Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - How do hypertensive patients cope with seasonal changes in blood pressure?
How do hypertensive patients cope with seasonal changes in blood pressure?
The reasons include: high temperature in summer, increased sweating, more water evaporation on the body surface, that is, less liquid in the body; Sweating will not only lose water, but also lead to the loss of salt in the human body, and salt has a great influence on blood pressure; With the high temperature in summer, blood vessels dilate, vascular resistance decreases, and blood pressure decreases accordingly.
For normal people, the range of seasonal blood pressure fluctuation is limited, and their own regulation ability is enough to ensure adequate blood supply to important organs of the body such as heart, brain and kidney. But for patients with hypertension, especially those who usually take antihypertensive drugs, it may be different. The range of blood pressure reduction may exceed the self-regulation range of the human body, which will have hidden dangers.
Although high blood pressure is not good, it is not good to have too low blood pressure. Scientific research has confirmed that the relationship between all cardiovascular events and hypotension is not completely linear. If it is low enough, heart and brain events will increase. In order not to mislead everyone, I don't write specific values here (after all, different situations are different). Hypotension may lead to dizziness, poor spirit or even fainting due to insufficient blood supply to the brain; Insufficient blood supply to the heart leads to myocardial ischemia and even myocardial infarction; Insufficient blood supply to the kidney leads to renal insufficiency, and there will be symptoms such as fatigue and mental exhaustion. Among them, seasonal hypotension appears gradually and will not continue to decline. So generally speaking, the symptoms are dizziness, fatigue and mental retardation.
How to prevent seasonal hypotension
1. Self-monitoring blood pressure
Self-monitoring blood pressure at home is simple and effective! In particular, if you have the above symptoms, you need to measure your blood pressure at different time points every day and make records.
2. Adjust drugs according to doctor's advice
Generally speaking, patients with normal blood pressure control in summer should not change the dosage of antihypertensive drugs, and only patients with low blood pressure need to reduce it. And drug reduction is also learned. For example, people who take multiple drugs can reduce one drug, people who take two tablets of one drug can change to 1 half tablet or 1 tablet, and people who take 1 tablet can change to half tablet. Especially for patients who take a variety of antihypertensive drugs, don't stop taking them at once, especially beta blockers, otherwise it will easily lead to severe hypertension and blood pressure fluctuation.
Patients with hypertension, especially the elderly, should lower their blood pressure peacefully and slowly under the guidance of a doctor, and they should not be impatient, and they should not lower their blood pressure too fast or too low at once. Patients with severe hypotension and obvious symptoms must be actively treated to prevent serious consequences such as massive cerebral infarction or myocardial ischemia due to insufficient perfusion.
What needs to be pointed out in particular is that some patients feel that they have become good doctors after a long illness, adjust their own drugs, and even guide other patients to take drugs. In fact, even old patients who have followed doctors for many years can't fully grasp the characteristics of drugs. Adjusting drugs without the guidance of a specialist may lead to large fluctuations in blood pressure and may even be life-threatening.
3. Avoid standing for a long time or suddenly changing posture.
When picking up things on the ground, you should not bend down directly, but kneel down first. Before getting up at night or in the morning, you should exercise in bed first, and then get up slowly. Don't get up too hard to prevent transient cerebral ischemia. The temperature of the living environment should not be too high to avoid vasodilation and blood pressure drop.
Seasonal hypotension is more common. Communicate with doctors as soon as possible with only a little knowledge of popular science. In many cases, you can adjust under the guidance of a doctor without coming to the hospital.
In recent days, the weather seems to have suddenly started the summer mode, and the temperature has soared in a wide range. How should hypertensive patients cope with this weather? What are the precautions related to blood pressure? Let's give you a brief introduction today.
Patients with hypertension should pay attention to blood pressure monitoring at the turn of seasons.
Many hypertensive patients, especially the friends of elderly hypertensive patients, often find that their blood pressure is not easy to control in winter, and it drops in summer. Sometimes they don't pay attention, and even have the problem of hypotension after taking medicine. Blood vessels in the human body also have the characteristics of expanding with heat and contracting with cold. In the hot summer, blood vessels will expand relatively. If you still sweat a lot and your blood volume will decrease relatively, your blood pressure will indeed decrease to some extent.
However, for healthy people, the human body itself has a set of precise blood pressure regulation system, and the autonomic nerves of the human body will adjust the blood pressure independently according to the changes of blood pressure, so as to keep it in a relatively stable blood pressure range. Therefore, the fluctuation of blood pressure in winter and summer is often not obvious, and hypertensive patients, especially some elderly friends, are more prone to hypotension in summer. Hypertension is harmful to the body, and hypotension will also affect the blood pressure perfusion and oxygen supply of various organs of the body such as the heart, brain and kidney. If dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness and other symptoms often appear after taking antihypertensive drugs in summer, it may really be excessive hypotension, causing symptoms caused by hypotension.
In order to cope with this situation, we should first do a good job in monitoring and measuring blood pressure, measure blood pressure regularly, especially in the alternating time of cold and warm, increase the frequency of measuring blood pressure and know our own blood pressure. If blood pressure is low after taking antihypertensive drugs in summer, it should be corrected and improved in time.
For this kind of correction and improvement, it is not as simple as simply and rudely stopping taking drugs. First of all, we should pay attention to multi-point measurement of blood pressure. If you can confirm your blood pressure and keep it up to standard in several periods in summer, you can consider stopping taking drugs. For most hypertensive patients, if taking a certain dose of antihypertensive drugs in summer leads to hypotension, it is usually recommended to reduce the dose instead of stopping the drug completely. The risk of stopping drug completely lies in the weakening of the body's blood pressure regulation function, which is not only manifested in the decrease of blood pressure, but also difficult to control when blood pressure rises. Therefore, rational drug use is the key, and direct withdrawal is often not desirable.
Patients with hypertension should pay attention to the risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by seasonal changes.
It's summer, not to mention winter. Take summer as an example. Although it is not a high incidence period of cardiovascular diseases, we should pay more attention to some aspects. When the weather is hot in summer, people are more prone to impatience. Impatience and mental imbalance often have a great impact on blood pressure, which will suddenly increase blood pressure and lead to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. For the regulation of blood pressure, don't ignore this emotional and psychological influence. Therefore, no matter what season, it is very important to keep a calm mind.
In addition, for friends with high blood pressure, we should also pay attention not to be greedy in summer. For example, some friends feel strong even if they have high blood pressure, and it is ok to take a cold bath in summer. But in fact, for friends with high blood pressure, especially those with high cardiovascular risk, if they suddenly receive cold water stimulation in summer, the chances of causing myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction will greatly increase. Therefore, no matter how hot it is, don't try to be brave and take a cold bath, which will control your blood pressure.
For friends with high blood pressure, we should pay attention to maintaining a good work and rest in summer. The days are long and the nights are short in summer. Although it is not yet the end of May, it is already dawn at 4: 30 in the morning. Therefore, in summer, friends who are at risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are advised to develop good work and rest habits and go to bed early and get up early. After getting up in the morning, you might as well rest in bed for a while before getting up. Don't get up too fast, so as not to get excited by sympathetic nerves in the morning and lead to an increase in blood pressure.
It is hot in summer, and street barbecues and draft beers are also very popular. For patients with hypertension, it is not recommended to drink in large quantities at one time. On the one hand, drinking alcohol will increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, on the other hand, drinking a lot of beer will increase the blood volume, leading to an increase in blood pressure, which is not conducive to the control of hypertension. Therefore, for friends who love to drink beer continuously, if they have hypertension problems, they should control more, drink less and eat less as far as possible, and enough is enough.
First of all, we should understand the concept of blood pressure.
Blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure on the blood vessel wall when blood flows in human arteries. According to the regulations of the World Health Organization, when the blood pressure reaches or exceeds 140/90mmHg, the blood pressure rises.
People's blood pressure will change due to seasonal temperature changes, which is high in winter and low in summer, and there are certain rules to follow.
In summer, skin blood vessels dilate, resistance decreases, blood flow increases, and blood pressure decreases slightly due to sweating and blood volume reduction. In winter, the temperature drops, the adrenaline level of human body increases, the contraction of blood vessels on the body surface reduces heat dissipation, the visceral blood volume increases, the heart rate increases and the cardiac output increases; Dry air, less water in the body, sticky blood, increased blood flow resistance, leading to a significant increase in blood pressure.
Therefore, fully understanding the seasonal variation characteristics of blood pressure in patients with hypertension, adjusting antihypertensive drugs in time and coping with the adverse effects of climate factors on the body can minimize the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
Then, how should hypertensive patients manage their blood pressure in spring and summer? In view of the seasonal changes of blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs should also be adjusted seasonally, including adjusting the types and doses of drugs to avoid large fluctuations in blood pressure and stabilize blood pressure at a certain level.
1, insist on monitoring blood pressure
Winter and summer are the seasons when blood pressure fluctuates greatly, especially in summer, which belongs to "changing in the middle and changing in the middle". Do not relax the monitoring and observation of blood pressure. In addition to self-monitoring, it is best to go to a hospital or clinic for blood pressure measurement every 3 to 5 days, with the longest interval not exceeding 1 week. Rest quietly for at least 5 minutes before measuring blood pressure, empty your bladder within 30 minutes before measuring, and don't smoke, drink coffee or tea.
It is recommended that patients measure their blood pressure at home, 1 time in the morning and evening (at least twice before taking medicine in the morning and before dinner, with an interval of 1 minute, and then take the average).
After finding that blood pressure is low, blood pressure should be monitored regularly, about 1 week. If the blood pressure is low most of the time, you can reduce the medicine. If the blood pressure drops only once, it may fluctuate by accident.
If the peak-valley difference of blood pressure is found to be large or irregular, you should go to the hospital for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in time to understand the fluctuation law of blood pressure, and seek medical advice in time to adjust the taking time of antihypertensive drugs and drugs according to the doctor's advice.
Another thing to note is that it is not necessary to measure blood pressure repeatedly in a short time and insist on the change of blood pressure after taking medicine. It is impossible to keep blood pressure constant all the time, which may lead to "nervous hypertension".
2. It is not advisable to stop taking drugs without authorization or cause blood pressure rebound.
Some patients with mild hypertension can control their blood pressure at the target level if they only take a mild antihypertensive drug in winter. When blood pressure is low in summer, the dosage of antihypertensive drugs can be reduced by half or even stopped.
Pay attention to the adjustment of medication under the guidance of a doctor.
The doctor will judge whether it is necessary to adjust the medicine according to the measured blood pressure data. When necessary, doctors will gradually reduce or increase the dosage or variety of drugs. Usually, after seeing the blood pressure drop, monitor the blood pressure regularly, about 1 week. If blood pressure has a downward trend most of the time, you can reduce the drug. If the blood pressure drops only once, it may fluctuate by accident. After each dose reduction, we should also observe 1 week to see if the blood pressure will rise to a more appropriate level. If the blood pressure is still low after 1 week, you can continue to reduce it. If there is no rapid and massive monitoring and drug reduction, the blood pressure may increase obviously, and the blood pressure should be adjusted to the standard range gently and steadily within weeks or even months.
Most hypertensive patients need to take two or more antihypertensive drugs in winter to reach the target blood pressure below 140/90mm Hg. In summer, the blood pressure of these patients drops to near 1 10mm Hg or even lower. In this case, it is necessary to start reducing the drug, and the blood pressure level after reducing the drug is often relatively stable. After 2 weeks of drug withdrawal, monitor blood pressure 1 week to see if blood pressure will rise to a more appropriate level. If the blood pressure is still low after monitoring 1 week, it can continue to decrease.
3, hypertension patients and high-risk groups should be adjusted according to the season;
According to the "nature" and "taste" of food, the diet can be "eat cold and nourish yang in spring, warm in autumn and warm and nourish yin in winter", go to bed early and get up early in spring and summer, go to bed early and get up late in autumn and winter, and take a two-hour lunch break in summer. Keep your head and feet warm.
In summer, in order to prevent heatstroke, wear sun hats outdoors, preferably straw hats and gauze hats, and drink plenty of water to avoid blood concentration;
In order to keep out the cold in winter, wear a warm hat outdoors. You can wear a cotton hat, wool hat or wool hat that is not too heavy. Cold starts from the feet, especially for the elderly, even indoors after it gets cold in autumn. You can choose wool socks and fluffy socks, and wear wide and warm shoes to prevent the reflex blood pressure from rising due to cold limbs.
4, bad eating habits will also make blood pressure control poor, so elderly patients with hypertension should do a reasonable diet from the following aspects.
⑴ Low-salt diet: limit the intake of sodium salt. Generally, the daily salt intake is 6 grams, and high-sodium foods should be fasted, such as ham, bacon, pickles, pickles and other pickled foods.
⑵ Low-fat and low-cholesterol diet: saturated fatty acids and high-cholesterol foods, such as lard, butter, viscera and egg yolk, should be properly restricted.
⑶ High-quality protein diet: appropriately supplement high-quality protein (such as egg white, pork and fish).
(4) Limit drinking and avoid irritating drinks. Such as coffee, strong tea, cola, etc.
5] Eat less and eat more: Overeating will increase the burden on the heart.
[6] Weight control: eat low-calorie or medium-calorie foods, eat a balanced diet, and eat more fruits and vegetables.
Once the intake of crude fiber food is increased, constipation can be prevented.
(8) Ensure adequate potassium and calcium intake: eat more green vegetables, beans, dried shrimps and laver with high calcium content.
5. Attach medication instructions and pay attention to medication under the guidance of a doctor.
There are five commonly used antihypertensive drugs:
1, diuretics: furosemide, spironolactone, dihydrochlorothiazide. 2. Calcium antagonists: nitrendipine, amlodipine and lacidipine. 3.ACEl: captopril, enalapril, ramipril, lisinopril, etc. 4.ARb: irbesartan, valsartan, etc. 5.b blockers: metoprolol, bisoprolol, etc.
Amlodipine is the most commonly used and effective drug, which can be combined with many antihypertensive drugs to increase curative effect and reduce side effects.
The best combination is 1, nitrendipine and captopril. 2. Amlodipine and metoprolol/bisoprolol. 3. Amlodipine, Ramipril, Enalapril and lisinopril. 4. Amlodipine and Irbesartan/Valsartan. 5. Spironolactone, nitrendipine, amlodipine and lacidipine. Don't use drugs without authorization, you need to consult a doctor! )
Seasonal changes do have a certain impact on blood pressure.
Generally, blood pressure is high in winter and low in summer.
No matter in which season, patients with hypertension should first monitor their blood pressure every day. Choose the use of antihypertensive drugs according to your blood pressure changes.
Secondly, due to the cold climate in winter, blood vessels contract, generally.
Blood pressure will be higher. When the elderly go out in winter, they must pay attention to keep warm and wear hats and bibs. Try to avoid going out in the coldest time.
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