Sandstorm prone area

Sandstorm weather mostly occurs in inland desert areas, and the main source is the Sahara desert. The midwest of North America and Australia are also one of the sources of sandstorms. 1933- 1937 Due to severe drought, a famous bowl-shaped sandstorm occurred in the midwest of North America.

Asian sandstorm activity centers are mainly located in the Jordanian desert, Lower Mesopotamia between Baghdad and the northern coast of the Gulf, the southern Iranian coast near Abbas and the northern Afghan plain. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan in Central Asia of the former Soviet Union are often affected by sandstorms, but their centers are all on the sandy plain between Caspian Sea, Aral Sea and Amu Darya River. In China, there are two sandstorm-prone areas.

The first frequent area is in the northwest, mainly concentrated in three areas, namely, the surrounding area of Tarim Basin, Turpan-Hami Basin passing through Hexi Corridor, Ningxia Plain to northern Shaanxi, Alashan Plateau, Hetao Plain and Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia.

The second frequent area is in North China, Chifeng and Zhangjiakou, which directly affects the safety of the capital Beijing.

The sandstorm in China is getting more and more serious, which is mainly caused by unreasonable land development and unreasonable farming. With the increase of population and inadequate management, a large amount of land in northwest and north China has been reclaimed, grasslands have been overgrazed, and natural vegetation has been destroyed artificially, resulting in a large number of bare and loose land, which provides a large number of dust sources for the occurrence of sandstorms. Once a strong wind occurs, it will affect society and endanger people's health.

Li Huang, deputy director of China Meteorological Bureau, announced to the media that the northwest of China is also a frequent sandstorm area because of its unique geographical environment. The main source areas are Gurbantunggut Desert, Taklimakan Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Wulanbuhe Desert and Mu Us Desert. From 1999 to the spring of 2002, there were 55 times 12 sandstorms in China, of which 3 times/kloc-0 originated in the Gobi area in central and southern Mongolia. In other words, about 60% of the sandstorms that ravage China every year come from abroad. In the spring of 2002, there were 12 sandstorms in the northern part of China. It has three characteristics: concentrated occurrence period, strong occurrence intensity and wide influence range. The sources of dust weather affecting China can be divided into two types: overseas and domestic. The analysis shows that two-thirds of the dusty weather originated in southern Mongolia and was supplemented by dusty materials when passing through northern China. The sand source in China is only about one third. The dusty weather in Central Asia (Kazakhstan) is unlikely to affect the eastern part of Northwest China or even North China. The Taklimakan Desert in southern Xinjiang is a high incidence area of sandstorm weather in China, but it generally does not affect the eastern part of northwest China and North China. The dust weather path in China can be divided into northwest path, west path and north path: northwest path 1. Dust weather generally originates from the central and western plateau of Mongolia or Alashan Plateau in western Inner Mongolia, and mainly affects northwest and north China. Northwest Route 2. Dust weather originated in southern Mongolia or central and western Inner Mongolia, mainly affecting the eastern part of northwest China, northern North China and most of northeast China; To the west, dusty weather originated in Gobi area in southwest or south Mongolia and desert area in western Inner Mongolia, mainly affecting northwest and north China. In the northerly route, dusty weather generally originates in the vast area south of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, and mainly affects the eastern part of northwest China, most of north China and southeast China. There are four sandstorm-prone areas in the world, namely North America, Oceania, Central Asia and the Middle East.

The deserts in North America are mainly distributed in the western United States and northern Mexico. In the desert arid area bordering the desert, sandstorms occur from time to time, and even the famous black storm broke out in the Great Plains. The main causes of sandstorms in North America are improper land use and persistent drought. In 1930s, a big sandstorm happened in the Great Plains of the western United States, which was called the Black Storm. In the worst sandstorm in American history, the Great Plains lost 300 million tons of fertile soil. After the disaster, many towns became uninhabited empty cities. Many people were forced to move to California, which triggered the largest immigration wave in American history. Australia is an arid country, and 74.8% of its land area belongs to arid and semi-arid areas. Sandstorms occur most frequently in the coastal areas of central and western Australia, with an average of five times a year. Due to the dry climate, farming and grazing in many places, the soil surface lacks vegetation coverage, which leads to the gradual desertification of the land. Once the wind blows, sandstorms will happen. The desert area in Central Asia is also expanding. The five Central Asian countries are serious desertification areas with a total area of nearly 4 million square kilometers. Due to the rapid increase of population, over-irrigation water, deforestation, overgrazing, grassland degradation and desertification are very serious. The area of saline soil in Central Asia is very vast, reaching 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers, resulting in the mixed occurrence of sandstorms and salt dust storms. Sandstorms in the Middle East are mainly on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert in Africa. From the early 1970s to the mid-1980s, due to successive years of drought and overgrazing and reclamation, grasslands were degraded, fields were deserted, desertified land spread, sandstorms intensified, and people's living environment deteriorated sharply. Frequent sandstorms have also affected other regions, some of which have been blown across the Atlantic Ocean to the Amazon region of South America, and some have been blown to Europe.