Legend of Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang (A.D. 18 1-234), Han nationality, was named Kong Ming and Mr. Wolong. Yinan, Shandong, was an outstanding prime minister, politician, strategist, essayist and diplomat in Shu and Han Dynasties. According to historical records, it is eight feet high, which is about 1.84 meters today. Zhuge Liang's date of birth: Xin You, Bing Shen, Gui Chou, Ding Si.

Zhuge Liang was born in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (A.D. 18 1), an official family in Yang Du (now yinan county, Shandong) of Langye County. Zhuge family is a noble family of Langxie, and Zhuge's ancestor Zhuge Feng was a captain in the Western Han Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Jue, was named Simon and worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's 3-year-old mother Zhang died of illness and his father died at the age of 8 (9-year-old mother, 12-year-old father). Zhuge Liang and his younger sister and brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan (appointed by Yuan Shu as the prefect of Zhang Yu) to work in Zhang Yu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his brother and sister lost their livelihood, so they moved to Nanyang. At the age of 65,438+07, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror. He saw that Liu Biao was incompetent and not the master of the world, so he lived in seclusion in Longzhongshan, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and built a house. This was in the year 197. Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Longzhong for ten years. He made friends with celebrities in the south of the Yangtze River, "comparing himself to Guan Zhonghe every time", and loved to sing Song of Fu Liang, and made friends with celebrities such as Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Huang, Cui and Xu Shu. His intelligence has been recognized by everyone, and he has the ambition to conquer the world. He pays close attention to the development of the current situation, so he knows the world situation like the back of his hand. Known as "Wolong". Marry Huang's daughter.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (AD 207), Zhuge Liang was 27 years old. Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage to meet Zhuge Liang and asked about the plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and Yi as a base area first, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, comforting Yi Yue in Nan 'an and sending troops to the north in the west to unify the whole country. This passage is the famous "dragon". After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts suddenly became clear. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain to assist Liu Bei, joined forces with Sun to fight Cao, and Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated. Form the trend of the Three Kingdoms and seize Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister, but he did not open a government to preside over state affairs.

In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (AD 223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong 'an, and called Zhuge Liang to take care of the affairs, saying, "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you can finally settle down in the world and achieve great things. If the heir can make up, he will make up; If you are incompetent, you can take it yourself. " Zhuge Liang immediately cried, "I will try my best to complement each other until I die!" " The queen acceded to the throne.

Liu Chan, the ruler in the last years of Shu and Han Dynasties, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the marquis of Wuxiang, who led Yizhou as a shepherd. Establish a prime minister's office to handle daily affairs. At that time, the military, political and financial affairs of the whole country, big or small, were decided by Zhuge Liang, with strict rewards and punishments. Make an alliance with Dongwu, improve relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China, open up wasteland and strengthen combat readiness. In the fifth year of lite (AD 227), Shang Shu (a model) was in Liu Chan and led the army out of Hanzhong. He made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains, mostly with grain. Twelve years later, due to overwork, he died in the former army and entrusted Jiang Wei with the funeral.

Zhuge Liang is an orthodox thinker who upholds feudal laws and advocates Confucian loyalty and morality. However, Zhuge Liang did not stick to Confucian dogma. He respects the king, but does not harass foreigners. He made a southern tour to appease foreigners and implemented the best ethnic policy among the three countries. Zhuge Liang has become a model for future generations with the spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death before doing it".

China has portrayed Zhuge Liang as the embodiment of wisdom for thousands of years, and his legendary story has been told by the world. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. "Liancrossbow" has been innovated, and it can continuously launch 10 arrows; Make "wooden cows and flowing horses" to facilitate military transportation in mountainous areas; He also deduced the art of war, made an "eight-array diagram" and invented the "Kongming Lantern".

Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was a celebrity at that time. Zhuge Jinshi, Zhuge Liang's younger brother, was in Wu at that time, worshiping the general and guarding the left, and leading the Yuzhou animal husbandry. Zhuge Dan, Liang's younger brother, is an official in Wei and an official in the official department. He was transferred to Yangzhou Secretariat, Town East General and Sikong. All three brothers are famous, each in a country. At that time, I thought, "Shu is a dragon, Wu is a tiger, and Wei is a dog" ("Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pin Zao" notes that dogs are "meritorious dogs". Although they can't be compared with dragons and tigers, they are also very meritorious, so they are famous.

Chronicle of life

Year, age, life and deeds

Guanghe 4 years 18 1 year 1 year Zhuge Liang was born in Yang Du, Langxie (now yinan county, Shandong) on April 14th of the lunar calendar18/year.

In the sixth year, 189, at the age of 9, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang passed away.

Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father died.

In the first year of Xingping 194, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Xuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

In the second year of Chuping, at the age of 195 and 15, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the prefect, and he and his sister-in-law arrived with his uncle (now Nanchang).

Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister moved to Nanyang.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199, 19 years old Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Jian 'an12 In 2007, 27-year-old Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage, and Zhuge Liang told Liu Beichen that there were three points in the world, namely the famous "thatched cottage pair". Go out to help Liu Bei at once.

Jian 'an 13 Zhuge Liang persuaded Sun Quan to form an alliance with Liu Bei at the age of 28 to win in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Jian 'an 14. In 2009, 29-year-old Zhuge Liang served as a corps commander.

Jian 'an 16 2 1 1 year 3 1 year Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou.

Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 34, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou and joined forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to meet Liu Bei. Liu Bei entered Chengdu and took charge of Bashu. Zhuge Liang served as general Zuo, a strategist of the Shu army, and concurrently served as a government official.

In 20 years of Jian 'an, 265438+2005, Zhuge Liang, 35, rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an (265438+2008), 36-year-old Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu to raise rations for Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu, Liu Bei ascended the throne at the age of 22/kloc-0 and established Shu. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister.

In the first year of Shu Jianxing, 43-year-old Liu Bei Baidicheng trusted Zhuge Liang. Liu Chan named Zhuge Liang as the marquis of Wuxiang and led Yizhou as a shepherd.

Zhuge Liang, 44, spent two years in the state of Shu, adjusting the internal affairs of Bashu and stabilizing the people's hearts confused by Liu Bei's defeat.

At the age of 45 in 225, Shu Jianxing led the army south and stabilized the four southern counties.

Shu Jianxing was 4 years old, 226 years old and 46 years old. Zhuge Liang was ready to start a career to discuss Wei.

In 227, 47-year-old Zhuge Liang submitted a "model" of the Northern Expedition.

At the age of 48, in the sixth year of Jianxing in the middle of Shu, Zhuge Liang shed tears and beheaded Ma Su. He was demoted to the right general and became the prime minister.

At the age of 49, in the seventh year of the founding of Shu, Zhuge Liang once again made a northern expedition, seized Wudu and Yin Ping, and resumed his position as prime minister.

At the age of 50, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition in the eighth year of Jianxing in Shu.

In the 9th year of Shu Jianxing, 23 1 year, 5 1 year, Zhuge Liang went north to attack Qishan, defeated Sima Yi and defeated Wei Jiang Zhang He.

Shu Jianxing 1 1 233, 53-year-old Zhuge Liang collected grain in Gu Jie Jianfu.

Shu Jianxing12,234,54-year-old Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan in the Northern Expedition again.

Five northern expeditions

In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Zhuge Liang took the model to see his late master and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (Jichuan, Gansu) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, while Cao Zhen supervised the right army, and adopted the strategy of giving priority to defense. At first, the Shu army took Gu Jielu as a threat to capture the county seat, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the troops (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as suspected troops, and Zhuge Liang led the troops to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and was stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su was bad, lost to Wei Jun and lost to the street kiosks. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong (there was no "empty city plan" to retreat Sima Yijun in official history). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears in his eyes, wrote to himself three times, and became prime minister as a right general.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time, besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, and all the food was gone.

In the seventh year of Jianxing (AD 229), Zhuge Liang led the army to the third northern expedition. The Shu army marched westward, occupied Weiwudu and Yin Ping counties, and then returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

In the ninth year of Jianxing (AD 23 1), Zhuge Liang cut Wei for the fourth time and surrounded Qishan with wooden cows and horses to transport grain. Sima yi refused to be commander-in-chief and overseer. Zhuge Liang led the main force against Sima Yi. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from a long distance and the food logistics was limited, so he took the risk and insisted on refusing to participate in the war. Zhuge Liang appointed Li Yan to be responsible for the logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and the emperor ordered his retreat. After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, he lied to the court that withdrawing troops was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked, "Is there enough rations? Why did you suddenly retreat? " So Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letters as evidence in court, signed them with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, transferred him from Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong.

In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made the fifth northern expedition and led a large army out of the oblique valley. This time, I made an appointment to attack Wei at the same time. However, Wu Dong has been slow to send troops. Until May, Sun sent Lu Xun to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Hanzhen, Hubei) and attacked Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led the army to encircle the new town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Wu Dong first. He personally led the water army eastward, made Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insist on not fighting and let the Shu army retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei Zhu's intention, he thought that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army retreated across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will before his death: "If you are buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave on the hillside and the coffin can be placed in the grave. Wear ordinary clothes and don't bury objects. "

Heritage works

Zhuge Liang's writings, in the "Three Kingdoms", include "Catalogue of Zhuge Ji", 24 articles, 104 1 12 words.

Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work.

Zhuge Liang's famous main works are: Before the Teacher's Watch, After the Teacher's Watch (or later generations entrusted Zhuge's name as false, and the truth was in doubt) and The Book of Commandments.

Please announce the form of imperial edict by Emperor Xuanhan.

Fu Wei, the Great, worked hard to build a virtuous life, which was boundless, the sky hung high, and he was dying. On the 24th of this month, he was elected, suddenly promoted, and the male and female servants howled. However, despite the testamentary edict, there is only Taizong, which is touching the profit and loss; Liao Bai mourned for three days, undressed, and after the burial period, it seemed like a ceremony; Within three days, the prefect, the prefect and the county magistrate all surrendered. I fear the gods and dare not disobey them. Please announce your commitment. A reflection (volume 32) Shu Shuchuan.

Nanzhengbiao

At first, it was said that Gao Ding lost his cave and got a wife. He was at the end of his tether. Angelica takes life first. However, Miao's mind is different, and he is taking killing as an alliance to rectify more than 2,000 other people and seek a life-and-death battle. ○ Bei Tang Shu Chao Volume 158.

Teacher model

Liang Yan, the minister, said: The Middle Way collapsed before the first emperor's career was half finished. The next three points today will make Yizhou exhausted. This is a crucial autumn. But the guards worked tirelessly at home, and those who were loyal to their ambitions forgot to be outside, covering up the special experience of the former emperor and wanting to report to your majesty. Sincerely, it is advisable to open a holy court, with the honor of the late emperor and the spirit of the people. It is not advisable to belittle yourself, quote wrong words, and block the way of advice from loyal ministers.

In the palace, everything is an organic whole and should not be punished or denied. If there are criminals who are honest and kind, they should be punished by the Ministry to show your majesty's honest rule, and should not be partial to others, so that internal and external laws are different.

Shi Zhong, Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. , are honest and sincere, are based on the advice of the first emperor left your majesty. Fools think that everything in the palace, big or small, should be discussed, and then implemented, which will make up for the vacancy and make a lot of profits.

Xiang Chong, a general, has a good personality and fluent military style. He tried it in the past, and the former emperor called it energy, which was based on the discussion and approval of the public. Fools think that things in the camp, no matter how big or small, will make the line harmonious and gain advantages and disadvantages.

Pro-sages, far villains, this first Han is so prosperous; You little people, far from being wise ministers, have been so depressed in the Han Dynasty ever since. When the late Emperor was around, every time I talked to the minister about it, I always sighed and hated Yu Huan and Ling. Shi Zhong, Shang Shu, Chang Shi, joined the army. I know that I am the minister of Zhenliang's death sacrifice. I hope your majesty personally believes that the Han Dynasty is prosperous, and I can wait.

I'm a commoner, I've done my best for Nanyang, I'm willing to risk my life in troubled times, and I don't want Wenda to become a vassal. The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, and his accusation was self-defeating. He took care of his ministers in the thatched cottage and was grateful for what had happened in this world, so he promised the first emperor to drive him away. It has been 20 years since the late value capsized, and he was appointed as the defeated army and ordered to be in danger.

The first emperor knew that I was cautious, so he sent me to be a minister in case of collapse. Since I was appointed, I have been worried all night, afraid that entrustment will not work and hurt the understanding of my late emperor. So crossing the Luzhou River in May was deserted. Today, the south has been decided, and the armor is sufficient. With a reward from the three armed forces, the north will set the central plains, so as to exhaust its dullness, eliminate traitors and murderers, revive the Han Dynasty and return to its old capital. (North) [This] minister therefore reported to the first emperor that the duty of loyalty to your majesty is also divided. As for profit and loss, if you keep your word, you will be willing to do so.

May your majesty entrust me with the efficacy of bringing thieves back to life; If it doesn't work, I will be punished to tell the soul of my late emperor. If you don't preach virtue, you, Yi and Yun should be blamed for their slow response. Your majesty should also ask for help for himself, so as to consult the good way and test the elegant words. I am very grateful to you for pursuing the last emperor's testament.

Stay away from it today, crying and not knowing what to say.

Book of commandments

A gentleman's journey is quiet to cultivate one's morality, and frugal to cultivate one's morality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. If you are slow, you can't be energetic, and if you are dangerous, you can't be radical. Time goes by, meaning goes by, and then becomes withered, not meeting the world, and staying in a poor house sadly. What will happen?

history

See the reflection for details. Volume 35? Biography of Shu Shu and Zhuge Liang Written by Chen Shou in Jin Dynasty.

Comments: Zhuge Liang is also the prime minister, comforting the people, showing etiquette, appointing officials, subordinate to power, sincere and fair; Although those who are loyal to the times will get revenge, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished by their relatives, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are refined, physics is the foundation, reputation and responsibility are real, hypocrisy is contemptuous; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength!

Historical evaluation

Chen Shou: ① Zhuge Liang is also a prime minister, comforting the people, showing etiquette, being an official, taking power from control, being sincere and fair; Although people who are loyal to the times will be rewarded, those who violate the law and neglect their duties will be punished, those who confess their feelings will be released, and those who are eloquent will be slaughtered. Good without reward, evil without fiber without degeneration; Ordinary things are concise, based on physics, with real responsibility for fame and fortune, hypocrisy and contempt; Finally, people who are afraid and love each other in the national territory, although the criminal law is harsh and there is no complaint, are trying to persuade them clearly. It can be said that he is a talented person who knows how to govern the country, and he is a horse of Xiao. But after years of mobilization, it still failed, and the cover strain will be slightly, which is not its strength! (2) And unprepared, the heirs are young and weak, and everything is smart. Therefore, Wu Dong is connected with the outside world, while South Vietnam is in inner peace. The application of legislation, the arrangement of the army, and the study of mechanical tools and techniques are to the extreme. Science and education are strict, rewards and punishments are credible, no evil is not punished, and no good is not obvious. As for officials, rape is not allowed, people are willing to fall, and the road is not picked up. The strong do not invade the weak, and the weathering is severe. (3) Li Shu believes that ammunition is insufficient. Today, the people of Liang and Yi are talking to the bright, and their words are still in their ears. Although Gan Tang sang a song and Zheng sang a song, there is no way to compare them. Monk said: "Let the people use the road to escape, although they don't complain; Killing people with life, although not angry. " Believe it! Critics may blame Guangming's poor writing style, but Tai Ding Ninghua. I foolishly thought it was the Great Sage who was strange, and Duke Zhou was also a saint. As a result of the examination of history, the blame was simple and elegant, and the Duke of Zhou was annoyed and learned. What is this? Blame and shun, yu * * * talk, duke of zhou and his ministers swear. Bright words are all mortal, so their words refer to the distance. But his last words are all things, and his sincere heart is shaped by pen and ink, which is enough to know his meaning and make up for the present. (4) However, smart talents are better at managing Rong, shorter than using troops and better at managing the people. And with the enemy, or those with outstanding face value, increase people, offensive and defensive abnormity, so although the year moves, there is no gram. Xiao He recommended Han Xin yesterday, and Guan Zhong named him the father of Prince Edward City. Both of them feel their own strengths and can't have both. A wise instrument can govern, restrain and control, and a small one is also a horse. At that time, there was no city father and Han Xin, so I worked late and did not hesitate. Intellectually, it can't be compared. ⑤ With few talents, it is easy to escape, which is the tool of English hegemony. ⑥ Prime Minister Hongyi of Zhuge was loyal, strong and worried about the country and the people.

Yang Opera: Loyal to Wu, contribute to the riverside, climb Wu, and endow me with the true world. He was left behind by Ah Heng, who improved his martial arts prose, taught Chen Dejiao, changed his ways in charge, and was wise and foolish, and got carried away. After four generations of exile in Youzhou, he repeatedly came to the imperial court of the enemy country, showing his power and learning from a big country, and hated it.

Zhang: Public rewards are far away, punishment is not near, nobles get something for nothing, and punishment is inevitable. The reason why this sage and fool forgot his body is also.

Jia Xu: Zhuge Liang is good at governing the country.

Ye Liu: Zhuge Liang is good at dealing with people.

Fu Gan: Zhuge Liang knows how to change and is well founded.

Liu Bei: (1) You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to settle down in the world and eventually achieve great things. (2) There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish.

Cao Rui: Be ambitious but not seize the opportunity, plan more but make fewer decisions, and be a good soldier without power!

Sima Yi: A genius in the world!

Zhou Yu: Since Yu was born, He Shengliang!

Historical position

Wu Ci first appeared in the history of China in the Tang Dynasty.

1, "Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Rites and Music Five" records: "In the 19th year of Kaiyuan, Taigong Fu Shang Temple was established, and Taigong was honored as King Wu. Li is better than Wen Xuan Wang, and the ten philosophers are served by the good generals of the past dynasties. The ten philosophers of this temple are: Sun Wu of Wu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, Sima Yi of Qi State, Wu Qi of Wei State in the Warring States Period, Le Yi of Yan State, Bai Qi of Qin State, Sean and Han Xin of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhuge Liang, Li Jing, Li Shiji and Yitai in the Tang Dynasty. "

2. Tang Zhaozong named Zhuge Liang King of Wuling and gave the temple in Longzhong.

In the Song Dynasty, Zhuge was sacrificed as a loyal minister (giving the temple and "benevolence"), and later Zhuge was still sacrificed in the name, second only to Sean, who lived alone in the first place, and was on an equal footing with Sun Wu, Han Xin and Li Jing.

Book of Rites 8 of History of Song Dynasty (Volume 105): In the fifth year of Xuanhe, the Ministry of Rites said that "seventy-two generals will be worshipped in the Temple of King Wu", so it was put on a mourning day and Sean was sealed in the temple. Step by step according to different orientations:

First gear: Sean

Second gear: Guan Zhong, Sun Wu, Le Yi, Zhuge Liang and Li Ji to the west, Tian Rangcha, Fan Li, Han Xin, Li Jing and Guo Ziyi to the east.

Third gear: Dong Dai, Sun Bin, Lian Po, Li Mu, Cao Can, Zhou Bo, Li Guang, Huo Qubing, Deng Yu, Feng Yi, Wu Han, Ma Yuan, Huang Fusong, Deng Ai, Zhang Fei, Monroe, Lu Kang, Du Yu, Tao Kan, Murong Ke, Yu Wenxian, Wei Xiaokuan, Su Yang and He Ruo.

The fourth file: Guan, Wu Qi, Tian Dan, Zhao She, Wang Jian, Peng Yue, Zhou Yafu, Wei Qing, Zhao Chongguo, Kou Xun, Jia Fu, Geng Yan, Duan Wei, Zhang Liao, Guan Yu, Zhou Yu, Lu Xun, Yang Hu, Wang Jun, Xie Xuan, Wang Meng and Wang Jun.

The Jin people followed the old system of the Tang Dynasty, but lowered the status of Guan Zhong and Han Xin, and eliminated Wang Meng and Murong Ke, so Zhuge Liang's status as a famous soldier remained unchanged. Moreover, in the concept of Jin history, whoever says "Zhuge Liang doesn't know the soldiers" proves that this person is "good at keeping his word."

In the Yuan Dynasty, many people were eliminated from the Wu Temple sacrifice, but Zhuge Liang was still on an equal footing with Sun Wu.

1, "Yuan Shi Ji" contains: "Wucheng Wang Temple, located in the west of the Privy Council, worships ten people including Sun Wuzi, Sean, Guan Zhong, Le Yi and Zhuge Liang.

2. Yuan Yingzong named Zhuge Liang as the benevolent king.

After the birth of Luo Guanzhong's novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was quite popular among the ancient people. The author deified Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang was endowed with the peculiar ability of giving orders and calculating skillfully. In order to avoid the great influence of romance novels, the following situations are not listed.

Commemorate historical sites

There are many memorial sites for Zhuge Liang, including dozens all over the country. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, was named as the marquis of Wuxiang (Wuxiang is now Wuxiang Town of Hanzhong City) before his death, and was later named as the marquis of loyalty and righteousness by Liu Chan, so his temple was honored as the temple of marquis of Wuhou in history. The earliest Wuhou Temple to commemorate Zhuge Liang was in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263). Confronted with the tomb of Wuhou in Dingjun Mountain. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is the first Wuhou Temple in the world. The location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is the former site of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" when he was exploring Hanzhong in the North. At present, in addition to Chengdu Wuhou Temple and Mianxian Wuhou Temple, there are Nanyang Wuhou Temple, Baidicheng Wuhou Temple, Yunnan Baoshan Wuhou Temple and Qishan Wuhou Temple. In addition, there are Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Temple built in the Ming Dynasty (Puyin, Hubei) and Huangling Temple built during the Jian 'an period (Yichang, Hubei). Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The ancestral temple of Prime Minister was built in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. There are 52 ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Temple, which contains Zhuge Liang's spiritual position. In recent years, Lanxi Prime Minister's Temple has gradually gained fame and its influence is increasing day by day.

invent and create

China has always focused on politics and military affairs, and paid little attention to science and technology. Zhuge Liang made a special contribution in this respect. However, the Three Kingdoms records three inventions of Zhuge Liang's wife Huang Yueying, saying that "even the profit and loss are inconsistent, which is unexpected". Pei quoted Wei's "Spring and Autumn Annals": "There are gains and losses, which are called, taking iron as the vector, and the vector is eight inches long, with one arrow and ten arrows." This is a major military progress, and it can often get the upper hand when confronting the powerful Wei Jun, even if Sima Yi leads the army, he can only stick to it. In the face-to-face confrontation, Shu and Wei Jun were always flat at the last moment of Zhuge Liang's life. This is an improvement of transportation. In the war, the soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass went first. Improving the means of production is also a great achievement.

Historical deeds

First of all, the Wa people gave in.

As early as AD 225, Kanamanjuan tribe of Wa nationality living in Hulu made an alliance with Prime Minister Zhuge Liang, vowing to keep the border and never rebel. 1700 years, the Wa people have been observing this covenant. 1934, the British attacked Banhong and Banlao areas, and the Wa people remembered this covenant. Lao Wang Ban rebelled, organized Wa armed forces and swore allegiance to their most respected "Grandpa Azu"-Zhuge Liang. This is the famous "Ban Hong Incident".

The second is the "tea ancestor" worshipped by six ethnic minorities.

Historical Records of Pu 'er Mansion records: According to the old legend, Wuhou crossed six mountains, leaving a gong in Youle, a brass cymbal in Mangzhi, an iron brick in Manzhuan, wood in Ibang, a horse in Gordon and a cloth bag in Mansuo, making its mountain famous. One of the six tea mountains is called Kongmingshan, and the local people also call the tea tree "Kongmingshu" and respect Zhuge Liang as the "tea ancestor".

Nowadays, Jinuo, Bulang, Wa, Dai, Hani, Zhuang and other villages hold a meeting every year on Zhuge Liang's birthday, which is called "Tea Zuhui", enjoying the moon, singing and dancing, lighting lamps and worshiping Zhuge Liang.

Other legends

Wuzhangyuan

The original site of Zhang Wu is located in Qishan County, Baoji City, 30 kilometers east of Xi/KLOC-0, 56 kilometers west of Baoji and 25 kilometers north of Qishan County. It is more than 20 meters high and covers an area of about 12 square kilometers. Qipanshan is in the south of Zhang Wu, and Weihe River is in the north. The situation is very dangerous. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan to crusade against Sima Yi, and later died of overwork, making Wuzhangyuan famous all over the world. It was the last battlefield of Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his troops from Hanzhong, crossed the Qinling Mountains and entered Wuzhangyuan. I'm new here, and I'm short of food and grass. I'll settle down for training and wait for Wei. Sima Yi, the general of Wei, knew Zhuge Liang's clever plan and stuck to the north bank of Weihe River, not daring to send troops. The two sides fought for a hundred days in Wuzhangyuan. Zhuge Liang had to lure Wei Bing to fight in Hulugou, and set fire to break Taniguchi, in order to defeat Wei Sima Yi by surprise, and Wei Jun survived. In the autumn of the same year, Zhuge Liang died in the army, and the Shu army was defeated. When Sima Yi entered the place where Zhuge Liang commanded the battle, he saw the danger of the position of the Shu army and exclaimed, "The genius of the world is also." Later generations built a temple here in memory of Zhuge Liang.

According to local folklore, when Zhuge Liang died, a star fell from the sky, hence the name. In those days, the place where Zhuge Liang cultivated land was called Zhuge Tian. At that time, Zhuge Liang left the ruins of the half-meter-high city wall where he took the military account to command the battle. It was about 250 meters long from north to south and nearly 100 meters wide from east to west. The local people named this small castle "Lost in the City". In the south of Holloway, there is a flat stone with checkerboard patterns on it. It is said that Zhuge Liang played chess here in those days, so this mountain was named Qipanshan. Many "Zhuge pots" were found in the soil of Wuzhangyuan, and the handwriting of official script of Han Dynasty was cast on the iron pot. The five plains are now a farmland, and there is a river bend in the middle of the farmland. The local name is Luoxing Bay, and the village in the bay is called Luoxingbao.

There is Zhuge Liang Temple at the northern end of Wuzhangyuan, which was built in the early Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are pictures of the stories of the Three Kingdoms on both sides of the memorial hall in the shrine, such as Gu Chenghui, Empty City Plan and Lu Bu in World War III. There are 40 bluestones embedded under the mural, and the stone carving Yue Fei's calligraphy "Teacher's Watch" is vigorous and powerful. In front of the stone, there is an inscription by Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, praising Yue Fei: "Pure and unpretentious, writing is like a person". (Some say it's from Longzhong, Xiangyang, and some say it's from Nanyang. Hard to be sure? )

Eat melons and keep seeds.

There used to be a rule in Xiangyang that when you entered the watermelon garden, you can eat enough melons, but you can't take them away. Legend has it that this "rule" was also asked by Ge Liang to stay.

Legend has it that the watermelon planted by Zhuge Liang is big, sweet and sour. Anyone who comes to Longzhong as a guest and passes by must go to Guayuan to have a full meal. The old farmers around him came to learn from him the experience of growing melons. He told them unreservedly that melons should be planted in sand and covered with sesame cakes or sesame oil. Many people came to him for melon seeds, because they didn't pay attention to keeping them before, so many people had to go home disappointed. The next year, the watermelon garden opened again. He put a sign in the ground that said, "Eat the melon well and leave the melon seeds."

Zhuge Liang washed and dried melon seeds and distributed them to nearby melon farmers. At present, watermelons in Hu Jiajia, Changfeng and Xiaofuzhou on the sandy land on both sides of Hanshui River are still very famous, with big head, thin skin and sweet taste. Some places still abide by the old rule of "eat melons and keep seeds".

Zhuge Liang captured Meng Huo seven times.

Zhuge Liang's office is located in Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province. Zhuge Liang fought in the north, captured Meng Huo seven times and pacified the south.

After the battle of Yiling, Liu Bei died of anger. Yizhou County (now eastern Yunnan), a powerful Han nationality, took this opportunity to bravely attach Shu to Wu, inciting Meng Huo, the leader of Yizhou County's ethnic minorities, and surrounding counties to revolt. In order to stabilize the rear, Zhuge Liang made full preparations. In the spring of 225 A.D., the soldiers were divided into three roads and marched toward Nanzhong (now Yunnan, Guizhou and southwestern Sichuan belong to the south of Bashu, so it was called Nanzhong). Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su, who joined the army, "siege is the top, siege is the bottom;" After killing other rebel leaders, he crossed Lushui in May (now Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province to Jinyang Section of Jinsha River) and captured Meng Huo alive in Pandong (now Qujing and Luxi, Yunnan Province).

Meng Huo has a high prestige among local ethnic minorities and Han people. If he can be persuaded, the south will be stabilized and Shu's worries will be relieved. So Zhuge Liang not only didn't kill Meng Huo, but also took him to visit the camp of the Shu army. Meng Huo, on the other hand, raved: "I only hate that I didn't know your truth or falsehood before, so I was defeated." Thank you for showing me around your camp. If so, I will beat you. " Zhuge Liang heard Meng Huo's words and knew that he was not convinced, so he immediately sent him back to fight again. After such a battle, he was recaptured and captured. When he was captured for the seventh time, he still let Meng Huo rally and fight to the end. At this time, Meng Huo jumped in front of Zhuge Liang and said, "Sir, it's really amazing. We will never rebel again." Zhuge Liang saw that Meng Huo was finally persuaded and recommended him to be an official in Chengdu.

Fengjie Bai Di City-Liu Bei Orphan Water Eight Arrays.

Baidicheng is located at the mouth of Qutang Gorge, the first gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Located in the north of Kuimen, at the throat of Sichuan and Hubei, as a military town to be guarded, it has a vast territory and a long history. It was the first century AD (the end of the Western Han Dynasty), and Gongsun Shu called himself "Bai Di" according to Shu, and built a city here. In the Three Kingdoms, Emperor Liu Bei of Shu defeated Wu Bing, retreated to Baidicheng and died in Yong 'an Palace. Before he died, he entrusted state affairs (half of the country) and family affairs (only orphans are alive) to Prime Minister Zhuge Liang. This is China's famous "Liu Bei entrust an orphan". The existing Bai Di Temple is built in the Qing Dynasty, such as Liang Mingtang, Wuhou Temple, Tuogu Hall and Xingsu Pavilion. , promoting historical celebrities related to "trusting orphans" in many ways.

These eight water arrays are located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, about six miles east of fengjie county. According to legend, Zhuge Liang once built a stone on the dam to form an eight-array map, commonly known as the "eight-water array." On the array map, there are eight rows of stone bases, two feet apart, and there are sixty-four bases.

Zhuge Liang and the Empty City Plan

Zhuge Liang's empty city plan can be found in Chapter 95 of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Ma Su refused to remonstrate and lost the street pavilion, and the marquis of Wu played the piano and retired".

Zhuge Liang's empty city plan first appeared not in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but in the Notes on the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou, the official history (Guo Chong's Three Things).