To put it more popularly, what is El Nino? What are the climatic characteristics?

Excessive discharge of industrial development leads to temperature rise and glacier melting too fast, which leads to uneven local ocean temperature.

El Nino is a unique climate feature in the equatorial Pacific. Generally speaking, when El Nino occurs, the sea water temperature in the eastern Pacific increases and the sea water temperature in the western Pacific decreases. In China, the climate is characterized by waterlogging in the south and drought in the north.

Under normal circumstances, due to the direction of the earth's rotation, the southeast wind prevails in the Pacific Ocean. Every summer, the warm current from the eastern Pacific will follow the southeast trade wind to the western Pacific. After gathering in the western Pacific, a subtropical high will be formed in the western Pacific, which will have a strong pressure difference with the land and push the warm current to move further to China. When it meets cold air from the west, it will turn into rain and land.

When the El Nino phenomenon occurs, the southeast trade winds that originally blew from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific will weaken, or even be replaced by the northwest trade winds. At this time, the warm current in the western Pacific cannot flow eastward, but gathers on the spot, causing a lot of rainfall on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, when the western Pacific warm current weakens, the subtropical high will also weaken accordingly. In the process of further operation to China, the energy is not enough to cross the Jianghuai area, so there will be climate phenomena in China.

According to years of meteorological research, the internationally recognized cause of El Ni? o is the change of the earth's rotation speed. Under normal circumstances, the direction of the earth's rotation is from west to east. When the change of the earth's rotation speed weakens, the seawater in the western Pacific will continue to move eastward due to inertia, which will offset the energy with the warm current flowing from east to west, and even prevent the warm current from returning to its original place, thus forming the El Ni? o phenomenon.

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El Nino is an abnormal natural phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean. On the west coast and east of South America, there is a famous water flow from south to north. June165438+1October is the summer in the southern hemisphere. The water temperature in the southern hemisphere generally rises, and the equatorial warm current flowing westward strengthens. At this time, the global pressure belt and wind belt move south, cross the equator and deflect left into the northwest monsoon under the action of the southern hemisphere self-deflection force (also known as geostrophic deflection force). The northwest monsoon not only weakens the southeast trade wind, which is near the west coast of Peru, but also weakens or even disappears the cold water flooding of Peru's cold current. It also blows the equatorial warm current with higher water temperature to the south, which makes the water temperature of Peru's cold current abnormally rise. This creeping and unstable ocean current is called "El Nino Warm Current". El Nino is divided into El Nino phenomenon and El Nino event. El Nino is a climatic phenomenon, which occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean, where the sea surface temperature is unusually warm. Large-scale warming in the tropical Pacific will cause global climate change, but it will take more than three months for this state to be considered as an El Ni? o event. When the southeast wind blowing near the equator in the southern hemisphere weakens, the cold water flooding in the Pacific will be reduced or stopped, resulting in an abnormal warming of sea surface temperature in a large range. The traditional equatorial ocean current and atmospheric circulation are abnormal, resulting in abnormal precipitation in some areas along the Pacific coast and severe drought in others. In normal years, this area is prevalent in the southeast. The easterly stress on the equatorial surface transports surface warm water to the western Pacific Ocean and accumulates there, which leads to the rise of sea level and seawater temperature there. However, under the action of sea breeze, the sea surface of the East Pacific drifted offshore, which led to the continuous divergence of seawater quality, the decline of sea level and the upwelling of cold water in the lower layer, which led to the decrease of sea surface temperature here. The upwelling cold seawater is rich in nutrients, which makes plankton multiply and provides enough food for fish. The prosperity of fish provides abundant food for fish-eating birds, so there are many birds here. Because the seawater temperature is lower than the air temperature, the air stratification is stable and convection is not suitable for development. The equatorial eastern Pacific has little rainfall and a dry climate. However, due to the high seawater temperature, unstable air stratification, strong convection, more precipitation and humid climate in the equatorial western Pacific Ocean. During the abnormal strengthening, the upwelling of seawater in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean is extremely strong, and the precipitation is extremely low. In the equatorial western Pacific, however, the seawater temperature is unusually high and the precipitation is unusually high. This is a big deal. La Nina phenomenon, contrary to El Ni? o, refers to the abnormal decrease of seawater temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Both of these phenomena are closely related to the global climate, which may lead to an increase in the probability of extreme weather. However, every few years, the southeast trade winds weaken, the cold water upwelling in the eastern Pacific disappears, and the surface warm water moves eastward, which leads to the rise of the equatorial eastern Pacific and the rise of the sea surface water temperature, and the coastal waters of Ecuador change from cold ocean currents to warm ocean currents. Inorganic salts in the lower seawater no longer washed up on the water surface, resulting in a large number of local plankton and fish deaths, and a large number of birds also died of hunger. Form a serious disaster. At the same time, the original dry climate has turned into a rainy climate, and even caused floods. This is El Nino. El Nino's impact on climate is most significant in the equatorial Pacific. The South Asian subcontinent and northeastern Brazil are dry, and the equatorial central Pacific Ocean to the west coast of South America is rainy. El Nino will have a devastating impact, which may cause floods in Latin America and lead to drought and crop failure in Australia. Many observation facts also show that El Nino events have a certain influence on the circulation changes in quite far areas and even in the middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere through the teleconnection of air-sea interaction. It is found that when El Nino appears, it will cause continuous low temperature in summer in Japanese archipelago and northeast China, and precipitation tends to be less in most parts of China in some years. This shows the integrity of the earth's surface environment from one side: the change of one sphere will lead to the change of other spheres, the change of one region will lead to the change of other regions, and the local change will also lead to the change of the hemisphere and even the global environment. Simply put, climate anomalies are called El Nino phenomena, such as not cold in winter and not hot in summer. Whether it should rain or not, it is raining more than it should.

Accordingly, climate intensification is called La Nina phenomenon. It's colder in winter and hotter in summer, where there is more precipitation, there are more Dayu, and dry places are drier.

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El Nino (Spanish: El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, is called ENSO together with another phenomenon, Southern Oscillation. This is a term used by fishermen in Peru and Ecuador to refer to abnormal climate phenomena. It mainly refers to the abnormal continuous warming of seawater temperature in the tropical ocean in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, which changes the global climate pattern, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas.

When El Nino occurs, the tropical ocean temperature in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean is unusually warm, which leads to extreme weather. El Nino will warm China in winter, and the scarcity of snow in winter is the best proof.

Once the "El Nino" happens, it usually lasts for a long time, even more than a year. It not only makes Peru's coastal climate unusually warm and rainy, but also makes Australia's jungle catch fire because of drought and heat. Heat waves and snowstorms compete in the North American continent; Hawaii was hit by a tropical storm; California suffered a flood; Severe drought occurred in Oceania and West Asia; There will be large-scale soil cracking in Africa; There will be floods in Europe; There will also be drought in southern China, and coastal fisheries will reduce production; The national temperature is low, and grain production will be reduced in a large area.

El Nino (Spanish: El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, is called ENSO together with another phenomenon, Southern Oscillation. This is a term used by fishermen in Peru and Ecuador to refer to abnormal climate phenomena. It mainly refers to the abnormal continuous warming of seawater temperature in the tropical ocean in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, which changes the global climate pattern, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas.

The word "El Nino" comes from Spanish, which means "El Nino".

/kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, in Spanish-speaking countries such as Ecuador and Peru in South America, fishermen found that every few years, that is, from June of 10 to March of the following year, a warm current would move southward along the coast, which significantly increased the surface water temperature.

Stand up. The Peruvian cold current originally prevailed on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean in South America. Fish that move with the cold current make Peru's fishing ground one of the four largest fishing grounds in the world. But when this warm current appears, a large number of fish who like cold water will die, leading to the extinction of fishermen. Because this phenomenon is often the most serious around Christmas, fishermen who suffer from natural disasters and are helpless are called the son of God-El Nino.

Its frequency is irregular, but it happens once every four years on average. Basically, if this phenomenon lasts less than five months, it will be called El Nino? O condition); If it lasts for five months or more, it will be called El Nino? O set).

Under normal circumstances, the monsoon air flow in the tropical Pacific moves from America to Asia, keeping the surface of the Pacific Ocean warm and bringing tropical rainfall around Indonesia. However, this pattern is disrupted every two to seven years, and the wind direction and ocean currents are reversed. The heat flow in the surface layer of the Pacific Ocean turns eastward to America, and then takes away tropical rainfall, resulting in a large area of drought on the earth. This is the "El Nino phenomenon". [ 1]

Later, in science, the term was used to indicate the abnormal warming of sea surface temperature in the eastern Pacific Ocean thousands of kilometers near Peru and Ecuador. When this happens, the sea water temperature in a wide range can be 3 ~ 6 degrees Celsius higher than normal. The rising water temperature in the vast waters of the Pacific Ocean has changed the traditional equatorial currents and southeast trade winds, resulting in global climate anomalies.

El Nino event refers to the unusually warm sea surface in the equatorial Middle East and Pacific Ocean.

There are still some differences in the evaluation criteria for the distribution map of the SST monitoring area in the equatorial Pacific. Generally, it is defined as an El Nino event when the SST anomaly index in Nino Area 3 reaches above 0.5℃ for six consecutive months, while in the United States it is defined as an El Nino event when the moving average of SST anomaly in Nino Area 3.4 reaches above 0.5℃. ..

El Nino (Spanish: El Nino? O), also known as El Nino phenomenon, is called ENSO together with another phenomenon, Southern Oscillation. This is a term used by fishermen in Peru and Ecuador to refer to abnormal climate phenomena. It mainly refers to the abnormal continuous warming of seawater temperature in the tropical ocean in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean, which changes the global climate pattern, causing drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in some areas.