What are the main military manifestations of modern high technology?

Military microelectronics technology is called the "heart" of weapons and equipment, and is the core and foundation of modern military technology. Widely used in radar, computer, communication equipment, navigation equipment, fire control system, guidance equipment and electronic countermeasures equipment. In modern high-tech weapons and equipment, the cost of microelectronic equipment has accounted for more than half of the weapon cost.

Judging from the recent local wars, military electronic technology has jumped from combat support to combat means, becoming the forerunner of modern combat operations and running through the whole process of war. Some foreign military experts regard electronic technology as the "patron saint" of high-tech weapons, and rank it as one of the three pillars of high-tech war with precision guidance technology and automation technology system.

Military photoelectric technology

Photoelectric technology is an electronic technology in optical band. Military photoelectric technology is the development and supplement of electronic technology, which greatly expands the function and application scope of military electronic equipment. In 1950s, lead sulfide detectors were used in rattlesnake missiles, which initiated military photoelectric technology. Since the birth of the first ruby laser in the world in 1960, photoelectric technology has made new breakthroughs almost every year. A series of military photoelectric technologies, such as laser ranging, photoelectric fire control, photoelectric guidance, photoelectric monitoring, early warning, reconnaissance and optical fiber communication, have emerged and been widely used, becoming an indispensable part of high-tech weapons and equipment.

At present, the field of optoelectronic technology mainly involves optoelectronic components and materials and optoelectronic application technology. Fundamentally speaking, the development and progress of photoelectric technology depends on the technical breakthrough and improvement of photoelectric components and materials, and also depends on the cooperation of some supporting technologies, such as refrigeration, optical films, precision optical components and packaging.

Military computer technology

During the Second World War, due to military needs, electronic computers came into being. The electronic computer has only been born for more than 50 years, and it has undergone four major updates from the use of electronic tubes to large-scale integrated circuits. The future computer is essentially a high-speed automatic information processing system, which can process all kinds of information and simulate the function of the human brain more perfectly. The development and application of military computer and its technology has not only become an important material foundation and technical pillar for the research and development of modern military science and technology, various military systems and weapon systems, but also become the dependence and guarantee of many key factors that determine the victory or defeat of modern wars, such as operational command, communication and logistics support, which has had or is having a great and far-reaching impact on traditional military theories and concepts.

Reconnaissance and surveillance technology

1905 in may, the practical application of radio reconnaissance in the first war between Japan and Russia opened the prelude of electronic warfare, and also made reconnaissance and surveillance means enter the electronic information era. 191110 in June, this aircraft was first used for aerial reconnaissance. 19 12 February, the camera was first used for aerial reconnaissance. 1926, Austria's Laurie invented the usable radar, which was widely used in World War II. By 196 1 year 1 month, the United States launched the world's first reconnaissance satellite. Early warning aircraft appeared in the 1960s. From 65438 to 0978, the US Air Force successfully developed an electronic solid-state wide-angle camera system, and a solid-state camera appeared.

At present, the application scope of reconnaissance and surveillance technology mainly includes early warning and surveillance, battlefield intelligence reconnaissance and other technologies. The reconnaissance equipment or systems used mainly include radar, electronic detector, infrared detector, laser detector, visible light detector and underwater acoustic detector.

Military communication network technology

After 1930s of 19, wired electricity and radio communication came out one after another, and great changes have taken place in military communication. At the beginning of the 20th century, the army was equipped with field radio communication, while the navy had ship-to-ship and shore-to-ship radio communication. The air force realized air-to-ground communication at 19 12. During World War I, the participating countries used buried cables and covered wires to transmit telegraph and telephone signals; Some participating countries are equipped with battalion command post radios. During World War II, field telephones, switches, teletypewriters, fax machines and AM and FM radio stations appeared.

After World War II, military communication technology has developed greatly, and decentralized communication, microwave relay communication, satellite communication and optical fiber communication have appeared one after another. After 1960s, data network and computer network were used in military communication, which improved the automation level and quick response ability of communication support. The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), which began to be studied in the 1980s, pays attention to the overall guarantee of communication in communication organization, and forms a multi-means and multi-directional circuitous communication.

Military new material technology

Materials are an epoch-making milestone in human society. From the end of 19 to the first half of the 20th century, the synthetic chemical industry developed rapidly, and polymer materials such as plastics, rubber and fibers were all artificially synthesized, which changed the situation of relying solely on natural gifts. Since the middle of the 20th century, on the basis of traditional silicate materials such as ceramics, glass, cement and traditional steel materials, a new generation of inorganic nonmetallic materials and special functional materials have emerged, such as fine ceramic materials, optical fiber materials, carbon-boron fiber materials, gold crystal metal materials and memory alloy materials. The appearance of these new materials has greatly promoted the development of integrated circuits, computers, aerospace industry and atomic energy industry, and made mankind enter the information age centered on microelectronics technology.

Military new material technology is the material basis of a new generation of weapons and equipment, and it is also the key technology in the military field in the world today. Structural materials such as metal structural materials, ceramic structural materials, polymer structural materials and composite materials have become bottlenecks restricting the development of weapons and equipment; Functional materials such as stealth materials, protective materials, compact energy materials and information intelligent materials have become research hotspots. In recent years, there has been a trend of functionalization of structural materials and structurization of functional materials, forming multifunctional materials with multiple functions.

Military manufacturing technology

During the two world wars, the large-scale manufacturing of weapons and equipment depended on the huge machinery manufacturing industry. After the 1950s, the new technological revolution brought the era of automation. Due to the adoption of electronic computers and various electronic devices, the machinery manufacturing industry has entered a new stage of automatic control development. Since the 1960s, mechanical manufacturing has been increasingly integrated with microelectronics and computer technology, and electromechanical integration technology has developed rapidly. With the extensive use of CNC machine tools and the application of new technologies such as computers, the military manufacturing technology is constantly developing in the direction of high and new technology.

Military power technology

The turbojet engine has been used in military aircraft engines since 1937 when it was successfully developed in Britain. After the successful development of turbofan engine in 1960s, turbojet engine gradually withdrew from the historical stage. At present, the engines of active military aircraft in the world are mainly afterburner turbofan engines, and turbojet engines are only used in a limited range.

The advanced integrated tank armored vehicle propulsion system is mainly based on the existing power devices (diesel engine, gas turbine, etc.). ), integrated hydraulic transmission device and passive integrated suspension device technology. By improving the compactness of components and the comprehensiveness and compactness of the system, an integrated power transmission device with high power density (volume power density) and a passive integrated action device or semi-active action device with light weight and high reliability are obtained, and the application of electric propulsion system in vehicles is realized.

In the past, surface ships used nuclear power, steam power plant, gas turbine and diesel engine respectively, and various combined power plants of gas turbine and diesel engine. The power plants of nuclear submarines are mostly pressurized water reactors, and a small amount of liquid metal reactors are used. At present, the power plant of conventional submarines basically adopts diesel engine electric propulsion device.

Military space technology

The development of military space technology has extended the battlefield from land, sea and air to space. Space has become the fiercest place for military competition, and military space system has been gradually applied in local wars, showing great potential. Known as the first "space war" in the Gulf War, the multinational forces led by the United States widely used all kinds of equipped military space systems, which played a decisive role in reconnaissance, surveillance, communication command, navigation and positioning. Today, all kinds of military activities rely more and more on the space system, and outer space is about to become the fourth battlefield after land, sea and air.

Military marine technology

1942, the United States successfully developed a thermometer for measuring water temperature and thermocline, and invented a method for forecasting sea waves by using weather maps, which was actually applied in landing operations in North Africa and Normandy. 1960, the United States developed the "Diriyast" deep-sea submersible, which successfully dived to the deepest sea on Challenger, creating a new era of deep-sea exploration. Since 1970s, space remote sensing observation technology has been applied to the ocean, which has revolutionized the means and methods of ocean investigation and observation and improved the investigation efficiency by a hundredfold. 1993, Japan built an unmanned cableless automatic diving boat, which can dive to a depth of 10000 meters.