What are the customs and habits in Putian, Fujian?

Sweep the patrol to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year \x0d\ Every household in Putian conducts a "sweeping patrol" (sweeping dust) every year before the twelfth lunar month to welcome the Spring Festival with a clean and tidy new look. This is the traditional custom of Putian people. \ x0d \ x0d \ Putian people are mostly immigrants from the Central Plains. /kloc-At the age of 0/8, some customs were similar to those in the Central Plains, while others were gradually formed in the social practice of production and life after moving here. At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, in order to celebrate the bumper harvest in the past year and celebrate the New Year cleanly and happily, every household should carry out a general cleaning during the slack season in 65438+February of the lunar calendar, commonly known as "sweeping patrol" (sweeping dust). It means cleaning up dirt and patrolling again. \ x0d \ x0d \ Putian dialect calls spring cleaning "sweeping patrol". The time of "sweeping patrol" is not uniform everywhere. People in some areas started after \ x0d \ Weiya \ (February 65438+ 16), usually1February 26th and 28th. Also in advance, they all choose a sunny day in the "double day" ("double day" is the auspicious number of Puxian people). As the saying goes, "make up thousands of things, clean up and see your ancestors" and "sweep away and see your ancestors". Move everything that can be moved at home outdoors, wash it first, and then let the sun dry it. Then tie branches (with leaves) indoors with bamboo poles to make a big broom and clean every room. This is called "sweeping patrol". Some areas are not restricted, from the first day of the twelfth lunar month to the end of the year. People generally choose weekends and sunny days as "shopping" dates to show good luck. As a tool for "sweeping" in rural areas, reeds, sugarcane tails and straw are tied into a big broom, and a small piece of red paper is attached to the bamboo pole to clean up dirt such as dust and cobwebs attached to indoor and outdoor walls, beams, floors and ceilings. Indoor cleaning, cleaning up garbage and waste; The floor tiles were washed, and the kitchen utensils, tables and chairs, beds and other furniture, bedding and mosquito nets were all washed. Conduct a comprehensive cleaning of the room by sweeping and sweeping. \x0d\ In some areas, after the "grave-sweeping tour", the whole family will have a "powder rub" (a hodgepodge made of noodles as the main raw material and some seasonings), hoping that the whole family will be safe in the coming year. \x0d "Sweep" means cleaning up the dust and filth of the old year, welcoming the Spring Festival with a brand-new atmosphere and striding into a prosperous new year. This custom, which is beneficial to personal health and keeps the living environment clean, has been preserved by Putian people for thousands of years. \ x0d \ \ x0d \1February began to prepare to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, go out to visit relatives and go home for the "New Year". 1feb16th "making the tail teeth" is as grand as "making the head teeth". In the old days, business owners settled the wages of shop assistants to show the termination of employment contracts. After the 20th, each family chooses a sunny day (two days) for general cleaning, cleaning the sanitation inside and outside the house, and checking whether it is clean after cleaning, commonly known as "sweeping patrol". On the 23rd or 24th ("three officials and four people"), families prepare gifts to send to God, commonly known as "sending the Year" ("welcoming the Year" on the fourth day of the first month). Gifts for the chef are all sweet, among which there must be a dish of "fried fruit" (commonly known as "fruit for the New Year"), which is very sweet and put on the chef's mouth to make him eat sweet. After the founding of New China, this custom was gradually abolished. 25th, commonly known as 25th, should avoid quarreling, going out and collecting debts. People who are charitable give money and rice to the poor in the Town God Temple in Hanjiang, commonly known as "giving rice". Post Spring Festival couplets on the 28th. Spring Festival couplets are mostly written by teachers, with auspicious sentences of welcoming the spring. The "White-headed Spring Festival couplets" posted by the Han River are said to be the indiscriminate killing of the people when the Qing soldiers entered Pupu, and the families of the victims posted white couplets to mourn. During the "New Year", the Qing government forced the people to paste red couplets to praise the "New Dynasty and New Deal". When someone puts up a red couplet, they reveal an original white couplet to show their resistance. Since then, it has become a custom to paste "White-headed Spring Festival couplets". Eat red balls when you are old, starting with sweet potatoes. Red balls are stuffed with glutinous rice, mung beans or dried sweet potatoes, stuffed into edible Redmi sacrificial bags, printed into simulated "red balls" with red dots steamed on them. \x0d\ The last day of December is New Year's Eve, commonly known as "30th". At about one o'clock in the morning on New Year's Eve, every household lit red candles, curled up cigarettes and had a high fever, offering rich sacrifices to gods and ancestors, commonly known as "saying goodbye to the old year". At night, the lights are brightly lit, and the whole family eats at the same table. Relatives who have not returned home also reserved seats to express family reunion, commonly known as "surrounding the furnace." Twelve bowls of vegetables, whole chicken and whole fish; It's a piece of cake, exquisite and delicious. There is a saying that "food is thirty times". Salty worms in side dishes need ten feet, commonly known as "all ten", which means perfection. A dish of raw tofu and a dish of worms are said to be the legacy of the Miao people's livelihood in ancient Putian. Han people are afraid of children saying unlucky things on holidays. When they "surround the kitchen", they first put tofu or worms in their mouths, which is commonly known as "over-understanding". If there is a slip of the tongue, it doesn't matter what the "outsiders" (Miao people) say (this custom has long been abolished). After "surrounding the furnace", the elders give the next generation "lucky money". Children set off firecrackers and play with fireworks; Adults talk and laugh, staying up all night, commonly known as "shou sui". New Year's Eve is the last day for the poor to pay their debts, and debtors often dare not go home for the New Year. The performance of the Town God Temple in Thirty Watts lets debtors go to the theatre to avoid debts. Creditors dare not collect debts in front of the city god, commonly known as "thirty watts watching the furnace play." After the founding of New China, cleaning, posting Spring Festival couplets, offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, and gathering around the stove were still popular, but the custom of avoiding debts disappeared. \x0d\\x0d\ Others: \x0d\\x0d\ In Putian, on New Year's Eve, besides family reunion, there will be another New Year, which is called "New Year" by local people. This special Chinese New Year custom in Putian has a historical origin. Putian and Xianyou, two counties directly under the jurisdiction of Putian City, belonged to Xinghua in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, so they were customarily called Xinghua. In the forty-first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1562), the Japanese invaders occupied Fujian, the hero of the Anti-Japanese War, and occupied Yuheng in Ningde, Tian Niu in Fuqing and Linton in Putian, setting up strongholds, burning and looting everywhere. Xinghua Fucheng was captured by the Japanese army at midnight on the 29th of the lunar calendar 1 1 and occupied for two months. Xinghua city was completely burned and more than 30,000 people were killed. At that time, Putian men, women and children rebelled, were cut off by the Japanese, or burned to death and crucified. It's terrible. The Japanese thieves' inhuman atrocities shocked the world. On the 25th day of the first month of the following year, the enemy had to temporarily retreat to Pinghai because of the foul smell of corpses in the city. The fall of Xinghua City alarmed the imperial court, which was the first government city captured since the Japanese invasion. Emperor Jiajing removed the company commander in Fujian and transferred Qi Jiguang from eastern Zhejiang to vice company commander in Fujian, cooperating with the new company commander Yu in Fujian and the company commander Yu in Guangdong to suppress the enemy. \x0d\ Qi Jiguang came to Putian many times to fight against Japan and save the people, which was incompatible with each other. During the period, there were more than 60 Japanese camps at the Huangshilin Wharf in Putian, and more than 4,000 people were wiped out. The basic dust of the Japanese invasion was settled. Xinghua city was recovered. At this time, people who fled to the mountains went home on the second day of February. On the one hand, we bury the bodies of relatives and friends, on the other hand, we clean up the broken homes. At this time, New Year's Day has passed, and people will visit each other on the second day of February and reunite for the New Year on the fourth day of February. After the Japanese invasion, Lin Longjiang in Yixian donated 30 mu of land to build a holy temple in Linton to worship Qi Jiguang. 1998, Qi Jiguang Memorial Hall was listed in Fujian Yearbook. The legend of Light Cake is also a memorial to Qi Jiguang by the people. In order to commemorate the tragic history and the heroic deeds of Qi Jiguang, an anti-Japanese hero, the people of Putian agreed that New Year's Eve and the fourth day of the first month were "New Year's Eve", also called "New Year's Eve". According to historical records, Xinghua, Jiangsu Province was invaded by Japanese pirates at that time. It is said that the Japanese invaders were ordered to invade Xinghua at that time, but they did not know which Xinghua it was, so they invaded at the same time. There is no custom of "getting old" in Xinghua, Jiangsu. Therefore, the custom of "aging" in Putian can be said to be unique in the whole country. \x0d\\x0d\ Festival for Worshiping the Dead \x0d\\x0d\ On the first day of the first lunar month, relatives and friends pay New Year greetings to each other after dinner, which is called "Happy New Year" and say some auspicious words. This custom is the same as that in China. However, on the second day of the first month, people will not visit each other on this day to express their condolences to their loved ones who died in the Japanese invasion. Up to now, Putian people don't visit each other on this day every year or visit relatives and friends, for fear of bringing bad luck to others. However, we young people just choose this day for parties and other activities, just because there are few people in the street, which is just right. ) \ x0d \ x0d \ White Spring Festival couplets \ x0d \ x0d \ Sticking Spring Festival couplets is also a unique custom of China people. Is to write all kinds of auspicious wishes on red paper and stick them on both sides of the door. In China, red is a festive color. Writing Spring Festival couplets in red paper is a common habit of China people, and every family must abide by it, otherwise it will be unlucky. But in Putian, it is precisely because of this history of Japanese aggression that the custom of pasting white couplets on Spring Festival couplets is prevalent in Putian. \ x0d \ x0d \ In Putian, besides family reunion on New Year's Eve, there will be another New Year, which is called "New Year" by local people. This special Chinese New Year custom in Putian has a historical origin. Putian and Xianyou, two counties directly under the jurisdiction of Putian City, belonged to Xinghua in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, so they were customarily called Xinghua. In the forty-first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1562), the Japanese invaders occupied Fujian, the hero of the Anti-Japanese War, and occupied Yuheng in Ningde, Tian Niu in Fuqing and Linton in Putian, setting up strongholds, burning and looting everywhere. Xinghua Fucheng was captured by the Japanese army at midnight on the 29th of the lunar calendar 1 1 and occupied for two months. Xinghua city was completely burned and more than 30,000 people were killed. At that time, Putian men, women and children rebelled, were cut off by the Japanese, or burned to death and crucified. It's terrible. The Japanese thieves' inhuman atrocities shocked the world. On the 25th day of the first month of the following year, the enemy had to temporarily retreat to Pinghai because of the foul smell of corpses in the city. The fall of Xinghua City alarmed the imperial court, which was the first government city captured since the Japanese invasion. Emperor Jiajing removed the company commander in Fujian and transferred Qi Jiguang from eastern Zhejiang to vice company commander in Fujian, cooperating with the new company commander Yu in Fujian and the company commander Yu in Guangdong to suppress the enemy. \x0d\ Qi Jiguang came to Putian many times to fight against Japan and save the people, which was incompatible with each other. During the period, there were more than 60 Japanese camps at the Huangshilin Wharf in Putian, and more than 4,000 people were wiped out. The basic dust of the Japanese invasion was settled. Xinghua city was recovered. At this time, people who fled to the mountains went home on the second day of February. On the one hand, we bury the bodies of relatives and friends, on the other hand, we clean up the broken homes. At this time, New Year's Day has passed, and people will visit each other on the second day of February and reunite for the New Year on the fourth day of February. After the Japanese invasion, Lin Longjiang in Yixian donated 30 mu of land to build a holy temple in Linton to worship Qi Jiguang. 1998, Qi Jiguang Memorial Hall was listed in Fujian Yearbook. The legend of Light Cake is also a memorial to Qi Jiguang by the people. In order to commemorate the tragic history and the heroic deeds of Qi Jiguang, an anti-Japanese hero, the people of Putian agreed that New Year's Eve and the fourth day of the first month were "New Year's Eve", also called "New Year's Eve". According to historical records, Xinghua, Jiangsu Province was invaded by Japanese pirates at that time. It is said that the Japanese invaders were ordered to invade Xinghua at that time, but they did not know which Xinghua it was, so they invaded at the same time. There is no custom of "getting old" in Xinghua, Jiangsu. Therefore, the custom of "aging" in Putian can be said to be unique in the whole country. \x0d\\x0d\ Festival for Worshiping the Dead \x0d\\x0d\ On the first day of the first lunar month, relatives and friends pay New Year greetings to each other after dinner, which is called "Happy New Year" and say some auspicious words. This custom is the same as that in China. However, on the second day of the first month, people will not visit each other on this day to express their condolences to their loved ones who died in the Japanese invasion. Up to now, Putian people don't visit each other on this day every year or visit relatives and friends, for fear of bringing bad luck to others. However, we young people just choose this day for parties and other activities, just because there are few people in the street, which is just right. ) \ x0d \ x0d \ White Spring Festival couplets \ x0d \ x0d \ Sticking Spring Festival couplets is also a unique custom of China people. Is to write all kinds of auspicious wishes on red paper and stick them on both sides of the door. In China, red is a festive color. Writing Spring Festival couplets in red paper is a common habit of China people, and every family must abide by it, otherwise it will be unlucky. But in Putian, it is precisely because of this history of Japanese aggression that the custom of pasting white couplets on Spring Festival couplets is prevalent in Putian. It turns out that every household in Putian sticks white couplets on the second day of the first month, but it is a custom to stick red Spring Festival couplets on the fourth day of the first month. In the contradiction between mourning for relatives and auspicious festivals, people choose a compromise, that is, covering the newly posted Spring Festival couplets with red couplets, revealing a section of white Spring Festival couplets (about 10cm). Since then, during the Spring Festival in Putian, white couplets have become popular. \ x0d \ x0d \ Leave the lights on New Year's Eve \ x0d \ x0d \ This habit is related to a folklore. There is an old woman in the local area who usually does good deeds and accumulates virtue. She was sincere and won everyone's praise. On the night of the Japanese massacre, the old lady and her family were still sleeping. At this time, the old lady dreamed in her dream that the Bodhisattva wanted her to get up and light a lamp. After waking from a dream, the old woman who believed in Buddhism lit the lamp according to the instructions of the Bodhisattva. I didn't know until dawn that the Japanese had killed every family in the village. After the massacre, I marked it with lights, indicating that I slaughtered the whole family. In this way, the old woman's family escaped the disaster. From then on, after dinner on New Year's Eve, no matter when you go to bed, the lights are always on until dawn to show that turning on the lights can avoid disasters and keep your family safe. \ x0d \ x0d \ taboo \ x0d \ x0d \ On the first day of the first month, at the beginning of the new year, Najib is the rule of everything. There are many taboos: on the first day of the first lunar month, everyone eats almost the same meal, which is chicken soup or duck noodle soup. The first bite must be noodles, so it is said that it will not be caught in the first rain of the New Year. Don't beat and scold children, don't quarrel with others, don't say unlucky words, and don't force debts with money; Avoid sweeping the floor with a broom, which means auspicious wishes to welcome the new year, so as not to be swept away; Avoid wearing old clothes and new clothes, saying "go to the old and welcome the new"; Avoid barefoot, and it is unlucky to be stabbed when walking; There are also some taboos, such as not carrying water on the second day of junior high school and setting off firecrackers to open wells on the third day.