Climatic conditions for developing agriculture in Heilongjiang Province

In early September, soybeans in Heilongjiang Province are in the stage of filling to maturity, which requires high temperature and sufficient sunshine. In these ten days, the temperature in most parts of our province is normally low, with less precipitation and sufficient sunshine. It belongs to the agricultural climate with normal temperature and little rain, and the accumulated temperature is about 20- 120℃ higher than last year. The meteorological conditions in the first ten years of this decade are favorable for soybean grain filling. From May to the beginning of September, the temperature in most agricultural areas is normally high, with less precipitation and sufficient sunshine, and soybeans are growing well.

In May, drought in southwest China and floods in east and north China were not conducive to soybean sowing, seedling emergence and seedling growth. In June, most of the soil in Songnen Plain was dry and soybean grew slowly. From July to early September, the light and temperature conditions in most agricultural areas of our province are suitable, which promotes the growth and development of soybeans and is conducive to grain filling and yield formation.

Overview of weather, climate and meteorological disasters

1. temperature

In these ten days, the temperature in our province is usually very low. The average temperature in Daxing 'anling and Xiaoxing 'anling ranges from 10 ~ 15℃, while the average temperature in other areas ranges from 15 ~ 18℃. Compared with the same period of last year, Gannan, Longjiang, Jiayin, Zhaodong, Shangzhi and Jidong are higher 1℃, while northern Daxing 'anling, northern Harbin, southern Suihua, northern Sanjiang Plain and Shuangcheng, Zhaoyuan, Fuyu, Yichun, Tieli, Keshan and Baiquan are lower 1℃, and most other areas are the same as in previous years.

Compared with the same period of last year, the temperature in most agricultural areas is low 1 ~ 2℃. By the end of early September, the accumulated temperature in most agricultural areas of the province was ≥ 10℃ between 2300 ~ 2700℃, including 2300 ~ 2500℃ in the north of Songnen Plain, most of Sanjiang Plain and Mudanjiang area. 2700 ~ 2900℃ in the southwest of Songnen Plain; Other agricultural areas are 2500 ~ 2700℃. Compared with the same period of last year, the temperature in most agricultural areas is 20 ~ 120℃.

Step 2 precipitate

There is less precipitation in our province these ten days. The precipitation in the southwest of Songnen Plain and counties (cities) such as Ning 'an, Jixi and Baoqing is below 10mm, and the precipitation in northern Qiqihar, most of Heihe River, most of Harbin, most of Yichun, most of Hegang, Huanan, Huachuan, Hulin, Mudanjiang, Cyclobalanopsis and Jiagedaqi is 20 ~ 40 mm, and the precipitation in other areas is 65438+.

Compared with the same period of last year, most agricultural areas are 20-80% less. Compared with the same period of last year, except Keshan, Nehe, Duerbert, Nenjiang and Mudanjiang, which are more than 1 ~ 2 times, most areas are 30 ~ 90% less.

3. sunshine

The sunshine hours in our province are unevenly distributed in these ten days. The sunshine hours in the west of Songnen Plain and Hulan, Binxian, Harbin, Shuangcheng, Shangzhi, Tonghe, Yilan, Tangyuan, Jiamusi, Huachuan, Baoqing, Fujin, Tongjiang, Jixi and Xunke are 80- 100 hours, and most other agricultural areas are 60-79 hours.

Compared with the same period of last year, except for some counties (cities) in the east, 1 ~ 7 hours is less, and most other areas are about 5 ~ 30 hours more.

Second, the analysis of soil moisture

According to the analysis of the results of supplementary soil moisture measurement on September 3, most counties (cities) in the province have normal soil moisture. Only some counties (cities) in Songnen Plain are still in a state of drought, and the soils in Shuangcheng, Keshan, Fuyuan and Wuchang are waterlogged.

Three. Overview of Agrometeorology in Main Producing Areas

1. Major soybean producing areas in western China (Daxinganling, Heihe and Qiqihar)

The average temperature 14.9℃ in the ten-day period in western soybean producing areas is 0 ~ 1℃ lower than that in the same period of last year and 4.9℃ lower than that in late August, and the temperature drop is obvious. The accumulated temperature is sufficient, 2200 ~ 2300℃ in the north and 2400 ~ 2700℃ in the south. Soybean is still in the grain filling stage and begins to shed leaves.

The precipitation is less, except for Nenjiang and Keshan, where the rainfall is 30 ~ 40mm, which is slightly more. In most other areas, the ten-day rainfall is less than 20 mm, and there is drought. Gannan, Longjiang, Tailai and other places have severe droughts. Most soybeans enter the stage of bulging to maturity. Low temperature is not conducive to bulging and filling of soybeans, and drought has little effect.

2. Major soybean producing areas (Harbin, Suihua and Yichun)

The temperature in the middle soybean producing area was slightly lower in early September, with an average of 15.9℃, which was 0~ 1℃ lower than normal, and the temperature dropped rapidly, with a drop of 4.8℃ compared with late August. The accumulated temperature is 2450 ~ 2700℃, which is more than last year.

The distribution of precipitation is uneven, and the ten-day rainfall in most areas is about 15 ~ 25mm. Most soil moisture is normal.

Most soybeans enter the stage of bulging to maturity, and drought and flood have little effect. Sufficient sunshine is more favorable, mostly first-class seedlings.

3. Eastern soybean producing areas (Jiamusi, Shuangyashan, Jixi, Hegang and Mudanjiang)

In early September, the average temperature in the eastern soybean producing areas was 65438 06.4℃, which was 0 ~ 65438 0℃ lower than normal and 3.9℃ lower than that in late August. The accumulated temperature is 2360 ~ 2500℃.

Less rainfall, ten-day rainfall below 20 mm, normal or dry soil moisture. In most areas, soybean is in the stage of bulging to maturity. The seedlings are in good condition, mostly of Class I and II.

Fourth, soybean yield forecast

The adjustment of crop planting area in Heilongjiang province this year is very beneficial to soybean production. The soybean planting area is 340 1 1,000 hectares, reaching the highest level in history. At the same time, the meteorological conditions are better. The temperature in Nenjiang, Nehe, Wudalianchi, Keshan and Kedong during the sowing period (early May) was 65438 0 ~ 2℃, while the temperature in most other major soybean producing areas was normally higher in May. The precipitation in soybean producing areas is basically above 30mm, and the meteorological conditions in most areas are favorable for soybean planting, but some cities and counties in the north and east are affected by waterlogged soil. From mid-May to late June, light, temperature and water in soybean producing areas are well coordinated, which is very beneficial to soybean emergence and seedling growth. Soybean grows well, and most of them are first-class seedlings. The water condition of soybean is good during flowering and pod setting, but due to more precipitation days, less light and lower temperature in some areas are not conducive to soybean flowering and pod setting. In early August, the temperature in Heihe region was 65438 0℃ lower, which had certain influence on soybean filling. Normal or high temperature in other areas is 65438 0℃, which is beneficial to soybean grouting.

According to the yield prediction model and considering various factors, the average soybean yield in the whole province is calculated to be 2082 kg/ha. According to the sowing area of 340 1, the total output is 708 1 10,000 tons, which is 206 1 10,000 tons more than the average total output in recent five years, that is, an increase of 4 1. 1%, which is a bumper year.

In the past ten years, there has been less precipitation in our province and more sunshine in most areas, which is beneficial to the filling and maturity of soybean seeds, but the perennial low temperature affects the dehydration and drying of seeds.

It is predicted that in the next 10 days, the average temperature will be about 1℃ higher than normal, and the precipitation will be about 5 mm less than normal. It is estimated that frost or frost may appear in the south of Daxinganling, Heihe and Yichun around September 20. Therefore, it is suggested that all localities should take advantage of fine weather, strengthen the field management of soybean in the later stage, and take measures to promote early maturity, so that crops can mature safely before the frost comes.