Introduction of Moreno Glacier in Patagonia Mountains

The formation of because:

(1) The latitude is high, and there is a cold current flowing along the eastern coast, so the temperature is low; The precipitation in this area is mainly brought by the prevailing westerly wind from the Pacific Ocean, which is located on the leeward side of the Andes. The west wind crosses the high Andes and sinks to form a scorching wind; The southern tip of South America is a narrow continent. (2) The southern tip of South America is narrow; Patagonia Plateau is high in the west and low in the east, lacking closed basins.

(3) The latitude in this area is high and the temperature is low; Quaternary glaciers are widely distributed and glaciation is strong; Dry climate, less precipitation; Strong wind, strong wind action.

2. Altitude change of Patagonia Mountains

Patagonia Plateau starts from the Colorado River at 36 north latitude in the north, reaches Tierra del Fuego in the south, the Andes in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It covers an area of 786,938 square kilometers, accounting for about 28. Include Neuquen, Rionegro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego. This is a place with a unique natural geographical environment.

Patagonia is bordered by the Andes in the west, with snow peaks and volcanoes, glaciers and dense forests, as well as a large number of national parks and nature reserves. Perito Moreno Glacier is located in Glacier National Park in the southwest of Santa Cruz Province, with an altitude of 3,600 meters and a stretch of 200 kilometers. The ice layer keeps moving and breaking, and the roaring mountain wind fills the park with thunderous noise. Laning National Park in the northwest of neuquen province has 2 1 lake and an extinct volcano with an altitude of 3,774 meters.

3. Vegetation characteristics on both sides of Patagonia Mountains

The discovery of abundant coal in Antarctica (rich oil buried in the Arctic) shows that the Antarctic (Arctic) region was once located in a warm and humid area with dense forests, which is a strong evidence of plate tectonic theory. Reasons for the formation of Congo basin: Congo basin was originally an inland lake, but later the crust rose and rivers cut. The lake poured out. (3) Causes of the Dead Sea (Lake Baikal, Lake Tanganyika, Fenhe Valley and Weihe Valley): internal force-fracture and collapse (4) Causes of the five major freshwater lakes in North America (European fjord topography and lakes): external force-glaciation (5) Formation of Lushan Mountain (Huashan and Taishan): fault mountain (6) High terrain in the middle. Africa: the terrain is mainly plateau with little ground coverage; (2) There is a huge rift zone in the east; Topographic features: Europe is high in the southeast and low in the northwest: Europe is dominated by mountains and plains, with a vast plain area, accounting for 2/3 of the total area; Low-lying, it is the lowest continent in the world (300m), with high terrain in the north and south and low terrain in the middle; Glaciers are widely distributed in North America: the terrain is high from east to west and low in the middle; There are three terrain areas, namely, mountains in the west, mountains and plateaus in the east and plains in the middle. Glacial landforms are widely distributed in the northern half of South America: the Andes runs through the west from north to south; Oceania is located in the east, with alternating plains and plateaus: the terrain is low and flat. The surface is gentle and undulating; The terrain is three longitudinal zones, with mountains in the east, plains in the middle and plateaus in the west. Antarctica: the continent with the highest average altitude in the world (2350 meters); Glaciers are widely distributed in the mainland, with an average thickness of 2000 meters, and the topography under the ice is diverse (7). The causes of serious geological disasters in southwest China are: natural causes: vast mountains, broken rocks and serious weathering; The wet and dry seasons are distinct, and the rainstorm is concentrated; Crustal movement is strong and faults are developed. Man-made reasons: vegetation destruction (7) serious waterlogging in Bangladesh: natural reasons: strong southwest monsoon and abundant rainfall; Low-lying, poor drainage; Ganges River and Yarlung Zangbo River meet here and enter the flood season at the same time; Man-made reasons: high population density, more vegetation destruction in the upper reaches and serious soil erosion. (8) Reasons for frequent droughts and floods in India: strong southwest monsoon, or coming early and leaving late, is easy to cause floods; Otherwise it will cause drought. (9) The reason of Amazon's large flow: it is located near the equator, affected by the equatorial depression, with more updraft and abundant precipitation; The plain terrain and the terrain with three sides high and open to the east are beneficial to the entry of Atlantic water vapor; After entering the inland, water vapor was lifted by plateaus and mountains, and precipitation appeared in many terrains. The basin is vast, and the surface water is collected in the Amazon from three sides. (10) temperate desert-Taklimakan variety: Patagonia desert in southern South America Origin: located in the temperate zone, with prevailing westerly winds, east of the Andes, leeward slopes and less precipitation. (12) tropical desert-Sahara (Victoria) desert formation: controlled by subtropical high or trade winds all year round, it is hot and dry all year round. Variation: thar desert in South Asia Cause: the southwest monsoon is difficult to reach, the original vegetation is destroyed, and the ground lacks vegetation protection. (13) The reason why the Chilean desert is long and narrow from north to south is because the Andes are pushed up to the west coast, and the tropical desert climate is difficult to expand eastward; Affected by the Peruvian cold current, the tropical desert climate extends northward; The reasons for the formation of tropical grassland climate in East Africa Plateau are: high terrain, low temperature, weak convection and little precipitation, which can not form a tropical rain forest climate. (14) Causes of spring drought in North China: the temperature rises rapidly in spring and evaporation is vigorous; Precipitation is scarce. (15) There is no spring drought in Northeast China;

Governance measures: South-to-North Water Transfer Project; Building a reservoir; Control population and improve quality; Reduce water pollution; Reduce waste and improve utilization rate; Restrict the development of high water consumption industries; Develop water-saving agriculture, adopt drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technology to improve utilization rate; Implement water price adjustment and establish water-saving consciousness; Desalination of seawater, etc. (18) The reason for the decrease of dead (salty) sea area is that it is located in the tropical desert climate zone (inland hinterland), with scarce precipitation and strong evaporation. (Natural reasons) Industry and agriculture use the Jordan River (cotton fields are expanded and irrigated by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers) to reduce the river runoff flowing into the Dead Sea. (Socio-economic reasons) Just look at the college entrance examination questions in previous years and study them. Review the simulated test papers in schools and other areas, and focus on being familiar with what you have not done before. I really won't. I can recite it. I don't understand. If the basic knowledge is not good, it is better to review the basic knowledge and write it out. In hot weather, soldiers should pay attention to replenish more water and maintain a good mental state and physical health (pay attention to work and rest rules and sleep quality). I wish you all high efficiency [hehe]

4. Snow Line in Patagonia Mountains

Let's take several typical plateau lakes in China as examples to understand the causes of lakes. There are many lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for about half of the total number of lakes in China. Xizang Autonomous Region alone has more than 1000 lakes. Most of these lakes are caused by the collapse of crustal tectonic activities and glacial activities. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was formed by the collision, extrusion and uplift of the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, and this process is still going on. Therefore, the crustal activity is strong, and the surface faults are easy to form valleys and depressions. Coupled with the erosion of glaciers, glaciers melt all the year round and form lakes.

The formation of lakes in Inner Mongolia Plateau is different from that in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mostly because the local climate is dry and the wind is strong, the loose sandy soil on the surface is eroded by the strong wind and gradually sinks to the first stable aquifer below the surface, thus forming a lake, which is called a wind erosion lake. In addition, there are depressions formed by volcanic eruption on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and then the water flows converge to form volcanic lakes. Most of the lakes on the Inner Mongolia Plateau are inland lakes, shallow and small, with concentrated distribution. The recharge sources of lake water are mainly rainwater and groundwater.

In addition to structural collapse, lakes in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are mainly caused by long-term dissolution of limestone under hot and humid climate conditions. Some lakes in mountainous areas were formed because the original rivers were blocked by sediment. The river cannot leave the hospital. This is a dammed lake. Many such lakes were formed in the Wenchuan earthquake.

Geologically speaking, plateau lake is a structural lake with steep water depth and shore. There are many water inlet systems and few water outlet systems. It is worth noting that plateau lakes have long water exchange period, large water capacity, poor mobility and high ecological fragility. This kind of lake has serious soil erosion and poor species stability. Once destroyed, it is difficult to recover in a short time.

Some lakes in mountainous areas are often blocked by sediment for various reasons, and the river water can't be discharged, so it flows into the lake. As for the Tianchi Lake in Baitou Mountain, it was once a crater in the historical period. Most of the lava and other debris that erupted before scattered around the crater, piled up and got higher and higher, forming a funnel-shaped depression. 1702 After the last eruption, the crater became a lake with water. In addition, there is a Tianchi Lake in Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang, China. However, the reason is not volcanoes, but glacial deposits blocking the valley.

5. Reasons for the formation of Patagonia Mountains

Patagonia Plateau belongs to temperate continental climate, which is dry all the year round with little rain, hot in summer, cold in winter and large temperature difference. The reason is that this area is located in the mid-latitude, and the west side is the Andes, which can block the west wind on the ocean.

Eastern Patagonia is a desert and semi-desert plateau, dominated by vast terraces. It slopes in steps from west to east, while in the east, it pushes into the Atlantic Ocean with steep cliffs. Influenced by ancient glaciers and modern arid climate, there are many glacial valley, moraine mound, periglacial lake deposits and various wind erosion and aeolian landforms on the surface.

Patagonia is known as the terroir plateau with bad climatic conditions. Affected by the small size of the mainland, the leeward position of the Andes and the cold current coast of Falkland, the desert reached the east coast, but its continental characteristics were not very strong. There is no extreme low temperature and high temperature in winter and summer. The average temperature in July is 0~4,1the average temperature in October 12~20.

Precipitation is scarce, and the annual average precipitation in the whole region is less than 300 mm, and it decreases from west to east. The wind is strong, often blowing strong winds at a speed of 1 10 km, and sandstorms continue.

6. The main types of glacial landforms in Patagonia Mountains.

About 20%.

Due to global warming, the area and volume of glaciers around the world are obviously decreasing, and some even disappear.

The Antarctic ice sheet, which accounts for 965,438+0% of the world area, disappeared in the United States from 65,438+0 to 65,438+0/7 of the total area in 1998. At the end of last year, the American Geographical Society reported that the three largest glaciers in Antarctica had thinned by 45 meters in ten years.

Since 1993, the southern and eastern edges of the Arctic Greenland ice sheet have been thinning at the rate of 1 m per year.

7. The reasons for the low altitude of Patagonian glaciers.

The topography of South America can be divided into three longitudinal zones from north to south: the long and narrow Andes in the west, the undulating plateau in the east and the broad and flat plain lowlands in the middle. The plains below 300 meters above sea level in South America account for about 60% of the whole continent, with an altitude of 300 meters. The plateaus, hills and mountains between 00 meters account for about 33% of the whole continent, and the plateaus and mountains above 3000 meters account for about 7% of the whole continent. The average elevation of the whole continent is 600 meters. The Andes consists of several parallel mountains, with the widest point of 400 kilometers and the total length of about 9,000 kilometers. Most of them are above 3000 meters above sea level. They are the longest mountains in the world and one of the highest mountains in the world.

There are many peaks in the Andes with an altitude of more than 6,000 meters, among which Aconcagua Mountain is the highest peak in South America with an altitude of 69,600 meters. In the east of South America, there are vast Brazilian Plateau and Guyana Plateau, of which the Brazilian Plateau covers an area of over 5 million square kilometers, making it the largest plateau in the world. In the south, there is Patagonia Plateau. From north to south, South America is the Orinoco River Plain, Amazon Plain and La Plata Plain. Among them, the Amazon Plain covers an area of about 5.6 million square kilometers, which is the largest alluvial plain in the world, with an open terrain and an altitude of less than 200 meters.

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Climatic characteristics

Most of South America has a tropical rain forest and savanna climate. The climate is warm and humid, mainly tropical, but not continental. Except for mountainous areas, the average temperature in winter in Leng Yue is above 0, and that in tropical areas dominated by mainland China is above 20. Winter is far warmer than North America.

In most areas, the average temperature in the hottest month of summer is 26? 8. It is far less hot than the tropical areas of Africa and Australia. The temperature in South America is lower than that in Asia and North America. The whole continent is rich in precipitation, and the area with annual precipitation above 1000 mm accounts for more than 70% of the whole continent. This is a continent with a small desert.

8. Genesis of Pagoda Peak in Patagonia Mountains

Wanwanhe Town is the largest town in Suizhou City, Hubei Province, and also the largest town in Hubei Province. It covers an area of 880 square kilometers and has a population of about 73,000. It is located in the northernmost part of Hubei Province, bordering on Henan Province. There are two mountains in the town, one is Tongbai Mountain, which is the source of Huaihe River.

The second peak is Qifeng, the largest state-owned forest farm in the province-Qifeng Forest Farm and National Forest Park. Wanhe Town is also the main producing area of Suizhou orchids and the pillar industry of Wanhe Town.

9. The formation process of the peak of Patagonia Mountains.

Basic characteristics of Asian topography

First, the plateau and mountainous areas are vast, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole continent; Second, the terrain is high in the middle and low around, and the central part is concentrated in the plateau and mountainous areas, with an average altitude of more than 4000 meters and an altitude of less than 200 meters. Third, the terrain is complex and changeable, with great ups and downs. There are the highest Himalayas in the world (the highest peak of Mount Everest is 8848 meters above sea level), the lowest depression in the world, the Dead Sea (400 meters above sea level) and vast plains.

Basic characteristics of African topography

The topography of Africa is dominated by plateaus, and the ground fluctuation is very small, so it is called plateau continent. The average altitude is more than 600 meters, and the terrain inclines from southeast to northwest. There are Atlas Mountain in the northwest and Drakens Mountain in the southeast.

The topography of Africa can be divided into three parts: first, the plateau. From north to south are the Ethiopian Plateau, the East African Plateau and the South African Plateau. Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 meters above sea level) is the highest peak in Africa, located in the East African Plateau. In eastern Africa, there is a north-south rift zone-the Great Rift Valley, with a series of long and narrow lakes at the bottom. Second, the basin. In the middle is a vast Congo basin, which was originally a vast inland lake. Later, due to the rise of the earth, the crust formed, rivers stopped flowing and lakes leaked. Third, the desert. Its northern part is the Sahara desert, covering an area of more than 7.7 million square kilometers, of which

First, the topography of Europe is dominated by plains, which account for about two-thirds of the total area of the whole continent. The main plains are Eastern Europe Plain, Central Europe Plain (Bode Plain) and Western Europe Plain. Second, the terrain is not undulating, with an average elevation of about 300 meters, which is the lowest continent in the world. Thirdly, glaciers are widely distributed, and Quaternary glaciers have a significant impact on vast areas of Europe, and some parts of the eastern and central plains of Europe show undulating terrain; Nordic fjords and numerous lakes; The wide valleys and peaks in southern alps are the result of glaciation. Fourth, the mountains are mainly distributed in the north and south: Scandinavia in the north and Alps in the south.

Basic characteristics of North American topography

The topography of North America is obviously divided into three longitudinal zones, namely, the west is a tall mountain system, the middle is a vast plain, and the east is a low highland.

The tall mountains in the west belong to the Cordillera Mountains, which are composed of several parallel mountains, such as the coastal mountains, the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains, with plateaus and basins distributed between them.

The central plain is distributed between the western mountains and the eastern highlands, starting from the Arctic Ocean in the north and reaching the Gulf of Mexico in the south. This is a vast plain that runs through the middle of the North American continent. There are 33,354 Great Lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario), which are the largest freshwater lakes in the world.

The eastern lowland highlands are composed of Appalachian Mountains and Labrador Plateau, which have become lowland mountains and highlands due to long-term erosion.

Basic characteristics of South American topography

The topography of South America is high in the west and low in the east, and it can also be divided into three topographic areas: the western part is a high mountain system, and the eastern part is a vast alluvial plain and undulating plateau (alternately distributed).

The western Alps are an extension of the Cordillera Mountains in South America, called the Andes. It is the longest mountain range in the world, with a total length of over 9000 kilometers. It is part of the volcanic seismic belt around the Pacific Ocean.

There are three plateaus in the east: Guyana, Brazil and Patagonia. Brazil is the largest plateau in the world (about 5 million square kilometers). These high causes have been eroded for a long time and leveled off.

There are three plains in the east, namely Orinoco River Plain, Amazon Plain and La Plata Plain from north to south. Amazon Plain is the largest alluvial plain in the world, covering an area of about 5.6 million square kilometers. It is the largest tropical rain forest area in the world.

10. Patagonia glacier is as low as 200 meters.

At the southernmost tip of South America, Patagonia is an unconquerable wilderness. It is located in the westerlies. A strong westerly wind originates from the Pacific Ocean. Because the ocean is vast and has little resistance, it is unstoppable and sweeps thousands of miles.

The strong wind mixed with a lot of Pacific water vapor blows all the way to Patagonia, and the majestic Andes is an indestructible barrier to intercept it. The towering and steep peaks have taken away almost all the water in the clouds, and more than 3 trillion tons of fresh water are confined in huge and hard glaciers, with nowhere to go.

Because there is no water, the soil becomes extremely dry, which is the cause of the desert.