Peasant-style Wangqing

I heard that the wind and rain in the west were in Qin.

Will Zephyr come back sooner or later?

White-haired old farmers stand out,

Look at the clouds high in the wheat field.

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The scene described in the poem is that when farmers are threshing, the situation suddenly changes. It was windy and rainy. The west wind in Qin (now Shaanxi) is rainy, which is about from the agricultural proverb at that time. Such agricultural proverbs are related to weather changes. Taste this word and write about people's concern about the weather change. In this way, the routine method of opening quatrains directly creates a sense of urgency and plays a role in setting off the atmosphere.

At this juncture, the weather is related to the annual harvest. A heavy rain will ruin many people's hopes. So the poet prayed devoutly and silently, hoping that it would not rain in the sky. This meaning is not directly expressed in the poem, but in vivid language, which endows Xifeng with personality and hopes that she will go back as soon as possible, as if she has the right to take it away. Tell Zephyr to come back sooner or later? Sooner or later, that is, when to return, this timid question shows that the mood is anxious.

The last two sentences are directly derived from a touching image in life: the white-haired old farmer stands out and the wheat field looks at the clouds. Give a deep impression. First of all, such figures can best reflect the character of ancient farmers: they silently created wealth for the society, experienced hardships and blows, often struggled on the line of life and death, but stubbornly lived and never despaired. Secondly, using the word "stand out from the crowd" to describe the posture of the old man looking at the clouds is very expressive. The metaphor of a crane is related to white hair, and the standing posture gives people a lasting and persistent feeling. This posture can properly express the inner activities of the characters. Finally, the background details of the height of the wheat field play an important role in highlighting the characters. The wheat field is a vivid explanation of the season, and it is also the reason why farmers look sunny. On the other hand, it is a subtle hint that the elderly are eager to see the clouds disperse. It is more subtle and powerful than direct narration to express by using painting-like language.

This poem selects a fragment of a farmer's life when the west wind has reached the harvest season and the rain is coming, and focuses on the plot of an old farmer looking at the clouds. Through this hope, readers can think of the farmer's hard work for about a year, just like the kind of labor scene described in Bai Juyi's Watching Wheat; It can also remind readers of the hungry children and grandchildren of farmers and the ruthless rent collection of houses waiting for harvesters. The potential meaning of this poem is very profound. Because the genre of seven-character quatrains is small, images must be concentrated, and readers must peek at the leopard. This poem is different from the layout and expression of Guanwai, and only focuses on writing one word, which is also the reason for its implementation.

This poem has sympathy for farmers, but no sympathy; There is praise for farmers, but there is no praise. The poet's heartfelt sympathy and praise are beyond words.

Agricultural family

Yan farmhouse

In the middle of the night, Hu er took advantage of ploughing, and it was difficult to meet cows.

When people don't know the hardships of farmers, they will say that Tanaka was born.

Translation and annotation

At midnight, I called on the children to plow the fields before dawn.

The thin old cow dragged the plow in the field, walking very slowly, so tired that it was almost impossible to drag the plow.

Most people don't know the hardships of farmers.

It is said that the rice and grain in the field grow naturally.

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This poem reflects the hardships of farmers' life at that time. He expressed sympathy for the peasants and criticized the ignorance of the people. The last two sentences are similar to those expressed in Li Shen's poem Sympathy for Peasants, but they are more intense and there are quite a few criticisms. In the past, they were often used to laugh at people who didn't know how to work hard, how to make a living and how to indulge in eating, drinking and having fun. Guo Shan farmstead

Gu Kuang Guo Shan farmhouse

Banqiao people cross the spring, and Mao Yan crows at noon.

Chen Mo bakes tea with black smoke, but he likes to bask in the sun in the valley.

Translation and annotation

When I crossed the wooden bridge across the mountain stream, the gurgling sound of spring water accompanied me; Came to the front of the farmhouse, the sun shone high on the eaves, and the chickens giggled as if welcoming visitors; Shan Nong accompanied me to visit the roasted tea and said with deep apologies, don't blame me for being smoked; When he arrived at the threshing floor, Shan Nong was ecstatic because he could thresh in fine weather.

1, anger: resentment.

2, baking: baking with a small fire.

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The six-character quatrains are integrated into one, and there are few authors and works throughout the Tang Dynasty. Gu Kuang's six-character quatrains are simple, light and natural, which shows the true nature of farmers.

The first two sentences are two independent and closely connected pictures. The picture of Banqiao people crossing a spring in front depicts a Banqiao near the home of a mountain farmer. Under the bridge, gurgling mountain springs flow. On the footbridge, what you see and hear is the clear tinkling sound of the spring. The sound of people crossing the spring seems unreasonable, but it really expresses the unique feeling of people crossing the slab bridge over the spring. There is a picture in the poem. This picture is a sound painting that seems to hear the sound of spring. This sentence is about the environment near the farmhouse, which is dark. People who cross the river are actually poets themselves, but when they write, they seem to be painting their own appearance, and the lyrical subject seems to be integrated into the object and become a part of the scenery.

The last picture, the second sentence, crowing on the grass eaves at noon, is for the mountain people. Mao Yan's humble houses are the true face of mountain farmers; The crow at noon seems to break the silence of the mountain village, but it also reveals the unique leisure and tranquility of the farmers in the mountain village. In the warm sunshine, the eaves were quiet, except for a few long crows. This conveys the unique flavor of a mountain farmer who is far away from the hubbub and the whole family is working. There are no idle people in the farming month, and the home is in the south (Wang Wei's "New Sunny Wild Hope"). Here, I wrote about the silence of the rooster in the afternoon, just to counter the busyness behind the silence. In terms of expression, this sentence is mainly dynamic contrast; From the implication of the content, it is busy with superficial idleness. So in a few words, the brush strokes will naturally receive Shan Nong's works.

Chen Mo bakes tea with black smoke, but he likes to bask in the sun in the valley. These two sentences are the words that the busy owner apologized to the poet after he arrived at the farmhouse in the mountain. A few days before the poet went to the mountain farmhouse, it rained for a few days, and the tea was a little wet, so the cut millet could not be dried; The next day, after a storm comes a calm, the whole family is busy baking tea (baking tea with a small fire to remove the moisture in wet tea) and drying grain. The house is full of smoke because of baking tea and burning wood, and the millet on the threshing floor outside the house needs to be turned from time to time. Therefore, the hospitable host sincerely apologized and said, "Don't blame the baking of tea for making the room smoky, so you should try to rest in the shabby hut;" Fortunately, it's sunny today, and the millet in the field has to be basked in the sunshine, so I can't stay to entertain you. Please forgive me. Shan Nong's words not only expressed Bi Xiao's tone, but also vividly showed Shan Nong's simple hospitality and the busyness and joy of Chu Qing farmers after the rain. Such natural language and simple words complement the quiet environment described above and present a simple and pure beauty of life. The first spring sound means that after the rain, the second cock crow clears up the sky, which makes the front and back pictures well connected and integrated.

Six-character quatrains, because the number of words in each sentence is even, and six characters are obviously divided into three sentences, naturally tend to be opposite sentences and tend to be carried out in order. Most of them are antithetical, and the language is beautiful. Although Gu Kuang's six-character quatrains also take the form of antithesis, they are not dull at all because of their simple and natural language and changes in sentence patterns before and after. Instead, they are quite light and natural, fresh and simple, and the style and content of the poems present a high degree of harmonious beauty. Yat sen villa

Li shangyin yat sen villa

A person lives in seclusion, overlooking the city, spring is gone, summer is clear.

The grass was drowned by the rain and finally got the love of God. The rain was sunny.

Climbing on the high shelf, overlooking the distance, the sky is high and the afterglow of the sunset passes through the window lattice.

Birds' nests have been dried, and their bodies are light again.

Translation and annotation

A person lives a quiet and secluded life, overlooking the city, and spring goes to summer.

The grass was drowned by the rain and finally got the love of God. It cleared up after the rain.

Climbing on the high shelf and looking at the railing, the sky is vast, and the afterglow of sunset Ran Ran penetrates the window lattice.

The nests of Vietnamese birds have dried up, and their posture has returned to lightness.

1, Jiacheng: Qucheng outside the city gate.

2. Excellent grass: grass in the dark.

3. Shelf: refers to the pavilion where the poet lives.

4. Jiong: Gao Yuan

5, micro-note: Because the evening scene is oblique, the light appears weak and soft, so micro-note.

6, the more birds: birds in the south.

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It may not be too difficult to paint the landscape of yat sen villa more delicately. However, if we want to integrate the poet's unique feelings and mood into the description of scenery, especially to express a positive attitude towards life without revealing traces, so that readers can be inspired ideologically, this requires the poet to go up a storey still higher in ideological realm and artistic strength.

The first couplet said that he lived in seclusion, overlooking Jiacheng (Qucheng outside the city gate), and the season was early summer in Qinghe. At first glance, it seems irrelevant, and the upper and lower sentences are not related. In fact, the deep house overlooking the city is the foothold overlooking yat sen villa, and the quiet early summer further points out the specific season of yat sen villa. Perhaps it can be said that this poem only reflects the sunset that Gao Lan saw in early summer from both time and place.

Lingnan is quiet and rainy in early summer (at this time, the poet works in Zheng Yamu, Guilin). After a long rain, it cleared up, and in the evening, everything suddenly became clear and people's spirit was completely new. This kind of sight and feeling is what ordinary people are used to and what they have. The poet's uniqueness lies in that he does not write the scene of yat sen villa in general or describe it in detail, but only takes the grass that grows in the dark and is not noticed by people, hides it in the dark with a pen in the imaginary place, and then writes his understanding and feelings about yat sen villa. After a long drought, the quiet grass meets the rain suddenly, so that it can absorb the afterglow and increase business. Excited by the scenery, the poet suddenly had the whimsy of God's mercy on the quiet grassland. This makes the hidden grass as a natural thing almost personalized and gives people rich associations. The poet himself had a similar fate, so he naturally found himself in the grass. Here is the poet's life experience. While he was gratified by his current fortune, he unexpectedly showed sadness about the past bad luck, or was comforted by the past bad luck. This naturally leads to the heaviness of yat sen villa in the world, and also gives it a special meaning in life. Yat sen villa is beautiful, but it is short-lived. People often appreciate lingering and feel sorry and disappointed at its hasty passing. But the poet doesn't care about its simplicity, only emphasizes the importance of yat sen villa. From here, we can experience a feeling of cherishing beautiful and ephemeral things and a positive and optimistic attitude towards life.

The parallel couplets are vague, comprehensive and deeply entrusted, and the necklaces turn to yat sen villa paintings. In this way, reality and density alternate, and poetry appears relaxed and purposeful, rather than dull and monotonous. After the rain, the clouds cleared and the fog dispersed. Looking down from Gaolan, the line of sight was farther, so a shelf was added (this shelf is the pavilion where the poet lives). This sentence is written from the side, the scenery is written from the inside out, and the next sentence is written from the front and the angle is from the outside to the inside. The afterglow of the sunset streamed down the small window, bringing a ray of light. Because it is twilight, the light is weak and soft, so it is called micro-note. Nevertheless, this oblique pulse still brings joy and comfort. Through the detailed description of the evening scene, this couplet writes a clear and happy mood and concretizes the heavy words.

Wei Lian said that the bird returned to its nest, its posture was light and smart, and it was still what it saw when it reached the top. The nest is dry, the body is light and clear, and it is too late to fly back. The return of birds usually touches the traveler's mind, but it has become a foil to the happy sunshine mood here. There is a saying in ancient poetry that birds fly over the nest to the south branch. What is written here is that birds fly back to their nests, which has its own meaning. If the grass is a symbol of the poet's humble and difficult life experience, then the moon bird seems to be the embodiment of the poet's refreshing eyes.

Here, I want to explain something about the author before and after he entered Guimu. Since Li Shangyin married Wang Maoyuan in 838 (regarded as Li's party), he has been in the narrow valley of party struggle and was hated and excluded by the Niu Party. Xuanzong followed suit, and the Niudang dominated the state affairs, which made the situation worse for him. He had to leave Chang 'an and follow Zheng Ya to Guilin as an adjutant. Zheng Ya trusts him more. He can feel some warmth in the curtains. At the same time, leaving Chang 'an, the vortex of party struggle, can temporarily avoid being constantly looked down upon by the Cattle Party, which is also a kind of spiritual liberation. Because of this, there is a feeling in the poem that the grass meets the sunset and the birds return to the nest.

As a meaningful poem, the writing of Yi Xian Qing is closer to the interest between intentional and unintentional. Perhaps the poet had no clear intention to express his ambition, but when he climbed to the top of the mountain, he touched something and triggered an association. His feelings were integrated with the environment, thus integrating the feeling of understanding for a moment into the description of the late sunny scenery, so it was particularly natural and seamless.