tailed dog, black-backed swallowtail, seagull, etc.

Mammals: porcupine, wild boar, wild monkey, South China rabbit, dog irrigation, etc.

Fish: yellow croaker, hairtail, grouper, perch, prawn, swimming crab, blue crab, squid, etc.

Natural landscape resources

River erosion landform and granite peak cluster landform are the most important natural resources in the park and have become the basic carriers of tourism development in this area. Other natural resources also have charming charm, such as Dayushan Island, which was rated as one of the top ten most beautiful islands in China by chinese national geography. The sunrise, sea of clouds and Buddha's light on Baiyun Mountain are also unforgettable.

Geoparks have well-preserved natural resources and superior ecological environment quality.