What is temperament?

Temperament, referring to people's physical and psychological qualities, is a fairly stable personality characteristic. Also refers to people's demeanor; Appearance. From Song Zhangzai's quotation "Banknotes": "In order to benefit from learning, we are seeking to change our temperament." Jin Yuanhao asked the poem "Send Liu Zidong to Travel": "Liu was born in the old days and grew up quietly, full of temperament." "Surprise at the First Moment" Volume 4: "When Cheng looked up, he was in his thirties and had a handsome face. He is just dressed and temperament, but he is a hero. " ? The basic explanation of temperament is a kind of psychological feeling given to others according to people's posture, appearance, clothing, personality and behavior, which is called temperament. Temperament is used to describe people. Relatively speaking, it is used to describe the feeling of the place. Explain in detail that 1 refers to people's physical and psychological qualities. Notes on Song Zhangzai's Quotations: Seeking a change of temperament for the sake of the university. Jin Yuanhao asked the poem "Send Liu Zidong to Tour"; Born in the old days, Liu Lang grew up quietly and was full of temperament. The first chapter of Kang Youwei's Book of Great Harmony: "Be a man, be smart and wise, and have the same temperament. Introduction to Luxun's Three Leisure Collections and Rou Shi's Works: Although I still can't understand its antecedents, is it due to natural temperament or temporary fatigue after the war? 2. demeanor; Appearance "Surprise at the First Moment" Volume 4: "When Cheng looked up, he was in his thirties and had a handsome face. He is only dressed and temperamental, but he is a hero. Back to Chapter 25 of The Scholars: "I said to the magistrate,' What a temperament, like a decent child. 3. Song Xie Shu Lingyun Biography: From Han to Wei, after more than 400 years, I resigned as a talent and my style changed three times. Similar to a clever woman, Ban Gu is good at reason, Zi Jian and Zhong Xuan are congenial in temperament, good in beauty and unique in the times. Song Sima Guang's Three Mourning Poems with Wu and Chongqing: "There are 7,000 poems by Yu Sheng, which are vivid and exquisite. At first, they were not diligent and clean. 4, refers to Qi Qing Tan Stone's "Benevolence" I: "If the candle lasts for a long time, it will be destroyed, and if it is not extinguished, it will become a temperament, a liquid, and a quality. "5. Temperament): (1+0) refers to an individual's temperament or temper. (2) refers to the tendency of individual emotions to change with the situation, that is, the individual's reaction tendency. (3) style; Tolerance. The temperament of speaking and explaining words is the quality of people's physical quality and psychological quality. Outside people, he is a god, proud of his face and skin color, strong eyes and nose, handsome eyes and black hair. Your eyes are shining, your eyes are dancing, and your spirit is flying. This is the image of temperament. ? The basic meaning of the interpretation of editing psychology Galen first put forward the concept of temperament, which replaced the personality in Hippocrates' body fluid theory and formed four temperament theories, which have been used ever since. Temperament is a stable psychological feature, which is manifested in the intensity, speed, flexibility and direction of psychological activities. People's temperament differences are congenital and restricted by the characteristics of nervous system activity process. When a child is born, the first difference is temperament. Some children are crying and moving, while others are quiet. It only paints a certain color on people's words and deeds, but it does not determine people's social value, nor does it directly have the significance of social moral evaluation. Temperament can't determine a person's achievement. People of any temperament can make achievements in different practical fields through their own efforts, or they may become mediocre people. Temperament is one of the psychological characteristics of human personality, which refers to the stable dynamic characteristics such as strength, speed of change and balance when psychological activities such as cognition, emotion, speech and action occur. It is mainly manifested in the speed and intensity of emotional experience, the implication of performance and the sensitivity or dullness of action, so it has a strong color for all psychological activities of people. The popular interpretation temperament in society shows a person's inner personality charm from the inside out, and then the quality sublimation of a person's inner charm. There are many kinds of personality charm, such as self-cultivation, morality, manners, treating people with things, feeling of speaking and so on. They are elegant, noble, quiet, gentle, unrestrained, informal and direct. Therefore, temperament is not what you say. Moreover, my long-term balanced internal cultivation and a set of combined cultural accomplishment are the results of perseverance. There is another explanation for temperament in physiological explanation, that is, the chemical reaction between physiology and emotion in people ~ ~ Temperament is the personality characteristic reflected by people's physiological quality or physical characteristics, and it is one of the original materials for personality formation. Performance in the neonatal period: If the baby is quiet and crying, it will inevitably affect the interaction between parents or caregivers and the baby, thus affecting the formation of personality. It is manifested in the dynamic characteristics of psychological activities, such as the speed, intensity, stability, directivity and flexibility of psychological processes. It is embodied in the strength of emotional experience, the size of willpower, the length of concentration time, the speed of perception or thinking, etc. Make all individual psychological activities present unique colors. The difference between temperament and personality is that the formation of personality is based on innate endowments such as temperament and physique, and the influence of social environment plays a decisive role; Temperament is an innate tendency in personality. Allport defined allport's temperament, intelligence and physique as the raw materials for personality formation. These three components are determined by heredity. Temperament is the emotional component of personality. Allport believes that temperament is a unique phenomenon in the nature of individual emotions, including the susceptibility to emotional stimuli, the intensity and speed of consistent response, the nature of dominant emotions, and the special performance and intensity of emotional fluctuations. These phenomena are considered to depend on the essential structure, so they are mainly the genetic characteristics of organs. The ancients explained that temperament is formed on the basis of people's physiological quality, through life practice and under the influence of acquired conditions, and is dominated by people's world outlook and personality. Its characteristics are generally manifested through people's handling of problems and interpersonal communication, showing typical and stable individual psychological characteristics. Temperament is an ancient psychological problem. As early as the 5th century BC, Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek doctor, put forward the temperament theory of four kinds of body fluids. He believes that there are four kinds of body fluids in the human body: blood (from Latin -—Sanguis), mucus (from Greek -—Phlegma), yellow bile (from Greek -—Chole) and black bile (from Greek -—Melanoschole). If the four kinds of body fluids are harmonious, people will be healthy; If the four body fluids are not harmonious, people will get sick. Hippocrates once divided temperament into four basic types according to the dominant position of body fluids in the human body: sanguine, choleric, mucinous and depressive. In the mixing ratio of sanguine human body fluids, blood is dominant, yellow bile is dominant in people with bile, mucus is dominant in people with mucus, and black bile is dominant in people with depression. Centuries later, Roman doctor Galen expressed this concept in Latin "Emperametnum". This is the origin of the concept of "temperament". Confucius, an ancient thinker in China, divided people into three categories from the perspective of similar temperament: "BOC", "crazy" and "stubborn". He believes that "crazy people make progress, and stubborn people make a difference." This means that people like "lunatics" have a positive attitude towards objective things. They are "ambitious and boastful", and their words and deeds are strongly expressed; People who belong to the category of "stubborn people" are cautious, so they "dare not do something"; People like "Bank of China" are in between, so-called "people who follow the golden mean". According to the theory of yin-yang and five elements, some individual psychological differences are related to physiological and anatomical characteristics in ancient medicine during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China. According to the strength of yin and yang, it can be divided into five types: Taiyin, Shaoyin, Sun, Shaoyang and Yin and Yang, and each type has different physical form and temperament. According to the law of five elements, people are divided into "golden shape", "wooden shape", "water shape", "fire shape" and "earth shape", each with different skin color, body shape and temperament characteristics. These two methods are interrelated. As the basis of classification, Yin and Yang are similar to the excitement and inhibition of modern physiological research. EAs model of psychological classification A.H. Bass and Plomin put forward EAs model of temperament, and identified three temperament tendencies: emotionality refers to the intensity of individual emotional response; Activity refers to the overall level of individual energy release; Communicative refers to the characteristics of individual interpersonal communication. A Thomas and Chase put forward nine dimensions of children's temperament, namely, activity level, rhythm, initiative or withdrawal, adaptability, reaction threshold, reaction intensity, emotional quality, distraction, attention span and persistence, and divided them into three temperament types: easy to educate, difficult to educate and slow to start. The theory of body fluids Hippocrates (460~ 377 BC), an ancient Greek doctor, observed that people have different temperaments very early. He believes that there are four kinds of body fluids in the human body: blood, mucus, yellow bile and black bile. According to the different proportions of these four kinds of body fluids in human body, Xibo Park Yung-su divides human temperament into four different types: (1) sanguine: blood is the main body fluid; (2) Mucosity: Mucus is the main body fluid; (3) Bile: Yellow bile is the main body fluid; (4) Depression: Black bile is dominant in body fluids? The most important feature of temperament cultivation is from the inside out. Temperament cultivation is the longest process, which requires constant self-improvement at ordinary times. For temperament, people's inner performance is the most important ~ temperament also gives people a lot of beauty: how can we achieve temperament beauty? Temperament refers to a person's relatively stable personality characteristics, style and tolerance. Cheerful and chic people often show an intelligent temperament; Cheerful and gentle, showing noble temperament; People with straightforward personality and bold style are often rough in temperament; Gentle personality, beautiful and dignified manners, quiet temperament ... whether intelligent, noble, rough or quiet, can produce a certain sense of beauty. On the contrary, cunning, aloof, indifferent, or mean and lazy temperament has no aesthetic feeling except disgust. Temperament beauty seems invisible, but it is tangible. It is manifested through a person's attitude towards life, personality characteristics, words and deeds, etc. Temperament externalization is between a person's gestures. The gait of walking and the way of dealing with people are all temperament. The following six elements also help to enhance temperament beauty: 1. Looking in the mirror is not narcissism. In fact, the mirror is your loyal friend, through which you can find your own advantages and disadvantages. More importantly, saying "I am beautiful" to the mirror once a day will bring you more confidence. Only by loving yourself will it be more beautiful. 2. Keep a happy mood. Everyone is happiest when he is the cleverest and most attractive. A person who is sad all day is usually not very beautiful. Emotion can easily change a person's temperament, so learn to keep a happy mood every day, and you will shine from the inside out. 3. Love is a nourishing agent. Women in love are the most beautiful. This rude remark is a wise saying. When a woman is in love, she will unconsciously have a full mood, and a woman in love will learn to be tolerant. The feeling of maturity can sharpen a mature and beautiful temperament. 4. Communicate with women you find attractive. Expressions are contagious. Talk to a woman with a charming smile, and you will be infected unconsciously and learn more attractive expressions. 5. Communicate with different generations and types of people. A person's charm is accumulated through communication with others, especially relatively young women. When communicating with older or foreign friends, your expression, language and sight will be slightly adjusted with different people. This communication process will help you accumulate the charm of interacting with people. 6. Find the smile that suits you best. A natural smile is the best weapon to make a first impression. Practice an accurate and natural smile in front of the mirror, review whether your smile is stiff or far-fetched, and remember that a heartfelt smile is the most natural and frank. Many people are not pretty girls and handsome guys, but they are full of attractive temperament beauty: earnest, persistent, smart and keen. This is the true beauty of temperament, the inner beauty of harmony and unity. Pursuing beauty without misunderstanding and blasphemy requires everyone who loves and pursues beauty to understand the true meaning of beauty from life, combine beautiful appearance with beautiful temperament, beautiful virtue with beautiful language, and show a beautiful image of complete personality, temperament and appearance. Cultivation 1: Calm down (1) Don't show your emotions casually. (2) Don't tell everyone about your difficulties and experiences. (3) Before consulting others, think for yourself, but don't speak first. (4) Don't nag about your dissatisfaction every chance you get. (5) Important decisions should be discussed by others as far as possible, and it is best to release them the next day. (6) Don't panic when talking or walking. Two: Be careful (1) and always think about the causal relationship of what happens around you. (2) For the problem of inadequate implementation, we should explore its root causes. (3) To put forward suggestions for improving or optimizing the methods of doing things. (4) Everything is in an orderly way. (5) Always find a few faults or shortcomings that others can't see. (6) You should make up for the deficiency anytime and anywhere. Three: Courage (1) Don't often use words that lack confidence (2) Don't often go back on our word and easily overturn what has been decided. (3) People should not be indecisive when arguing. (4) When the overall atmosphere is low, you should be optimistic about the sunshine. (5) Do everything with your heart, because someone is watching you. (6) When things don't go well, take a breath, find a breakthrough again, and end it cleanly. Four: Be open (1) Don't deliberately turn people who may be partners into opponents. (2) Don't haggle over trifles and mistakes of others. (3) Be generous with money and learn three things (money, law and fearlessness). (4) Don't be arrogant and biased in knowledge. (5) Any achievements and achievements should be shared with others. (6) When someone must sacrifice or contribute, walk ahead by yourself. There is a firm and balanced relationship between blood quality and psychological quality and high elasticity. This kind of person's feelings and emotions are quick, exposed, extremely changeable, flexible and active, but they are often not demanding. Adaptable to work, likable, and extensive in communication. Easy to accept new things, but also easy to see different ideas [2] and appear frivolous. Weak and balanced mucus with low elasticity. This kind of person's mood is relatively stable, with low excitability, slow change, introversion and meditation. Thinking and words and deeds are steady and slow, calm and practical. Think carefully about your work, carry out your own decisions to the letter, and often show a high degree of enthusiasm for your accustomed work, and it is not easy to adapt to the new work and environment. Weak, easily depressed depression. This kind of person has a profound emotional experience and is not easy to show. Have a high sensitivity to things, can observe things that ordinary people can't perceive, and observe things in detail. Slow-moving, sentimental, prone to depression, often showing lack of self-confidence and decisiveness at work. Narrow communication, often feel lonely. People's temperament is hereditary, which can affect the formation and development of people's behavior and ability. Each temperament has its own advantages and disadvantages. Only by fully understanding one's own temperament type can one give full play to one's own advantages, overcome one's own shortcomings and realize a certain degree of transformation of psychological quality foundation. There is no distinction between good and evil and temperament related to career choice. Every temperament has its positive side and negative side. Temperament does not determine the social value and achievements of a person's activities. Representatives of different temperament types can be found in every professional field, and people with the same temperament can make outstanding contributions in different professional departments. However, different occupations and positions have different requirements for employees' temperament. Some temperament characteristics can often provide favorable conditions for a certain job, but they are obviously not suitable for other jobs. Both research and practice show that temperament characteristics are one of the important basis for choosing a career. 1. Choices of bravery and occupation. The basic characteristics of bile are frankness, enthusiasm, energy, impatience, high emotional excitement, impulsiveness, quick response and drastic emotional changes. When choosing a job, a person has a strong sense of initiative and competition. Usually, a person tends to choose a job with fierce competition, adventurous spirit and risks, or a job that serves the society, such as an athlete, reformer, explorer, etc. Can work even in remote and empty areas. 2. Blood quality and career choice The main characteristics of blood quality are lively, sensitive, witty, good at communication, and easy to change interests and emotions. When choosing a job, he is proactive, enthusiastic and generous, good at selling himself and has strong adaptability, which is very popular with employers. Usually suitable for public appearances and communication professions, such as journalists, lawyers, public relations personnel, secretaries, artists, etc. 3. Sticky temperament and career choice The main characteristics of stickiness are quiet, steady, slow-witted, taciturn, emotional and patient. When choosing a job, I am calm and calm. After the goal is determined, I have persistent pursuit and perseverance, thus making up for the lack of other qualities. Generally suitable for medical treatment, library management, data translation, teachers, sales staff and other work. 4. Depressive temperament and career choice The typical characteristics of depressive temperament are profound emotional experience, withdrawn, slow-moving, sensitive, sensitive and meticulous. When choosing a job, it is well thought out and planned step by step, which is generally suitable for theoretical research. The above is only from the perspective of typical temperament to talk about the relationship between various temperament and career choice. Every job seeker should proceed from his actual temperament characteristics, carefully examine the corresponding relationship between professional temperament requirements and his own characteristics, choose those occupations and positions that can give full play to the positive aspects of his temperament and avoid the negative aspects?