Geographical environment of Qiaodong District

Qiaodong District is located in the eastern half of Zhangjiakou City, named after it is located on the east side of Qingshui River. It is located between 4012' ~ 40 48' north latitude and114 52' ~115 31'east longitude. It faces the High-tech Zone in the south and qiaoxi district across the Qingshui River in the west. This area is about five kilometers wide from east to west and nine kilometers long from north to south. The terrain of Qiaodong District is gently inclined from northeast to southwest, and the terrain is flat.

Qiaodong District People's Government is located at No.31Shengli Middle Road, Qiaodong District. 1, climate characteristics

The climate of Qiaodong District is characterized by continental monsoon climate in cold and humid areas, with cold and dry winter, hot and little rain in summer, heavy sandstorm in spring and fresh air in autumn. Because the northern and western parts of this area are shallow mountainous areas and the western part is the hinterland of the city, the terrain gap between the east and the west is large, the ground properties are quite different, and the microclimate characteristics dominated by urban effects are also very obvious.

2. Temperature

The average annual temperature in Qiaodong District is between 7℃ and 8℃, 8.9℃ in autumn, -6.5℃ in winter, 5438+10 in June and 23.7℃ in July. The extreme maximum temperature is 40.9℃ (1July 24th, 955).

3. sunshine

The annual sunshine hours are 282 1.6 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 64%. Solar altitude angle: 72 39' in summer solstice, 25 47' in winter solstice, 9 hours and 6 minutes in winter solstice and 65,438+05 hours and 8 minutes in summer solstice. The annual total radiation is about 140 kcal/cm2.

4. Accumulated temperature

The accumulated temperature in Qiaodong area is about 3600℃ above 0℃, 3450℃ above 5℃, 3200℃ above 10℃ and 2600℃ above 15℃.

5. Frost period

The frost-free period of the whole year is 144 days, the first day of light frost is September 25th, and the whole day is May 15 days. The first day of heavy frost is 10+00, and the whole day is April 24th.

Step 6 precipitate

The annual average precipitation is 403.6 mm, with the maximum value of 648 mm (1955) and the minimum value of 228. 1 mm (1984). 70% of the rainfall is concentrated in June, July and August, and the rainfall in July and August generally accounts for 50% of the total annual rainfall. The precipitation is 50 ~ 60mm in spring, about 280mm in summer, 60 ~ 70mm in autumn and 5 ~ 10mm in winter.

7. Wind power

Affected by the geographical location of the edge of Inner Mongolia Plateau and North China Plain, Qiaodong District is in a windy zone, with an average windy day of more than 22.7 days per year. The wind direction is mainly northwest wind and southeast wind, northwest wind in winter and southeast wind in summer. The average wind speed is about 2.5 meters per second. Due to the dry climate and low water content in the surface soil, windy weather is often accompanied by dust. Qiaodong District is located in the eastern half of Zhangjiakou City. The whole area is long in north and south and narrow in east and west. It is irregular fish-shaped, inclining from northeast to southwest. The first and second terraces of Daqing River impact type are distributed in the western part, and the Yanshan residual veins in the eastern part gradually accumulate and gradually decrease, with a large surface gradient of 3% ~ 4%. The ground is 560-800 meters above sea level.

Qiaodong area is located in the sub-section of Sino-Korean paraplatform active zone, Sinian geosyncline and Yanshan subsidence zone. It mainly belongs to Mesozoic Jurassic Cretaceous. The stratum lithology is exposed brown clay, loam and yellow-brown sandy soil river impact zone or mixed with gravel, with deep soil layer and rich water and fertilizer, forming a soil foundation suitable for the growth of various plants and crops. I. Surface water

There are three rivers in Qiaodong District: Qingshui River, Dongsha River and Qilishan Canal.

1, Qingshui River (also known as Tongqiao River according to Wanquan County Records), commonly known as Daqing River. The river belongs to Yongding River system and originated from Chongli. According to Shuijing, "the water source of Ning Chuan originates from the northeast of Taiping Village in the southwest of Simantuling in Dushikou, and flows to the southwest about 70km north of Zhangjiakou". Water from Xigou and Donggou in the northwest and northeast always meets at Dajingmen in the north, then flows south through Hanqing Bridge (now called jiefang bridge), Tongqiao Bridge (now called Qinghe Bridge), Jingsui Railway Bridge (now called Oriental Red Bridge) and passes through Gaomiao. On sunny days, the water is flowing, and on rainy days, the flood peak is diarrhea. During the flood, the water quality was turbid and rich in organic matter, so irrigation was particularly good. Therefore, rivers flow through villages and more canals are opened to draw water, so the irrigated land is very fertile. The total length of the urban area is 19 km, which is the boundary river between Qiaodong and Qiaoxi, with an average annual flow of 3.8 cubic meters per second. In the southwest of Shalingzi Town, it flows into Yanghe River of Yongding River system. Due to the dry weather and less precipitation, the water consumption of farmland irrigation and enterprises has increased correspondingly, and the runoff has been decreasing day by day. Coastal enterprises and residents have discharged untreated wastewater into rivers, which has caused serious water pollution.

2. Dongsha River, located 4.25 kilometers northeast of the government residence in Qiaodong District. Originated in Dongshan (Rentou Mountain), it flows through the urban area and joins the Yanghe River at Ningyuanbao. The river is a seasonal rain and flood river with a drainage area of 12.6 square kilometers. The maximum flow of rain and flood in normal years is about 65 cubic meters per second. According to legend, it was named Dongsha River because it was located in the east of Zhangjiakou Fort in Qing Dynasty.

3. Qilishan Canal, 6.3 kilometers away from the resident of the district government, starts from Qingshui River in the north, reaches Meijiaying in Xuanhua County in the south, and the northern section flows through the urban area, with a total length of 23 kilometers.

Second, groundwater.

Due to the characteristics of plateau mountains and intermountain basins, the distribution of underground aquifers is uneven, and it is difficult to form a large area aquifer. The original groundwater stock is not much, and enterprises over-exploit and use their own water, and the groundwater level has dropped significantly. All the natural springs have dried up. The annual dynamic precipitation supply can't get the corresponding supply because there are too many dry years, and the exploitation amount is decreasing year by year. Moreover, the sewage and garbage discharged by urban enterprises and residents directly and indirectly aggravate the pollution degree of groundwater resources. 1, Yuershan

Yushan, also known as Dongshan. Peak height1243.5m and valley height 807m.. It is located in the northeast of the city, 7 kilometers away from the seat of Qiaodong District Government. It is located at 40 49' ~ 40 50' north latitude and114 52' ~114 53' east longitude. It is 86 1.9 meters above sea level and covers an area of 4,000 square meters. It looks like a diamond, extending from northwest to southeast. Because there is a sand stone on the mountainside, it looks like a fish after the rain, so it is named Fish Mountain, also called Taiping Mountain, which means that the world is peaceful.

2. East Taiping Mountain

East Taiping Mountain, located 7.75km away from Qiaodong District Government in the east of the city, is 40 49 ′ ~ 40 50 ′ north latitude and114 52 ′ ~14 53 ′ east longitude. It is 896 meters above sea level. It covers an area of 5000 square meters. It is a branch of Yinshan Hot Tea Branch, which runs from northwest to southeast. Because it is in the east of the city, it is named Dongshan. According to the Records of Chahar Province, the East Taiping Mountain is also called the East High Mountain.

3. Dongshan

Dongshan, located 4. 15km southeast of the government residence in Qiaodong District, is 40 47' ~ 40 48' north latitude and114 53' ~14 54' east longitude. The highest elevation of this mountain is 896 meters. It is named because it is located in the east of Zhangjiakou city.

4. camel mountain

Camel Mountain, located 0.6km northeast of Hongqilou Sub-district Office, is located at 40 47' ~ 40 48' north latitude and114 53' ~14 55' east longitude, with an altitude of 885.6m..

5. Dongsha River

Dongsha River (also known as Changdiangou) is located 4.25 kilometers southeast of Qiaodong District government residence. It starts at 40 48 ′ n,114 53 ′ e and ends at 40 46 ′ n,1/4 53 ′ e, showing a northeast-southwest trend. It is a river with a length of 4.5 kilometers, a width of 5 meters and a depth of 3 meters. The bottom is sandy and the sediment quality is seasonal.

6. Dahulingou

Dahulin 'gou is located 5.8km east of the government residence in Qiaodong District, at the head end of 40 50' N and 1 14 53' E, and at the end of 40 50' N and 1 14 53' E, it is 0.25mm long. Sandstone basement, starting from the top of the ditch in the east and reaching Qilishan Canal in the west. According to legend, there are many trees in the ditch, and there are tigers in the forest, so it is named Hulingou, and because of the large ditch, it is commonly known as "Big Hulingou".

7. Laohulingou

Hulin gully is located 6.25km east of the government residence in Qiaodong District, starting at 40 53' N114 53' N and ending at 40 50' N114 53' N with a length of 0.28km. From the top of the ditch in the east to the Qilishan Canal in the west. Derived from Hulingou, a Hulingou is arranged from north to south.

8. Erhulingou

Erhulingou is located 6.25km east-northwest of the government residence in Qiaodong District, with a length of 0.25km and a width of 25km. It starts at 40 50' north latitude and114 53' east longitude and ends at 40 50' north latitude and114 east longitude. Gravel basement, starting from the top of the ditch in the east and reaching Qilishan Canal in the west.

9. Wulangmiaogou

Wulangmiaogou is located 4.78km northeast of the government residence in Qiaodong District, starting at 40 49' north latitude and ending at 40 49' north latitude, east longitude 1 14 53', east longitude 1 14 53' ... northeast to southwest. It is 365 meters long, 20 meters wide and 3.9 meters deep. Sandy basement, starting from the top of the ditch in the northeast and ending in the back street of Yuershan Road in the southwest. According to legend, in the Song Dynasty, there were five temples, namely Yuershan, Shuiquangou and Dongyaozi. This ditch was named after the five temples in Yuershan.

10, driveway ditch

The driveway ditch is located 5.0 1 km northeast of the government residence in Qiaodong District, starting at 40 49' north latitude and ending at 40 49' north latitude,114 52' east longitude and114 53' east longitude. The sandstone basement starts at the top of the ditch in the northeast and ends at the back street of Yuershan in the southwest. So there is a snake in the ditch, named snake ditch, and because of the local dialect, the snake sound is pronounced "car", commonly known as "driveway ditch"

Moshigou 1 1

Moshigou is located 5.32km south-northeast of the government building in Qiaodong District, starting at 40 49' north latitude and ending at 40 49' north latitude, east longitude 1 14 54', east longitude 1 14 54' ... from northeast to southwest, it is 0. Gravel basement, ditch roof on the northeast side and Lingyuan Road (now Linyuan Road) on the southwest side. The stones in this ditch can be used to make millstones, hence the name millstones ditch.

Fengtiangou 12

Fengtiangou, located 5.25km east of Fuya in Qiaodong District, starts at 40 49 ′ north latitude and ends at 40 49 ′ north latitude, east longitude14 54 ′, with a north-south trend of 0.5km long and 30m wide. The sandstone basement of Dongyaozi Village starts from the top of the ditch in the north and ends at the bottom of the ditch in the south.

Shuiquangou 13

Shuiquangou is located 4.3km northeast of the government residence in Qiaodong District, starting at 40 49' north latitude and ending at 40 49' north latitude, east longitude114 54', east longitude114 53' ... East-west, long. In the sandy basement, there used to be a spring water flowing all year round. In recent years, springs have dried up due to the exploitation of groundwater. Now it is a seasonal river, starting from Dongshan in the east and reaching Dongsha River in the west. Legend has it that spring water flowed out of the ditch in the early years, hence the name.

Qilishan Canal 14

Qilishan Canal, located 6.3km away from Fuya in Qiaodong District, starts at 40 48 ′ north latitude and ends at 40 46 ′ north latitude, east longitude114 54 ′ north-south, with a length of 8.78km, a width of 4m and a depth of 3m in the urban area. Sandy pebble foundation, 1958, excavated manually. The canal starts from Qingshui River at the foot of East Taiping Mountain in the north, ends at Meijiaying in Xuanhua County in the south, and runs through the urban area in the north, with a total length of 23 kilometers. It is named after digging along Qili Mountain. When Comrade Guo Moruo visited Zhang in 1958, he wrote an inscription for him: "Qilishan Canal". Up to now, the inscription tablet stands next to the ruins of the middle section of Daqu (the canal was abandoned in 2008).