When did an earthquake of magnitude 8.2 occur in San Francisco? Urgent need! !

1989 10 6 17, a major earthquake occurred in San Francisco, USA, with a magnitude of 6.9 on the Richter scale, killing more than 270 people. This is the second largest earthquake experienced by the continental United States in this century, second only to the world-famous 1906 San Francisco earthquake with magnitude 8.6. According to the measurement, the epicenter was located at 16 km north of Santa Cruz on the edge of the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake affected most parts of California from San Francisco to Sacramento. In addition, there was a big earthquake in San Francisco before 1906.

1989 65438+ 10/0/7

According to the preliminary statistics of the San Francisco earthquake in 1989, the death toll of the earthquake exceeded 270, and the economic loss was estimated to be 10 billion dollars. In addition, millions of residents lack

Neither electricity nor computer can be used, and the traffic jam is serious, which affects normal work and life. At present, disaster relief is in progress. The earthquake cut off traffic and damaged the San Francisco International Airport. Roads, bridges, airports and high-speed rail in the Gulf are temporarily closed. In and around San Francisco, high-rise buildings sway from side to side, and glass fragments are scattered all over the floor. A building in the Bay Area collapsed. There have been several fires in this city, and the fire in mariner is raging. The water pipe was damaged and the fire fighting work was blocked. When the earthquake happened, the third baseball game was being held at Candlestick Park Stadium in San Francisco. There is no major damage after site vibration 15 seconds. 62,000 spectators celebrated their escape from the disaster.

bridge

Crossing the waters in Golden Gate Bay, connecting downtown San Francisco and Berkeley, the bridge called "Bay Bridge" by locals was damaged in the earthquake. Many cars galloped head-on on this special double-decker bridge, and they were caught off guard for a while, and the cars on the upper floor fell to the lower floor one after another, causing great losses. At the same time, the mouth of the Golden Gate Bay, which the local people call the "Bay Bridge", is also known as the Golden Gate Bridge, and it also vibrates violently up and down. Thanks to the good structural performance of this huge steel cable suspension bridge, it has withstood the test of the earthquake without any special accidents.

1989 10 October 20th

10 10 On October 20th, US President Bush visited the earthquake-stricken area in San Francisco Bay, California, and called on residents to "help each other between friends and neighbors" to tide over the difficulties. Bush mainly inspected the disasters in San Jose, Oakland, San Francisco and Santa Cruz, and met with local people and rescuers at the scene of the double-deck bridge fracture on Interstate 880 in Oakland. He said that the serious disaster caused by the earthquake far exceeded his expectations. 654381October 20, there were still slight aftershocks in the disaster area. Thousands of people in densely populated areas still spend the night at friends' homes or hide in public places arranged by the government. Meanwhile, government authorities and a large number of volunteers in San Francisco and other places are continuing to do their best to help the victims. The engineering team is busy repairing bridges and roads, demolishing dangerous houses and repairing water and electricity pipelines. The search for the dead and wounded buried in the ruins is also stepping up. The White House has allocated more than $300 million for emergency assistance; Congress is raising at least $2.5 billion for disaster relief. California officials believe that all property losses are conservatively estimated at $3 billion; The local insurance company estimated the total amount at $4 billion. The governor of California said he could make up for the loss by raising taxes.

1989 10 10/2/day.

On June 265438+1October 2 1 day, a strong aftershock of magnitude 4.6 occurred again in San Francisco, according to the report of USGS Center. The epicenter is about 80 kilometers away from San Francisco Bay, close to the source of the June 17 earthquake with a magnitude of 6.9. According to statistics, more than 2,000 aftershocks have occurred in San Francisco since the June 5438+07 earthquake.

Edit this section 1906 San Francisco earthquake

1906 April

Time:1April, 906 18 5: 00 am local time, magnitude: 7.7-7.9 on the Richter scale, duration: 45-60 seconds. Epicenter: San Andreas fault, 476 km long disaster: dry weather caused the fire to burn for three days, and 28,000 of the 53,000 houses in the city were destroyed, with nearly 48,000 in the city.

Overview of situation

1906 the San Francisco earthquake occurred at about 5 am on April/April/February 18, with a magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter scale. The epicenter was located on the San Andreas fault near San Francisco. The power of earthquakes can be felt from Oregon to Los Angeles, California and even inland Nevada. The earthquake and subsequent fire caused serious losses to San Francisco, which can be said to be one of the most serious natural disasters suffered by major cities in American history. At that time, government officials were worried that if the real death toll was announced, the land price would fall and the severely damaged San Francisco City Hall would be affected. The photo was taken on1April 20th, 906.

Everything needed to build this city, so the fabricated death toll is only 478. Today, the death toll is conservatively estimated at more than 3,000, and some even estimate it as high as 6,000. Most of the casualties were concentrated in San Francisco, while about 189 people died in other San Francisco Bay areas. Santa rosa, San Jose and Stanford University also suffered serious damage. Of these 400,000 people, about 225,000 to 300,000 are homeless, and about half of them left the Bay Area for Auckland. The newspaper described the Golden Gate Park, the handle park and the temporary tents on the beach from Ingersoll Side to North Beach. Earthquakes of this magnitude were clearly recorded in photos for the first time, which also made the scientific research of seismology flourish later. Overall, the losses caused by the earthquake at that time were estimated to be as high as $400 million.

Fire after the earthquake

1April, 906 18 at 5: 00 a.m. 15, an earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale occurred in San Francisco. The earthquake lasted only 75 seconds, and then San Francisco was almost in ruins. Even more frightening, a fire broke out shortly after the earthquake, which made the post-earthquake San Francisco worse. Compared with this earthquake and its subsequent aftershocks, the subsequent fires caused greater property losses. Street view after San Francisco earthquake

There have been many fires in the park, some caused by earthquakes, some by arson, or by bonfires in temporary tents. Because insurance companies only compensate for fire losses but not earthquake losses, some homeowners set fire to their houses damaged in the earthquake in order to get compensation. Captain Leonard D. Werderman of the US Army Information Department mentioned in his report that a fireman told his neighbors that their house was being burned down. Because they were told that the house damaged by the earthquake would not be compensated unless it caught fire. In the city center, several similar fires mixed into a bigger fire. At that time, a reporter reported that people in other places should understand that there was not a fire somewhere in San Francisco, but the whole city of San Francisco was on fire. The fire finally destroyed more than 500 buildings on Van Niss Avenue in the city center. Winnipeg Avenue is a main road that divides San Francisco into two and goes straight to the coast of San Francisco. The fire burned for three days and nights, and everything was destroyed within an area of about 8 square kilometers. Under the double blow of fire and earthquake, San Francisco experienced an unprecedented catastrophe. Since then, San Francisco has experienced other earthquakes. However, the disaster at the beginning of last century was the biggest nightmare for San Francisco people 100 years. At that time, there were false reports that Mayor Eugene Schmitz and General Frederic Fenston issued martial law. In fact, the mayor just issued an order allowing the police and soldiers to shoot the robbers on the spot. In all, about 500 people were shot. The government also tried its best to control the fire. They used the method of blowing up the buildings on the edge of the fire area to create isolation zones, but contrary to expectations, gunpowder often caused fires without destroying buildings. The earthquake was very violent, and the houses inside and outside the city collapsed like cards. Although the architectural structure of San Francisco is different from that of Tokyo before, it also caused a fire during the earthquake. At that time, more than 50 places in the city suddenly caught fire. Brave firemen risked the collapse of houses on both sides and rushed to the scene quickly, turning on the tap to put out the fire, but not a drop of water came out. Only then did people notice that all the thick underground water pipes buried underground were broken. The situation underground is as chaotic as that on the ground. The destructive power originally came from underground, and people should have thought of it long ago. As the water supply system is still in a state of paralysis, the fire station can only use very limited resources. Desperate firemen were helpless. Seeing that the fire was getting worse and worse, they had to use the gap in the street to try their best to put out the fire, in an attempt to limit the fire to a few blocks and prevent it from spreading. But there are too many fire heads and too few firefighters in the city, so it is impossible to get what you want without paying attention to one thing. The fire finally got out of control, and the flame jumped over the narrow street, quickly licked the opposite block and spread to other places. The fire burned for three days and nights, devouring about 10 square kilometers of the city. Firefighters made up their minds, gritted their teeth and blasted a wide fire area around the fire area with gunpowder, and finally controlled the fire, so that San Francisco was not completely destroyed by the fire like Tokyo after 17.

Resettlement of victims

The camp of the soup kitchen.

The US Army has built 5,665,438+00 mahogany and fir relief houses. These houses designed for 20,000 homeless people were designed by John McClair. Relief houses are divided into 1 1 areas, which are built in a similar way and then rented out to people at a monthly rent of $2 until their homes are rebuilt. These relief houses are all grass green, on the one hand, to coordinate with the surrounding environment, on the other hand, because the troops have a lot of green paint on hand. At the peak, the number of people received by these shelters was as high as 16448. But by 1907, most people had moved out of the soup kitchen. Later, these relief houses were reused as garages, warehouses, or shops.

Edit this paragraph for the rest of my life, centenary.

1April, 906 18 at 5: 00 a.m. 15, an earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Richter scale occurred in San Francisco. The earthquake lasted only 75 seconds, and then San Francisco was almost in ruins. Even more frightening, a fire broke out shortly after the earthquake, which made the post-earthquake San Francisco worse. The fire burned for three days and nights, and everything was destroyed within an area of about 8 square kilometers. Under the double blow of fire and earthquake, San Francisco experienced an unprecedented catastrophe. Since then, San Francisco has experienced other earthquakes. However, the disaster at the beginning of last century was the biggest nightmare for San Francisco people 100 years. 100 years later, the rebuilt San Francisco has no traces of the pain of that year. In the process of reconstruction, some famous buildings have sprung up and become new symbols of San Francisco and the United States. The rebuilt San Francisco is enough to cheer the world up, but that gloomy day has become a lingering pain in the history of San Francisco. On April 4th, a report in the Los Angeles Times revealed that the propaganda in San Francisco deliberately concealed some dark history during the reconstruction process, including the fact that Chinese residents were stopped or even shot when rebuilding the Chinatown in San Francisco. The report said that the San Francisco city government has been concealing the losses caused by the earthquake and fire for a long time in the past and has not clarified the death toll. Until recently, it admitted that the death toll was as high as 3000. Hudson, director of the California Research Center in California, said that at present, the San Francisco municipal government is actively holding the centennial commemoration of the great earthquake, mainly because it is worried about the arrival of another great earthquake after Hurricane Katrina last year, so it is willing to admit the catastrophic damage caused by the great earthquake a century ago, hoping to "intimidate" the people and ask them to take measures to prevent the earthquake.